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UDC 619:616.1/4-085
AN ABATTOIR STUDY OF THE CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF OVARIES AND UTERINE TUBES IN SLAUGHTERED NON-PREGNANT COWS IN SULAIMANI PROVINCE
FARAIDOON ABDULSATTAR M. AMIN
Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sulaimani University,
Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region - Iraq
(Поступила в редакцию 09.11.2016)
Резюме. Сельскохозяйственные животные - это один из важнейших элементов экономики Иракского Курдистана в целом, а коровы, в частности, являются экономическим объектом, из которого народ Курдистана извлекает большую пользу. В статье представлены результаты изучения половых органов нестельных коров; у 206 (51 %) коров гениталии не имели выраженных патологических нарушений (с циклической активностью), в то время как у 30 (7,43 %) нестельных коров были обнаружены половые органы с выраженными аномалиями развития яичников и маточных труб. Настоящее исследование было проведено с целью установить микроскопические и макроскопические поражения врожденных аномалий яичников и маточных труб у нестельных коров, забитых на скотобойне в провинции Сулеймания Курдского автономного района Ирака.
Ключевые слова: патология, врожденная аномалия развития, яичники, маточные трубы, нестельные коровы.
Summary. Farm animals are one of the fundamental pillars of the economy of Kurdistan region in general, and cows in particular as an economical unit from which people of Kurdistan get great benefit. Non- pregnant genitalia from cows were examined; it was 206 (51 %) genitalia without gross pathological abnormalities (with cyclic activity) while 30 (7.43 %) were found non-pregnant genitaliawith gross congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes. The present study was conducted to determine the microscopic and macroscopic lesions of congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes in non-pregnant cows slaughtered at the abattoir of Sulaimani province, Kurdistan region Iraq.
Key words: Pathology, Congenital Malformation, Ovaries, Uterine tubes, non-pregnant cows.
ABSTRACT. The current study was conducted to address the pathological conditions of the congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes of cows slaughtered at the abattoir in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The pathologic conditions were objected to amacroscopic and microscopic examination of 404 samples of female genitalia collected from slaughtered non-pregnant cows. A Collection of female genitalia samples was conducted from February to September 2014 by visiting the "Qaragol" slaughterhouse twice a week. The organs were observed macroscopically for pathological abnormalities and stained tissues with Haematoxylin and eosin. They were examined under microscope for determination of the type of lesion present in the organ. Among the 404 genitalia samples collected from the non-pregnant animals, 206 (51 %) were found without gross pathological abnormalities (with cyclic activity) and the 30 (7.43 %) samples were found with gross congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes. Detected lesions in the ovaries and uterine tubes included paraovarian cysts 3.21 %, ovarian hypoplasia 1.98 %, ovarian agenesis 0.50 %, aplasia of uterine tube 0.99 %, segmental aplasia of uterine tube 0.50 % and accessory uterine tube 0.25 %. The his-topathological sections ofparaovarian cystwhich showed a single layer of tubal-type ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells resting on a thin layer of fibrous tissue, the section of ovarian hypoplasia showed lack of ovarian follicles and oocytes, which instead are replaced by bands fibrovascularstroma.The partial duplication of uterine tube was observed, which was about 6 cm from the uterotubal junction and extended distally for a distance of 4 cm that was found in right side of tracts. It was concluded that theparaovarian cysts were the most common congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes in non-pregnant cows.
INTRODUCTION. Farm animals are one of the fundamental pillars of the economy of Kurdistan region in general, and cows in particular as an economical unit from which people of Kurdistan get great bene-fit.Thus reproductive problem among cows have economic problems [27]. The basis for a successful cattle-breeding program is the efficient functioning of the entire reproductive system [21]. Abattoir surveys of cows genitalia invarious parts of the world provide useful information on the types and incidence or prevalence of the congenital abnormalities [10, 25]. According to A. Ali et al. [1] associated with a lack of functional structures related to the sexual cycles on the ovaries leading to true anoestrus that associated of congenital malformation of ovaries.
Abnormalities of uterine tubes of cows limit the transfer of male and female gametes may result in sterility or infertility. The gross abnormalities of the uterine tube like occlusion, aplasia and other micro-lesion which are not palpable per rectum and could be responsible for reproduction failure in farm animals, and
these tubular abnormalities may show repeat breeding of known or obscure etiology which requires bing confirmed by patecyn testing [23].
The present study was conducted to determine the microscopic and macroscopic lesions of congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes in non-pregnant cows slaughtered at the abattoir of Sulaimani province, Kurdistan region Iraq.
MATERIALS and METHOD. The study was conducted on 404 samples of nonpregnant cow's genitalia which were collected on two days of the week from a new slaughterhouse in "Qaragol" district in Sulaimani province. The data collection was carried out from February to September 2014. These samples were collected randomly from local breeds, the age of the animals was from 2-5 years and no information regarding the identity and history of the animals were included in this study. The samples were transported in a cool box to the laboratory of Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the College of Veterinary Medicine in the University of Sulaimani within three hours of the collection forgross pathological examination. The pregnant genitalia were excluded and all non-pregnant genitalia were examined visually for gross morphologicalor pathological abnormalities. Each ovary and uterine tubes of non-pregnant genitalia was carefully examined for the presence of different types of gross congenital malformation of ovaries and uterine tubes.
RESULTS. Non-pregnant genitalia from cows were examined: it was 206 (51 %) genitalia without gross pathological abnormalities (with cyclic activity) while 30 (7.43 %) were found non-pregnant genitalia with gross congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes. The different types of congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes in non-pregnant cows presented in Table 1.
