CC BY
4
УДК 114
DOI: 10.53315/1995-0713-2023-60-4-163-172
2
Санг Джи1, Дж. Долгосурен2
'Университет Яншан, Китай Университет CITI, Улан-Батор, Монголия
1
2
АНАЛИЗ ДИЗАЙНА ГОРОДСКОЙ МЕБЕЛИ ДЛЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ГУМАНИСТИЧЕСКОГО УМНОГО ГОРОДА
Главной целью развития умных городов является не только материальное и технологическое обеспечение, но и предоставление институциональной и функциональной поддержки. Кроме того, она должна охватывать культуру, цивилизацию и искусство. В этом контексте была разработана концепция гуманистических умных городов. Эта концепция включает и городскую мебель, которая является одним из основных компонентов городских общественных пространств и служит важнейшей платформой для размещения интеллектуальных объектов, удовлетворения потребностей граждан и отражения культурного и художественного самовыражения. Вначале рассматриваются концептуальные атрибуты умных городов с различных точек зрения, а также даны три основные характеристики развития гуманистических умных городов. Во-вторых, описывается роль городской мебели в гуманистических умных городах. Далее рассматриваются направления проектирования и описываются основные три типа городской мебели, сопровождаемые анализом соответствующих проектных вариантов в Китае, Сингапуре и Израиле.
Ключевые слова: умный город, гуманистический умный город, городская мебель, дизайн городской мебели.
Sang Yi1, J. Dolgorsuren2
'School of Art and Design,Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China 2School of Arts.CITI University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ANALYSIS OF URBAN FURNITURE DESIGNFOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HUMANISTIC SMART CITY
The ultimate goal of smart city development should encompass not only material and technological convenience but also ensure institutional and functional support. Furthermore, it should embrace culture, civilization, and art. In this context, the concept of humanistic smart cities has emerged. Among these, urban furniture, as one of the primary components of urban public spaces, serves as a crucial platform for accommodating smart facilities, meeting citizens' needs, and reflecting cultural and artistic expressions. Initially, the conceptual attributes of smart cities from various perspectives are examined, and the three major characteristics ofhumanistic smart city development are expounded upon. Subsequently, the role of urban furniture in humanistic smart cities is elucidated. Lastly, design directions and focal points for three types of urban furniture are proposed, accompanied by an analysis of relevant design cases from China, Singapore, and Israel.
Key word: smart city, humanistic smart city, urban furniture, urban furniture design.
Aristotle once expounded in his "Politics" that, "the state comes into existence, originating in the bare needs of life, and continuing in existence for the sake of a good life". This statement by Aristotle encapsulates his interpretation of the significance of the birth and development of cities - cities make life better. Throughout history, our exploration of urban planning theories and practices has never ceased. Since the 21st century, with
Introduction
the advancement of science and technology, the construction of smart cities has become the mainstream trend in the development of medium to large cities worldwide. From early smart city technologies to smart city systems and, more recently, the concept of human-centric smart cities, academia's understanding and research directions regarding smart cities have undergone noticeable changes. Among these, urban furniture, serving as urban infrastructure, tools for urban life, and carriers of urban culture, plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of urban development. In this context, clarifying the role and development direction of urban furniture in human-centric smart cities holds significant theoretical and practical significance for the construction of a new generation of smart cities.
1. Overview of Smart City Research
Since the inception of the "National Information Infrastructure" plan proposed by the U.S. government in 1993 a significant wave of enthusiasm swiftly swept across the globe. Countries such as Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and South Korea, among others, swiftly introduced corresponding initiatives. The establishment of network communication infrastructure, as a foundation for intelligence, marked the nascent phase of smart city construction. In 2009, IBM introduced the concept of the "Smart Planet" to the U.S. government. In the same year, in September, the city of Dubuque, Iowa, in collaboration with IBM, announced the construction of the first smart city in the United States. Against this backdrop, the development and application of big data and artificial intelligence have spurred a new "information revolution," signifying the global smart city construction entering a phase of multifaceted exploration. After more than a decade of research, construction, and development, large international cities such as London, New York, Singapore, Beijing, and Seoul have emerged as leaders in global smart city development.
