CC BY
15
Section HUMAN DIVERSITY
77
3D Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Results revealed skeletal lesions including joint and infectious diseases, and mild and severe lesions of jaws and teeth. Possibly the first case of the agenesis of eight molars (congenitally missing four second molars and four third molars) was recorded in an adult male. Congenitally missing teeth other than the third molars are rarely observed in ancient human skeletal remains. Our results contribute an additional information on this rare trait in western Anatolians during the Hellenistic Period.
Key words: human skeletal remains, agenesis, Hellenistic Period, Anatolia
Contact information: Ozer Ismail, e-mail: iozer@ankara.edu.tr.
AN ANALYSIS OF PATRILATERAL KIN INVESTMENT BIASES
IN TWO PATRILOCAL KIPCHAK TURK POPULATIONS FROM KIRGIZSTAN
AND BASHKORTOSTAN
Pashos Alexander1, Kinjabaeva Gulnazira2, Ismailbekova Aksana1, Yuliya Absalyamova3, Niemitz Carsten4
Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale, Germany 2Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia
3Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
4Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
Kinship network structures are an important part of the human family and of nepotistic helping behavior. Matrilineal kinship links are universally stronger than patrilineal ones, at least in urban or modernized societies. In Sociobiology, the higher kin caregiving by matrilateral relatives, especially by the maternal grandmother and maternal aunts, is explained by the kin selection theory in combination with the paternity certainty hypothesis. A mother always knows that her child is genetically related to her, whereas in the male family line there is uncertainty of genetic relatedness and therefore more reluctance in child-care. Nevertheless, in some traditional societies (e.g., rural mainland Greece), patrilateral kin caregiving seems to be stronger than matrilateral one. This cannot be explained by the paternity certainty hypothesis; however, it might be a result of son-biased child investment. We focus on two Kipchak Turk populations, which are both patrilocal and assumed to still have a more or less traditional patriarchal family structure, in order to test the universality of kin caregiving structures and its evolutionary interpretation. In Kirgizstan, we found very strong patrilateral and patrilineal kin caregiving ties, in keeping with the patrilineal structure of the society. In Bashkortostan, by contrast, both matri- and patrilateral tendencies existed side by side. Overall, Bashkirs appear to be at an intermediate modernization level, characterized by stronger matrilineal family ties and matrilineal child-care.
Key words: asymmetric kin caregiving, kin selection, paternity certainty, matrilineal investment, patri-lateral bias, Kirgizstan, Bashkortostan
Contact information: Pashos Alexander, e-mail: pashos@eth.mpg.de.
19 Конгресс Европейской Антропологической Ассоциации МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова, Москва, 25-29 августа, 2014
Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ — 3/2014
