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УДК 374
Tursunova S. U. teacher history school № 12 Uzbekistan, Namangan
AMIR TEMUR A GREAT COMMANDER AND STATESMAN
Annotation: In this scientific article, Amir Temur and his activities, virtues are considered
Key words: history, struggle, culture, national, europe.
Amir Temur is a historical figure who has a great place in world history. After achieving independence, as a result of the tremendous work to restore historical justice and national pride of our people, a rich historical heritage and names of many great ancestors were revived. A special place in their row is occupied by the symbol of courage, courage and wisdom, national pride of our people Sahibkiran Amir Temur.
A wide range of issues related to military campaigns, life and activities of Amir Temur, was reflected not only in the studies of representatives of the domestic oriental and historical schools, but also in foreign literature. That's what the researcher-themeologist Harold Lamb writes about him in his book "Temur is the lord of the world": "For Europeans, his greatness seemed unearthly ... Everything, for whatever he undertook, brought success, and his name was Temur."
A lot of valuable works are written about Amir Temur and his contemporaries. These include Ruznomai Gazavaty Hinduston (Diary of a campaign to India) Giyasiddin Ali, Zafarname (The Book of Victories) Nizamuddin Shami and Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi, Azhayb al-Makdur fizarihi akhbori Temur (Miracles of Doom In the narrations about Temur ") Ibn Arabshah and others.
"Tuzuki Temuri" ("Temur's Code") plays a special role in studying the life and socio-political activities of Sakhikbiran - a rare historical work that has come down to us, which describes the autobiography and socio-political views of this outstanding statesman and military strategist on state governance and Army.
Creating a powerful centralized state, Sahibkiran, without racial and religious prejudices, did not shut himself up in his system of values and traditions, called for friendship, and, unlike his predecessors, patronized those who were devoted to science, culture and art. During his reign, and later the Temurids, there was a notable breakthrough in the development of the state, which in the world aspect was called the Temurid Renaissance.
Leafing the pages of the "Code", and today the reader admires the personal qualities and strong-willed character of Amir Temur. Here are just some of his sayings: "He reinforced his word with his deed and did not show any callousness to anyone, he did not show any sternness in any matter, so as not to be angry." He treated favorably with friends and foes ... If any of friends or enemies came To me
with a request, I treated my friends so much that their friendship grew even more, and to my enemies I had such an attitude that their enmity turned into friendship. " In "Ulozhenie" we also meet the well-known phrase of Amir Temur: "One enterprising, courageous, valiant, resolute and sensible person is better than a thousand careless and weak-willed ones, for one experienced commander commands thousands of people."
As the patron of science, culture and art, Amir Temur "honored scholars, sheikhs, sophisticated engineers and historians, considered them elected and worthy men, provided them with every kind of goodwill."
According to the testimony of his contemporaries - Ibn Khaldun, Hafizi Abru, Ibn Arabshah, Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi, he was a widely educated man and knew jurisprudence (al-fiqh), history, philosophy and poetry.
The historian Hafizi Abru also testifies that "Temur valued all knowledge that could bring practical benefit - medicine, astronomy and mathematics, but he paid special attention to architecture, well understanding the intricacies of building large structures, gave useful advice to builders." He made a great contribution to the restructuring of cities and the improvement of the country, which fell into decay as a result of many years of feudal disunity and internecine wars. In every possible way, he encouraged the initiative to revive the "dead lands" - at that time the abandoned sites were called. Persons who took up such a difficult and noble cause were granted certain privileges in the Temurids' state. In particular, the "Code" says: "... In the first year they were not charged anything, in the second year they were satisfied with what they were giving at their discretion, and only for the third year they were charged with kharaj (land tax) According to the norm established by law ".
Deserves attention and information about the support of the people in the era of Temur: "I still ordered: every merchant who has lost his capital, to issue from the treasury enough money to restore his position, a farmer and a citizen who do not have the opportunity and the power to engage in agriculture, And seeds for sowing .If someone has a house collapsed and he is not able to build a new one, provide the building material and the necessary help."
From "Ulozhenie" it is also known that Amir Temur "ordered that in every city and village mosques, madrassas and khanaks, hospitals for sick people be built and doctors assigned there." He ordered to build roads on the roads, and to bridge bridges over the rivers."
Of particular importance for Amir Temur and Temurids was the development of medical knowledge, the construction of sanative and hygienic purposes. Popular popular sports and folk games such as kurash, horse riding, goatskin - kupkari, snipe, archery, and much more have become widespread.
The memory of Amir Temur is a memory of our great ancestors. Every year Sakhibkiran's birthday is widely celebrated in the country. Translated and published literary sources, scientific and popular books. In Tashkent, Shakhrisabz, Samarkand, majestic monuments have been erected, a square, a prospectus and a metro station, institutions of culture and schools in different cities of the republic are named after him. The Amir Temur Order was established. A real business card and pride of our
capital was the State Museum of History of the Temurids, built on the initiative of the head of state.
One of the greatest personalities in the history of mankind, the life and activities of the "Savior of Europe," as Amir Temur is called in a number of European chronicles, attract more and more researchers, artists and culture outside of Uzbekistan. In the fifty-odd countries today, the scientists-topicologists are conducting research. Over the past 600 years, Amir Temur has published over 900 books in European and more than 1,000 books in Eastern languages. In Paris (1996, 2006), Brussels (2006), Madrid, the Spanish city of Alcala de Henares (2006), scientific conferences devoted to his anniversaries were held.
The words "Justice", "Education", "Honor" and "Friendliness" carved on the outer wall of the building of the State Museum of Temurids in Tashkent reflect today the essence and significance of the policy pursued by the head of our state, the noble goals of the people of Uzbekistan. In the heritage of our great ancestor, our courageous, generous, pure soul and industrious people draw strength and energy for building a state with a great future.
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