Table 1
Three Typical Perspectives in Smart City Construction Research
Category Characteristics Source
City Operation Perspective Emphasizing that a smart city is a product that combines intelligent digital urbanization with the Internet of Things, capable of promoting urban planning, construction, management, and services. Shahbaz M1 Flyverbom M2 Li Deren3 Wu Hequan4
Digital Governance Perspective Advocating the vital role of information technology and information systems in the reform of urban public sectors, promoting the sharing of power operations, and gradually realizing the process of good governance that empowers society and the people. Yan Jiahua5 Bao Jing6 Han Zhaozhu7 Zhu Qianwei8
'Shahbaz M., Wang Jianda, Dong Kangyin, and Zhao Jun. "The impact of digital economy on energy transition across the globe: The mediating role of government governance." Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews (2022): 112620.
2Flyverbom M., Deibert R., and Matten D. "The Governance of Digital Technology, Big Data, and the Internet: New Roles and Responsibilities for Business." Business & Society 58, no. 01 (2019): 3-19.
3Li, Deren. "Digital City + Internet of Things + Cloud Computing = Smart City." China New Telecommunications 13, no. 20 (2011): 46.
4Wu Hequan. "Data Management in Smart Cities." Internet of Things Technologies 2, no. 11 (2012): 11-14. D0I:10.16667/j.issn.2095-1302.2012.11.025.
5Yan Jiahua, and Wang Zhanghua. "Analyzing the Concepts and Their Relationship of Digital Governance, Data Governance, Smart Governance and Intelligent Governance."Journal of Xiangtan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 43, no. 05 (2019): 25-30+88. D0I:10.13715/j.cnki.jxupss.2019.05.005.
6BaoJing, and Jia Kai. "Research on the Modernization of the Digital Governance System and Capabilities: Principle, Architecture and Constituent." CASS Journal of Political Science (2019), no. 03: 23-32+125-126.
7Han Zhaozhu, and Ma Wenjuan. "0verview of Research on Digital Governance Theory."Journal of Gansu Administration Institute (2016), no. 01: 23-35.
8Zhu Qianwei. Public Administration Theory.Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2015, 481, 482, 496.
Humanistic comprehensive perspective
Initiating on the basis of smart infrastructure, the proposal advocates for an innovative system project conducted with the core objective of enhancing the happiness and satisfaction of urban residents. This initiative aims to promote the smartification of the city's development approach.
Liu Shilin1 Zhang Yongmin2 Dang Anrong3 Wei Yanqiu4
Compared to the "City Operation Perspective" and the "Digital Governance Perspective," the Humanistic comprehensive perspective elucidates that a humanistic smart city is a city concept, form, and model with cultural resources and cultural capital as the primary means of production, service economy and cultural industries as the primary modes of production, human knowledge, wisdom, imagination, and creativity as the main conditions, and the enhancement of the quality of life and the promotion of individual comprehensive development as the social development goals. It reveals that the purpose of urban development is not the increase in urban population or the aggregation of economic output and wealth but whether the city provides a "valuable, meaningful, and dreamful" way of life13. Therefore, the concept of a humanistic smart city places more emphasis on "people-oriented" in the process of urban construction and development, which is more in line with the actual needs of urban economic and social development in the contemporary information society.
2. Characteristics of Humanistic Smart City Construction
A complete smart city should meet the basic requirements of material civilization, institutional civilization, and spiritual civilization. Therefore, the construction of a humanistic smart city should encompass three major disciplines: natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Among these, natural sciences provide technological support, social sciences help us understand the rules of social operation for improved social management, and humanities assist us in discovering the values and significance of cities. Based on this, the characteristics of humanistic smart city construction include the following three aspects.
Firstly, the construction of a humanistic smart city is based on the city's information infrastructure. The larger and more diverse the city's population, the more conflicts may arise. Without information infrastructure as the data foundation of the city, discussions about intelligent management and digital governance in humanistic smart cities would be futile. The purpose of constructing these facilities is to provide various complex data for the operation of the city. From the perspective of urban governance, these data can be categorized into three types: navigation and location services, geographic information services, and industry perception5. These data need to meet the on-demand, real-time, and accurate decision-making needs of governments, businesses, and citizens. It requires the networked and instantaneous linkage of urban perception to data and from data to model resources. Therefore, urban information infrastructure is an important component of the national information foundation and a crucial prerequisite for the construction of humanistic smart cities.
