CC BY
0DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/cl-36892-2024-10-68-74
Pages: 68-74
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: INITIATIVES OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE AND BUSINESS
4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
XITOY RANG APELLYATSIYALARINING GENDER MADANIYATINI TAHLIL
QILISH
Liu Liqun
O'qituvchi Changji Universiteti Shinjon, Xitoy
_MAQOLA HAQIDA_
Kalit so'zlar: oq, qora, Annotatsiya: Murojaat atamalari adresat ismining
qizil, sariq, manzil atamalari, shaxsini, holatini, kasbini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Tarixiy gender madaniyati rivojlanish jarayonida u o'ziga xos hissiy rangi, milliy va vaqt
xususiyatlarini farqlaydi. Ushbu maqola tadqiqot ob'ekti sifatida "kang (qizil) ^ din (oq) ^ xang (qora) ^ xn (sariq)" bilan boshlanadigan rang nomlarini o'rganadi, erkak, ayol va neytral jihatdan ko'p miqdordagi korpusni tahlil qiladi. Ushbu qismda mavjud bo'lgan gender madaniy konnotatsiyasini _o'rganadi._
A ANALYSIS OF THE GENDER CULTURE OF CHINESE COLOR APPELLATIONS
Liu Likun
Lecturer Changji University Xinjiang, Chine
_ABOUT ATRICLE_
Key words: white, black, Abstract: Address terms are used to express the
red, yellow, address terms, identity, status, occupation of the addressee name. In the gender culture process of historical development, it has distinct emotional
color, national characteristics and characteristics of The Times. This paper takes the color appellations beginning with "¿I(red^S(white^M(black)^^(yellow)" as the research object, analyzes a large amount of corpus from the three aspects of male, female and neutral, and explores the gender cultural connotation contained in this part of _appellations._
АНАЛИЗ ГЕНДЕРНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ КИТАЙСКИХ ЦВЕТОАПЕЛЛЯЦИЙ
Лю Ликун
Лектор Университет Чанцзи Синьцзян, Китай
_О СТАТЬЕ_
Ключевые слова: Аннотация: Термины обращения используются
белый, черный, красный, для выражения личности, статуса и профессии имени желтый, обращения, адресата. В процессе исторического развития оно
гендерная культура. выделяет свою эмоциональную окраску, национальные и
временные особенности. В этой статье в качестве объекта исследования рассматриваются названия цветов, начинающиеся с «кан (красный), дин (белый), ханг (черный)», хн (желтый), и анализируется большое количество корпусов мужского, женского и нейтрального рода. Исследует культурные коннотации _гендера, представленные в этом разделе._
The so-called address forms, are the names used by people to express their various social relations and social roles. Addresses can generally be divided into two categories: kinship addresses and social addresses. The former mainly refers to kinship, while the latter involves people's identity, status, occupation and so on. Due to the complexity of kinship terms in Chinese, they have been discussed more. This paper mainly studies the social address terms including colors in modern Chinese, such as "^l^(matchmaker)", "M^(black horse)", "6^^$(angel in white)","^^(yellow cow)" and so on. Most of these words can only be used as back addresses, can not be used face to face.
Address terms usually contain certain social and cultural connotations, reflecting the interpersonal relationship in a specific communicative context. According to the corpus collected in " (Appellation Record)" and " «Ши^йШ» (Chinese Dictionary)", we find that
"^I(red^6(white^M(black^^(yellow)" prefix addresses account for the majo rity. And like other Chinese words, these appellations have distinct emotional color, national characteristics and times characteristics. In addition, there are some gender differences, and there may be prejudice and discrimination in the characterization and description of men or women.
I. Gender culture of color appellation
This paper mainly analyzes the color appellations from the perspective of gender differences. We divide the color appellations beginning with "^I(red^6(white^M(black^^(yellow)" into three aspects: male, female and neutral. Among them, some addresses may involve more than one aspect, and this kind of words will be analyzed with common meanings. It should be pointed out that "neutral" here does not refer to a SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: INITIATIVES OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE AND BUSINESS 69
morphological change of the word in linguistic terms, but to the situation in which it can be used regardless of gender.
1. The gendered culture of addressing predicates with the prefix "t(red)"
According to the basic cultural meaning of red, it is not difficult to find that in the male address terms, many beginning with the word "tl(red)" are used to represent the peasant rebel army, such as: Army, red head, red Jacket Army)" and so on.