T a b l e 1. Congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tube in cow's genitalia in the Sulaimani province
Congenital abnormalities R-side No. L-side No. Both side No. Total No. Percentage, % n=404
Paraovarian cyst 7 6 13 3.21
Ovarian agenesis 2 2 0.50
Ovarian Hypoplasia 3 5 8 1.98
Aplasia of the uterine tu be 1 3 4 0.99
Segmental aplasia of the uterine tube 1 1 2 0.50
Accessory uterine tube (Duplica tion of uterine tube) 1 1 0.25
Total 13 17 30 7.43
DISCUSSION. The present abattoir study has provided useful information on the types and prevalence of gross congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes of cows in Sulaimani region. Cows 30 genitalia (7.43 %) showed one or more congenital abnormalities in table 1 and lesions appear vary from country to country, from population of animal to another population, from year to year and from breed to breed [15, 16].
Paraovarian cysts in the present study reached 3.22 % from the total reproductive tracts, and the percentage is higher than the results reported by R. Ali et al. [2]; S. U. R. Chaudhari et al. [9]; M. Fathalla et al. [10]; F. Hatipoglu et al. [15] and K. Simenew et al. [25] which were 0.26 %, 2 %, 0.72 %, 1.81 %, 0.5 % respectively and lower than the rate reported by H. K. Kunbhar et al. [18] which was 15.4 %.
In Iraq, this rate is higher than the value of A. Ali et al. [1] and R. Ali et al. [3] which were 1.8 %, 2.29 % respectively and lower than the rate of A. F. Alwan et al. [5] and O.I. Azawi et al. [7] which were 10.04 %, 4.4 % respectively. This result is in agreement with L. H. Morris et al. [20] which is observed on mesovarian and mesosalpinx. They are grossly as visible as translucent vesicles on the broad ligament and 2 mm to 5 mmas in fig. 1. Their presence is very seldom of pathological consequence unless they impinge on the uterine tube. All paraovarian cysts are benign,with no negative effects on reproduction and fertility. It is one of the congenital anomalies correlated to mesosalpinx and does not interfere or affect the uterine tube [6]. On histopathological examination of paraovarian cysts in this study agreed with F. Hatipoglu et al. [15] which showed a single layer of tubal-type ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells resting on a thin layer of fibrous tissue as in fig. 2.
F i g. 1. Single para-ovarian paramesonephric cyst side in the F i g. 2. Paraovarian paramesonephric cyst, the section shows a right side, attached to the mesosalpinx single layer of tubal-type ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells
resting on a thin layer of fibrous tissue (H&E, 400X)
Ovarian agenesis can affect one or both ovaries as in fig. 3 and the associated tubular genitalia may be absent or under developed [6]. The percentage observed in present study is 0.50 %, which is associated with uterus unicornuas of the genital tract, while M. G. Fincher [12] reported three cases accompanied by an infantile genital tract and an absence of cyclical behavior. However there is no report in a recent study.
Ovarian hypoplasia is recorded as 1.98 % in the present study as in fig. 4. This value is higher than the finding of D. Herenda [16] which is 0.11 % while lower than the findings of S. U. R. Chaudhari et al. [9]; H. K. Kunbhar et al. [18] and X. B. Peng et al. [22] which are 2.20 % and 4.6 %, 21.6 % respectively.
F i g. 3. Ovarian agenesis F i g. 4. Showing the total ovarian hypoplasia in left side
small, smooth surface and lack of ovarian follicles
This variation in ovarian hypoplasia may be due to hereditary characters and other environmental factors such as body condition and the percentage of gonadal hypoplasia can be reduced by using only animals (both male and female) with normally developed sexual organs as breeding stock [8, 16]. According to I. Setter-gren [24] the total ovarian hypoplasia accompanied by small, smooth surface and lack of ovarian follicle, and E. S. E. Hafez et al. [13] described the common manifestations of cows with hypoplastic ovaries are failure of estrous cycles andpoorly developed secondary sex characteristics. Histopathologically in present study shows few inactive primordial ovarian follicles and related sex cords,which indicate arrest of embryologic development of the ovary as in fig. 6, 5 that is in agreement with K. McEntee [19] that the number of primordial follicles varied considerably from one area of the cortex to another in normal ovaries.
F i g. 5. Ovarian hypoplasia, the section shows lack of ovarian follicles and oocytes, which instead are replaced by bands of fibro vascularstro-ma. There are, however, few primoridal follicles (H&E,100X)
F i g. 6. Ovarian hypoplasia. The section shows few inactive primordial ovarian follicles and related sex cords, which indicate arrest of embryologic development of the ovary (H&E, 400X)
F i g. 7. Uterus unicornus and aplasia of uterine tubes F i g. 8. Segmental aplasia in the ampulla of the right side
of the uterine tube
Aplasia of the uterine tube, in this study is revealed as 0.99 % and in three cases it was unilaterally as in fig. 7, represented by uterus unicornuas which was associated with in complete development of the genital tract of cow's genitalia, this value in present study was nearly in agreement with the value of B. M. Kessy et al. [17] which was 0.1 %. W. Heinze [14] reported a case of ovarian and tubal agenesis in a calf, while in present study the aplasia of uterine tube is associated with cases of ovarian agenesis which are associated with uterus unicornuas of cows genitalia.
In this study, segmental aplasia of the uterine tube reaches 0.50 % which were identified unilaterally as in fig. 8. This rate of percentage is higher than the finding by B. M. Kessy et al. [17] which was (0.05 %), the tube had blind sac near the ampulla region, while T. Y. Tanabe et al. [26] recorded two cases of congenital malformation of uterine tubes in heifers that they had a total absence of both infundibulum.
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