Secondly, the construction of a humanistic smart city is centered around the city's social needs as its construction objective. The faster the social operations of a city, the more frequently problems may arise. In contrast to the concept of smart cities proposed many
1Liu Shilin. "Humanistic Smart Cities Lead the Modernization of Megacity Governance." Zhangjiang Technology Review (2020), no. 06: 39-41.
2Zhang Yongmin. "From Smart Cities to New Smart Cities.'"'Informatization of China Construction (2017), no. 03: 66-71.
3Dang Anrong, Zhen Maocheng, and Wang, Dan."Development Process and Trends of New Smart Cities in China."Science & Technology Review 36, no. 18 (2018): 16-29.
4Wei Yanqiu, and Li Ying. "The Logic and Reconstruction ofNew Smart City Construction." Urban Development Studies 26, no. 06 (2019): 108-113.
5Gong Jianya, Zhang Xiang, Xiang Longgang, et al. "Progress and Applications for Integrated Sensing and Intelligent Decision in Smart City." ActaGeodaeticaetCartographicaSinica 48, no. 12 (2019): 1482-1497.
years ago, humanistic smart cities not only consider macro-level information construction but also cater to various fragmented and occasional information needs, establishing corresponding application scenarios or response plans for them. It can be said that the urban life faced by humanistic smart cities is not simply about meeting basic human survival needs in a cyclical manner, nor is it solely about fulfilling physiological desires. Instead, it is about continuously enhancing the quality and comprehensiveness of life to meet diverse survival and development needs. Therefore, on the foundation of information and intelligent infrastructure construction, humanistic smart cities are constructed with a focus on social needs, aiming to create a new form of human habitat that is characterized by enriched living conditions, social harmony, good order, competitiveness, environmental beauty, and sustainable development.
Thirdly, the core of construction lies in the humanistic characteristics of the city. A city serves as a vessel for culture, and culture is the soul of the city1. Each city possesses its own unique charm and distinct cultural identity, making world cities diverse and complex. The essence of this diversity and complexity lies in the diversity and complexity of urban culture. Urban culture, formed by various factors including natural geography, urban history, architectural forms, ethnic cultures, and religious beliefs, constitutes the core symbols that shape a city's collective memory and urban brand image. These symbols, carrying the essence of urban culture, reappear in the city's public spaces and public facilities. When combined with intelligent systems and smart services, they create a cityscape filled with human emotions and creative intelligence.
3. Urban furniture design for the construction of humanistic smart cities
3.1 The relationship between urban furniture and the construction of humanistic smart city
The concept of "urban furniture" originated in Europe, but due to the differences in the historical process of urban construction, infrastructure, urban culture, development strategy and other aspects, different countries have different understandings of urban furniture and construction policies and strategies. In recent years, China has made outstanding achievements in infrastructure construction, some of which are specifically representative of the relevant research. Bao Shidu earlier put forward the systematic theory of urban furniture2 and divided urban furniture into 6 systems and 45 categories, and carried out a lot of design practices in Zhejiang Province and Shanghai. CAI Yuchao3 summarized the concept of urban furniture from the perspective of five categories, and proposed the triple dimension of "human design, rational design and perceptual design" in urban furniture design. Gao Tanhao4 takes urban furniture as the carrier of artistic healing and puts forward the intervention strategy of artistic healing; In addition, some scholars study urban furniture design strategies and design practices from the perspective of Chinese regional culture and urban culture5, 6 or from the perspective of contemporary urban lifestyle7, 8.
1Tu Wenxue. "Culture propels the modernization of Chinese cities to new heights." Social Sciences in Hunan (2023), no. 04: 28-33.
2Bao Shidu, and Shi Meng. "Theoretical Research on Urban Furniture in China.'"4rt & Design 2019, no. 315(07): 12-16.D0I:10.16272/j.cnki.cn11-1392/j.2019.07.006.
3Cai Yuchao, Zhang Jie, TianMi, et al. "Research on Theories, Methods, and Problems of Urban Furniture Design." Furniture & Interior Design 2021, no. 274(12): 11-15. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2021.12.003.