Among them, "tl¥(Red Army)" is the abbreviation of the Chinese workers and peasants Red Army. During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, it was renamed by the Chinese Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army and other revolutionary armed forces after May 1928. Women in the Red Army were often referred to as "(^)tl^(Female Red Army)". However, there is a huge disparity between the number of men and women in the Red Army, with a ratio of 2,700 to 1. According to statistics, only about 30 women in the Red Army were enlisted to participate in the Long March. Therefore, the Red Army is classified as a male address here. Another example is "th^Red imp)", which is the Red Army's nickname for the little soldiers. A "tl^^^(Cardinal)" is a prelate in the Catholic Church who is appointed by the Pope, second only to the Pope, as a member of the House of Cardinals and assistant Pope. According to Catholic teaching, the clergy of the Church must be men, and women can only be nuns.
In the category of words for women, there are some names for women, such as: "tlllxtlHtlHtl^xtl^" etc.,all refer to women with good appearance. Among them, "t!^" comes from C^^i^^^i}} : "^^St!^", originally refers to women's costumes, here refers to beauty. "t!^" ancient refers to women engaged in textile and sewing work. The "tlW originally referred to the characters in the ancient literary work C^^iS}} . ^•^fi: "MMM^UMBt^, ^Sm^^^o " The matchmaker was
Cui Yingying's handmaiden, which facilitated the union of Yingying and Zhang Sheng. Later people used "tlW as a name for a warm-hearted person who helped others complete a happy marriage. Now it is also often compared to a person or organization who makes a match and makes things happen. Although the latter regardless of gender, but since ancient times, most of the people engaged in matchmaking are women, so here the "tlW is classified as a female address.
There are also some prefix "t(red)" predicates are neutral, simply have referential meaning, no gender orientation. Among them, there is praise for secular people, such as "tAxtftA", refers to the boss's favor or lucky career proud of the people. In
: WAfeo "(My uncle is a popular person
in Shanghai . He is too busy with his affairs). "^li^T" is used as a metaphor to refer to advanced people (both male and female). However, if the word "HA" is added in front of it, it will become "HA^tt^", which refers to excellent women. For example, "^Mft(red scarf)" is originally meant to be a red scarf, representing a corner of the red flag, which is the sign of the young pioneer players. Now it is the name of the primary school students who wear the red scarf. 2. The gender culture of addressing predicates with the prefix " S (white)" In a kind of male address, etc., are all good
names for people who have noble pursuit and are reclusive. Such as ^-^P/XCfl^A» : ^^S^Pffl" "S4HH"is used to describe a girl's ideal lover. "Sffi^^" refers to a young and inexperienced scholar who lacks practical training. And "SIIA" is the general name of eunuch's minions. For example, in SM^i^^i»
At present, there are very few female addresses with the prefix "S (white)", only three cases. is a laudatory title for nurses."S#M" is a sinister and cunning female
goblin who is good at disguising changes in Journey to the West. It is often used as a metaphor for sinister villains." S#M" has been given a new twist in online parlour, an acronym combining the first characters of In particular, it refers to the opera
"S^^", which was first performed in Yan 'an in 1945. It describes the story of Xi 'er, the daughter of tenant Yang Bailao, who was forced to flee to the mountains for many years and was rescued by the Eighth Route Army after her hair was all white.
Most of the prefixes "S(white)" are neutral. For example, is the
name of the medical staff fighting on the life-saving lifeline. Some of the addresses have a humble meaning. "ST" generally refers to a person without fame. Such as «IM^» tt^^ST" The "ST" here refers to those who are ignorant
or lacking in knowledge. Others have negative or even contemptible connotations. For example, "S^SfeJL" is a derogatory term for a person with low intelligence, stupidity and incompetence." refers to a person who can only eat but not work. Similarly,
we are familiar with the "S(white)" prefix of the address also "SUxSllNSf^i" and so on. In addition, " SM" refers to the staff engaged in mental work, " S^" refers to the master specializing in pasta work, and "S^" is the villain in Peking Opera and other dramas.
Also, " SA", which used to refer to women with white skin or people who owned nothing, now refers to Caucasians. There is no explicit gender bias in any of these terms.
3. The gender culture of addressing predicates with the prefix "M(black)"
Compared with "^l(red)" and "S (white)", there are fewer addresses beginning with
"M(black)". Among them, the male appellation is only "M^", which is a proxy for the palace guards. The ancient palace guards wore black clothes. For example, : The only female appellation is "M^^", which originally
refers to a bronze pearl, which is a very valuable jewelry variety. It can also be used to describe women. For example:
(When people think of 'black pearl' beauties, the first thing that comes to mind is Hollywood actress Halle Berry.)"
