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18TECHNICAL SCIENCES
AMORPHOUS SILICON AND PEROVSKITE BASED SOLAR CELLS
Ismoilov U.,
Independent researcher Siddikova S., Teacher of physics Komilov M., Master student Eraliyev A., Bachelor student Andijan State University Zulunova M., Bachelor student
Alijonov A.
Bachelor student Andijan machine building institute
Abstract
Much of the research currently being done in the field of solar cells is focused on improving amorphous silicon and perovskite-based solar cells.
Keywords: amorphous silicon, solar cell, perovskite, efficiency
Today, there are also flexible types of silicon-based solar cells (Figure 1) [1]. Flexible solar cells are mainly made of amorphous silicon [2].
The absorption coefficient of amorphous silicon is 10 times higher than that of crystalline silicon [3].
Therefore, the technology of coating the surface of crystalline silicon with thin amorphous silicon has been developed [4].
Figure 1. A flexible amorphous silicon-based solar cell
An amorphous silicon-based solar cell is shown in Figure 1. In this structure we can see the pin solar element [5]. Amorphous silicon-based solar cells are mostly thin. This is to reduce the amount of recombination of charge carriers formed in amorphous silicon [6]. We know that the rate of recombination of the light absorption coefficient is directly proportional to the base thickness of the solar cell. In order for a solar cell to
have a high efficiency, it must have high absorption and minimal recombination. For example, the optimal thickness for ordinary crystalline silicon-based solar cells is 170-250 microns [7]. Because its absorption coefficient is low. For an amorphous silicon-based solar cell, the optimal thickness is around 0.1-1 ^m [8]. Because amorphous silicon has a large amount of absorption and recombination [9].
500 600
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 2. Structural appearance of an amorphous silicon-based solar cell and the dependence of the external
quantum efficiency on the wavelength.
The efficiency of the structural amorphous silicon-based solar cell shown in Figure 2 is 9.77% [10]. Since the external quantum efficiency described in Figure 4.B depends on the light wavelength, the maximum quantum efficiency corresponds to a wavelength of 580 nm and has good efficiency in the 400-700 nm wavelength range. we can see.
By the 21st century, there has been a radical shift in the field of materials science. This is due to the discovery of a new semiconductor perovskite material. There are many types of perovskites. The most common of these is the ABX3 structural perovskite. This is because it can be used as an absorbent layer in solar cells. Metalammonium (MA), Formaidium (FA), Cs, Rb, B can be replaced by Pb2 + and X can be replaced by C1-, Br-, I-
Figure 3. ABX3 perovskitening structure Today, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has risen to 22%. This is due to the fact that the interest in him is
growing day by day.
Figure 4. Schematic and energy structure of the Perovskite solar cell.
Perovskite uses aluminum and gold as the contact received in the solar cells. Figure 4.a illustrates the structure of a simple perovskite solar element. In this case, HTL is a layer that conducts holes well, and ETL is a layer that conducts electrons well. By forming this layer, the amount of recombination is drastically reduced. Figure 4.b shows an energy diagram of a perovskite solar cell. We can see that 0.7 eV is used for the transfer of electrons from the perovskite to the ETL layer, and 0.18 eV for the transition of the cavity from the perovskite to the HTL, and this value is very small. This allows it to reach the contacts without losing energy.
References
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«DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WORLD»
Lediankina D.A.
Student,
direction " Electric power and electrical engineering», NUST MISIS,
Russia, Moscow
«РАЗВИТИЕ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКЕ В РОССИИ И МИРЕ»
Ледянкина Д. А.
Студентка,
направление «Электроэнергетика и электротехника», НИТУ «МИСиС»,
РФ, г. Москва
Abstract
The article is devoted to the main types of alternative energy sources and their development in the Russian Federation. In 2020, despite the pandemic and the lockdown of the economy, emissions of toxic substances into the atmosphere reached another record high. One of the solutions to this problem should be "green" power stations. The article shows the difference between renewable and alternative energy sources. An important emphasis is placed on the experience of other countries that are actively implementing "green" technologies in everyday life, and the possibility of using them in Russia. The article presents the forecasts of authoritative publications about the prospects of renewable energy sources.
Аннотация
Данная статья посвящена основным видам альтернативных источников энергии, их развитию в Российской Федерации. В 2020 году несмотря на пандемию и локдаун экономики выбросы токсичных веществ