"GaoTanhao, Zhang Xiaotong, & Zhou, Hongtao. "Research on Urban Furniture Design Based on Art Therapy." Furniture & Interior Design 2021, no. 267(05): 10-15. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2021.05.003.
5Li Liang. "Research on the Fusion of Urban Furniture with Regional Cultural Symbols Based on Nostalgic Emotions." Furniture & Interior Design 2022, 29(06): 13-17. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2022.06.003.
Jiang Shengfeng, and Liu Jia. "Image Activation: Research on the Sensory Scene Design of Wuxi Urban Furniture." Furniture & Interior Design 2023, 30(01): 21-25. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2023.01.005.
7Zhou Hongtao, Tian Jingwen, Zhang Xiaotong, et al. "Research on Urban Furniture Promoting Community Space Micro-Updates from the Perspective of Curation." Furniture & Interior Design 2023, 30(01): 10-15. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2023.01.003.
8Cao Ming, Zhou Peihua, and GuoWeimin."Research on the Design Strategy of Friendly Bicycle Urban Furniture."Furniture & Interior Design 2022, 29(11): 22-27. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2022.11.005.
Urban furniture is one of the primary elements in urban public spaces. In street spaces, the visual proportion of various urban furniture facilities constitutes more than one-fifth of the overall spatial composition. These facilities are essential elements that support urban life, including necessary activities, spontaneous actions, and social activities1. Therefore, urban furniture plays a crucial role in urban development and the quality of life for city residents. When constructing a humanistic smart city, the complexity of urban furniture planning and design lies in balancing technical functionality with the artistic and cultural demands of modern urban spaces. Taking into account the current state of urban furniture theory research and humanistic smart city theory research, this paper summarizes the types and specific content of urban furniture tailored for the construction of humanistic smart cities (Table 2).
It can be observed that the design of these urban furniture pieces leverages internet and IoT technologies, integrating various sensors and signal systems organically to create intelligent and integrated urban facilities. Such innovative designs not only contribute to the construction of highly collaborative interactive urban application systems but also establish a customized public facility system. The ultimate goal is to comprehensively enhance the quality of life for urban residents. The following sections will elaborate on each of the three types of urban furniture and provide corresponding case examples.
Table 2
Types of Urban Furniture for Humanistic Smart City Construction
Type Corresponding Demand Specific Content
Intelligent Requirements for Building Perception Systems (communication base stations, Internet of Things, big data Acquisition, and transmission...) 1 .Public Transportation Category (signal lights, streetlights, fences, bus stops, shelters, manhole covers, signage, etc.) 2.Public Recreation Facilities (seats, tables, kiosks, play equipment, awnings, etc.) 3.Public Health Facilities (public restrooms, garbage bins, water fountains, etc.) 4.Landscape Art Facilities (sculptures, art installations, electronic screens, interactive devices, etc.)
Functional Urban Life Function Requirements (travel function, rest function, Entertainment Function...)
Cultural Urban Cultural and Artistic Needs (regional culture, urban memory, city Image...)
3.2 Urban Furniture Design with Multi-Source Data Capability
To achieve smart urban management and smart services, smart cities need to make full use of cutting-edge information and communication technologies, as well as computational methods. They rely on "urban comprehensive perception base stations" and network infrastructure to acquire and transmit multi-source data in the city. Urban furniture will become a crucial carrier for these comprehensive perception base stations in humanistic smart cities. However, this type of urban furniture should possess the following characteristics: it should support plug-and-play for heterogeneous sensors, have adaptive access capabilities, provide reliable computational capabilities, and exhibit robustness in emergency scenarios2.
Taking traffic congestion as an example, despite the solutions provided by researchers and engineers for smart traffic management at the current stage, achieving precise traffic sensing remains a challenge. The key issue lies in the limited density of in-situ sensors,
'Wang Yimeng, and Lin Chengyun. "Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Urban Quality Construction in China: Research Background and Value Significance of Urban Furniture Construction Guide." Art & Design 2019, no. 07: 24-28. D0I:10.16272/j.cnki.cn11-1392/j.2019.07.009.