The rest are gender-neutral. For example, "MA" is used to refer to a black person. The term refers to the social strata of society that include thieves, swindlers,
thugs, prostitutes, etc. Similarly, the "MT^" is a prominent or powerful group of people with similar backgrounds of interest in a particular field. Crime is usually committed by terror, extortion, or other means. Another example is the "M^", which originally referred to a horse in racing whose strength and chances of winning were not clear. The latter is an unexpected winner in a race or election, or an unknown competitor who has made a good showing. The was a term used to refer to the five types of people (landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements and rightists) during the Chinese Cultural Revolution, as opposed to the The "M^" also refer to those who, for some reason, are afraid to show their
faces or are not registered on their household registration.
4. The gender culture of addressing predicates with the prefix "^(yellow)"
The "^(yellow)" prefix of male appellation, such as: "^HWi^", also known as "W^^I", refers to the official in charge of the emperor's chariots and horses in the Han Dynasty. Later generations referred to the emperor's son-in-law. This word comes from
The female terms of address include and "^^Y^". Among them,
refers to a woman who has not undergone sexual activity. "^^Y^" refers to a young girl who is not sensible (with a joking or insulting meaning). This is where the obvious sexualgender discrimination can be seen.
Similarly, we can also classify the prefix according to its neutral reference. For example, "^PM^ " refers to a young and ignorant child. "^P" originally referred to the beak of a baby bird, but later it came to mean a baby or a child. For example,
all refer to people who are old and longevous. ^^i^Ciilti-pointed out We can also see
M H ■
"^^S", where refers to the elderly. There are also"^^",
which are a kind of cattle, used to plow land or pull carts. The latter refers to that is,
people who buy at a low price and sell at a high price, reselling foreign exchange, train tickets, movie and drama tickets, etc. This is mainly because the charioteers in the old Chinese society wore yellow vests and did hard labor. They often rushed between railway stations and bus stations, so people often asked them to help buy tickets, also known as The "^ffÀ"
is the same as "è (ff) À"and "M (ff) À", according to the color of the different race. For example, the Chinese people belong to the yellow race.
II. Word formation motivation of color appellations
Vocabulary has national character. After thousands of years of development of Chinese language, the composition of color appellations has obvious emotional color, national characteristics, times characteristics and gender differences.
Firstly, In terms of the composition of color appellations, neutral appellations account for the vast majority. The neutral addresses starting with "¿I(red)xâ(white)xM(black)x^(yellow)" account for "47%, 58%, 67% and 70%" of the total, respectively. It can be seen that there is no natural relationship between color appellations and gender, but there may be some subtle changes under the influence of acquired environment. For example, in Chinese, there are more female addresses beginning with the word "^l(red)", which is mainly related to the fact that women like to wear bright colors and high saturation of red clothing.
Secondly, From the color address terms, it can be seen that the idea of disparaging women or children is obvious. Such as "^^^x^^T^x and so on.
In front of the "^I^(Red Army)" with a "^(female)" word, obviously put the gender factor in the first place, and men are not necessary, because in people's subconscious has formed a default, that is, only men can be well qualified for these jobs. Another example: "^^T^x "
is a derogatory name for children, mainly used to belittle or ridicule young ignorant children or young people. These color appellations reflect the ethical concepts of the Han nationality:
of elders and children, difference of respect and inferiority, preference for sons over daughters). At that time, women had a low status and were vassals of men.
Thirdly, the addresses containing colors were closely combined with national customs and infiltrated together. Red is a festive color in Chinese folk customs, often used for marriage, childbirth, the New Year festival and other festive days. Therefore, the person who makes a match between two people is called a "matchmaker". In the field of clothing, color became a means to distinguish between high and low. Red has long been the color of dignitaries, and the people often call the princes, nobles and rich families with Modern Chinese
also inherited the noble meaning of red, and now people call the favored people "^lA". In feudal China, white was the "^^¿^(color of the common people)", implying poverty and inferiority. In ancient times, the clothes of ordinary people could not be painted, so "S^" became a synonym for the common people.
III. Epilogue
Addresses are an important part of national culture and reflect national characteristics to some extent. Gender discrimination in Chinese color appellation is an objective existence, which reflects the ethic-based social relations in Chinese tradition to a large extent. Although the feudal era has long ended, the development of language is a relatively slow process, and some words obviously reflected in this cultural system are still active in contemporary Chinese, which on the one hand reflects the inheritance of language, on the other hand also reflects the stability and vitality of traditional culture.
References:
1. The Editorial Committee of the Great Chinese Dictionary, The Great Chinese Dictionary, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1986
2. Modern Chinese Dictionary, 7th edition, Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China, 2016
3. Cao Wei, "Addresses and Terms of Address in Modern Chinese", Journal of Jiangsu University (Social Sciences Edition), 2005
4. Wang Zhiqiang, "Sexism in Chinese Appellates", Chinese Journal, 2000