2Chen Zeqiang, Chen Nengcheng, and Wu Jiekui, et al. "Technology Architecture and Standard Demands of Spatio-Temporal Information Cloud Platform for Smart City."Telecommunications Network Technology 2017, no. 5: 46-51.
the limited scope of observed objects and targets, and the inability of intelligent sensors to achieve collaborative observation1. Based on the urban furniture system, Chinese scholar Chen Dong2 proposed the construction of urban smart streetlights, traffic lights, and high-altitude imaging facilities equipped with sensing systems, aiming to address the precision limitations in traditional traffic sensing. By deploying RFID in-situ stations and high-resolution camera arrays within these installations, it becomes possible to achieve traffic sensing in large-scale scenarios, allowing for the analysis of parameters such as traffic flow and real-time speed. Furthermore, through the collaborative observation of outdoor traffic scenes facilitated by these urban perception base stations, automation and grid management of traffic control can be enhanced while ensuring precise sensing.
It is evident that this type of smart urban furniture with embedded sensing systems plays a crucial role in data sharing and collaboration. These devices not only collect a wealth of valuable data but also share this data with other urban devices and systems, preventing the occurrence of data silos through reliable platforms and multi-source data interfaces. This data sharing promotes collaboration among different urban management departments, contributing to better addressing complex urban challenges.
3.3 Urban Furniture Design to Meet Urban Needs
In the evolution of humanistic smart cities, a brand-new service approach centered around urban demands will guide the innovation of urban public furniture. The core of this innovation lies in better meeting the continuously changing needs of people. Therefore, within the context of constructing humanistic smart cities, it is essential to reeval-uate the concept of urban furniture services. This entails a shift from predominantly single-function services to more diverse and even customized services tailored to individual needs3. Under this new concept, urban furniture design will be more closely aligned with residents' lives, providing increasingly intelligent information support while also prioritizing human feelings and requirements. The aim is to create a more comfortable and convenient urban environment.
Figure 1. Smart Bus Stop in Singapore (source: betterfutureawards.com)
*Chen Nengcheng, Wang Xiaolei, and Xiao Changjiang, et al. "Model and System for Event-Driven Focusing Service of Information Resources in Smart City."Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University 2015, 40(12): 1633-1638. D0I:10.13203/j.whugis20140928.
2Chen Dong, Zhang Xiang, and Chen Nengcheng. "Smart City Awareness Base Station: A Prospective Integrated Sensing Infrastructure for Future Cities."Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University 2022, 47(02): 159-180. D0I:10.13203/j.whugis20210224.
3Li, Zhengjun, & Zhang, Wanning. "Innovation of Urban Public Facilities under the Trend of Smart City." Packaging Engineering 2018, 39(06): 207-211.
Taking Singapore, with more than 4,800 bus stations and 3.8 million passengers per day, as an example, in collaboration with the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), Land Transport Authority (LTA), Info-Communications Media Development Authority (IMDA), and National Parks Board (NPARKS), a smart and multifunctional bus station demonstrates how to harness the potential of urban furniture and transportation systems that have not yet been fully developed to shape the daily lives of urban residents. The New Bus Stop (Figure 1), designed as a landscape composed of a non-conclusive kit of parts, transforms the typically 'placeless' and generic-looking bus stop into a hub of latent social situations and environmental possibilities. By integrating various elements of distinctive environments such as a garden, library, gallery, bike park, playground, and energy farm, the bus stop also incorporates the latest in info-communication technology, including media boards, Wi-Fi, phone charging, interactive way-finding, and more. This array of social and environmental plug-ins for the bus stop provides the community with a broad palette of possibilities and opportunities for appropriation, allowing them to purposefully reshape the bus stop in their own neighborhoods, responding to their unique contexts, settings, and evolving needs. It can be seen that this modular design method enhances the adaptability and customizability of urban furniture, and provides a useful reference for humanized urban furniture in humanistic smart cities.
3.4 Urban Furniture Design That Embodies Humanistic Charm
Urban furniture can grasp the regional cultural connotation of the city through effective design methods, and become the most direct and effective carrier and medium of urban cultural spirit. For the construction of humanistic smart cities, excellent urban furniture should rely on the regional characteristics of the city and conform to the overall embodiment of the city image, that is, the inheritance of regional culture, the reproduction of urban memory, and the mapping of urban development. Different from the two figurative functions of "providing multi-source data" and "meeting the needs of the city", "humanity" has a certain abstraction for urban furniture, and in the design, it is necessary to transform this abstraction into a concrete, visual and perceptible "humanity". Therefore, in the urban furniture that can be seen everywhere in smart cities, they should present the symbols and elements of urban culture, which are refined, embodied, transformed, restructured symbols, patterns and colors, etc., will become a new urban language accepted by the public.
Figure 2. Humanistic Smart City Furniture "Warde" (Source: www.hqa.co.il)
From the perspective of improving urban culture and the artistic image, as well as the design of smart city furniture, the Warde (Figure 2) urban installation in Vallero Square, Jerusalem, presents a noteworthy case. This installation seamlessly blends functionality
with artistic and interactive elements, contributing significantly to the enhancement of the city's cultural and artistic identity. The four gigantic flowers with their ability to inflate and react to the presence of pedestrians and trams serve as not just practical urban furniture but also as artistic installations. Their dynamic nature adds an element of surprise and charm to the square, transforming it into a space that stimulates curiosity and engagement among residents and visitors alike. This integration of art into urban furniture aligns with the objective of enhancing the cultural appeal of the city and fostering a sense of identity. Moreover, the installation's incorporation of technology to create an interactive experience represents a forward-thinking approach to smart city design. The flowers respond to the needs of the community by offering shade on hot days and alerting shoppers to tram arrivals, showcasing how technology can enhance urban culture and convenience. It exemplifies the concept of intelligent and adaptable urban furniture, catering to the diverse needs of the city's residents. In doing so, it contributes not only to the aesthetic image of the city but also to its reputation as a technologically progressive and citizen-centric smart city.
Conclusion
In the view of Lewis Mumford, cities are tangible spaces that provide a better quality of life. The proposal of humanistic smart cities, on the one hand, starts from the combination of information technology and the concept of human-oriented services. It emphasizes that urban information infrastructure and service management platforms should be guided by the livability and human care of the city. On the other hand, the concept of humanistic smart cities helps clarify the relationships among various types of smart cities, highlighting that technology and management are indispensable "means," while human values are the "ends" that should not be discarded.
In the specific implementation of humanistic smart city construction, urban furniture planning, design, construction, operation, and management are unavoidable topics. Urban furniture is deeply rooted in the urban streets and public spaces, serving both individuals and the community, being created to serve the city's residents and enhance the urban environment. It plays a role as both a guardian and embellisher of the city's public and social environment. Therefore, this study elaborates and emphasizes the importance of a city furniture design system tailored for humanistic smart cities that simultaneously satisfies the characteristics of "smart features, functional features, and humanistic features." Furthermore, it provides valuable reference points for humanistic smart city furniture design through a summary of literature and case analysis, clarifying the direction of urban furniture design.
Reference
1. Shahbaz M., Wang Jianda, Dong Kangyin, and Zhao Jun. "The impact of digital economy on energy transition across the globe: The mediating role of government governance." Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews (2022): 112620.
2. Flyverbom M., Deibert R., and Matten D. "The Governance of Digital Technology, Big Data, and the Internet: New Roles and Responsibilities for Business." Business & Society 58, no. 01 (2019): 3-19.
3. Li, Deren. "Digital City + Internet of Things + Cloud Computing = Smart City." China New Telecommunications 13, no. 20 (2011): 46.
4. Wu Hequan. "Data Management in Smart Cities." Internet of Things Technologies 2, no. 11 (2012): 11-14. D0I:10.16667/j.issn.2095-1302.2012.11.025.
5. Yan Jiahua, and Wang Zhanghua. "Analyzing the Concepts and Their Relationship of Digital Governance, Data Governance, Smart Governance and Intelligent Governance." Journal of Xiangtan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 43, no. 05 (2019): 25-30+88. D0I:10.13715/j.cnki.jxupss.2019.05.005.
6. BaoJing, and Jia Kai. "Research on the Modernization of the Digital Governance System and Capabilities: Principle, Architecture and Constituent." CASS Journal of Political Science (2019), no. 03: 23-32+125-126.
7. Han Zhaozhu, and Ma Wenjuan. "0verview of Research on Digital Governance Theory." Journal of Gansu Administration Institute (2016), no. 01: 23-35.
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9. Liu Shilin. "Humanistic Smart Cities Lead the Modernization of Megacity Governance." Zhangjiang Technology Review (2020), no. 06: 39-41.
10. Zhang Yongmin. "From Smart Cities to New Smart Cities."Informatization of China Construction (2017), no. 03: 66-71.
11. Dang Anrong, Zhen Maocheng, and Wang, Dan. "Development Process and Trends of New Smart Cities in China." Science & Technology Review 36, no. 18 (2018): 16-29.
12. Wei Yanqiu, and Li Ying. "The Logic and Reconstruction of New Smart City Construction." Urban Development Studies 26, no. 06 (2019): 108-113.
13. Gong Jianya, Zhang Xiang, Xiang Longgang, et al. "Progress and Applications for Integrated Sensing and Intelligent Decision in Smart City." ActaGeodaeticaetCartographi-caSinica 48, no. 12 (2019): 1482-1497.
14. TuWenxue. "Culture propels the modernization of Chinese cities to new heights." Social Sciences in Hunan (2023), no. 04: 28-33.
15. BaoShidu, and Shi Meng. "Theoretical Research on Urban Furniture in China." Art & Design 2019, no. 315(07): 12-16.D0I:10.16272/j.cnki.cn11-1392/j.2019.07.006.
16. CaiYuchao, Zhang Jie, TianMi, et al. "Research on Theories, Methods, and Problems of Urban Furniture Design." Furniture & Interior Design 2021, no. 274(12): 11-15. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2021.12.003.
17. GaoTanhao, Zhang Xiaotong, & Zhou, Hongtao. "Research on Urban Furniture Design Based on Art Therapy." Furniture & Interior Design 2021, no. 267(05): 10-15. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2021.05.003.
18. Li Liang. "Research on the Fusion of Urban Furniture with Regional Cultural Symbols Based on Nostalgic Emotions." Furniture & Interior Design 2022, 29(06): 13-17. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2022.06.003.
19. Jiang Shengfeng, and Liu Jia. "Image Activation: Research on the Sensory Scene Design of Wuxi Urban Furniture." Furniture & Interior Design 2023, 30(01): 21-25. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2023.01.005.
20. Zhou Hongtao, TianJingwen, Zhang Xiaotong, et al. "Research on Urban Furniture Promoting Community Space Micro-Updates from the Perspective of Curation." Furniture & Interior Design 2023, 30(01): 10-15.D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2023.01.003.
21. Cao Ming, Zhou Peihua, and GuoWeimin. "Research on the Design Strategy of Friendly Bicycle Urban Furniture." Furniture & Interior Design 2022, 29(11): 22-27. D0I:10.16771/j.cn43-1247/ts.2022.11.005.
22. Wang Yimeng, and Lin Chengyun. "Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Urban Quality Construction in China: Research Background and Value Significance of Urban Furniture Construction Guide." Art & Design 2019, no. 07: 24-28. D0I:10.16272/j. cnki.cn11-1392/j.2019.07.009.
23. Chen Zeqiang, Chen Nengcheng, and Wu Jiekui, et al. "Technology Architecture and Standard Demands of Spatio-Temporal Information Cloud Platform for Smart City."
Telecommunications Network Technology 2017, no. 5: 46-51.
24. Chen Nengcheng, Wang Xiaolei, and Xiao Changjiang, et al. "Model and System for Event-Driven Focusing Service of Information Resources in Smart City." Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University 2015, 40(12): 1633-1638. DOI:10.13203/j. whugis20140928.
25. Chen Dong, Zhang Xiang, and Chen Nengcheng. "Smart City Awareness Base Station: A Prospective Integrated Sensing Infrastructure for Future Cities." Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University 2022, 47(02): 159-180. D0I:10.13203/j.whugis20210224.
26. Li, Zhengjun, & Zhang, Wanning. "Innovation of Urban Public Facilities under the Trend of Smart City." Packaging Engineering 2018, 39(06): 207-211.
