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AGROTOURISM AND GEOGRAPHICAL POSSIBILITIES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
Section 1. Biology
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-5.6-3-4
Yakubjanova Shokhsanam Toshkanboyevna, Sultanova Nodirakhon Burkhonovna, Ermatova Nilufar Nuraliyevna, Tashkent state pedagogical university named after Nizami E-mail [email protected] Kuchkarova Rano Tulaganovna, Middle Chirchik Agroindustry professional college
AGROTOURISM AND GEOGRAPHICAL POSSIBILITIES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: In the article agrotourism problems and developing factors in the territory of Uzbekistan are given and analyzed national holidays belong to every season.
Keywords: agrotourism, holidays, income, production, tourism, farming, rural, agriculture, travel, quality, resting.
Introduction
The tourism is one of the speed developing and income branches of the public economy. Today it forms one of 9 worker places in production, attracts of11% international investment embedding and forms 1/10 parts of the world gross product. In all over the world on profitability the tourism occupies 3rd place after oil business and auto car industry. For many countries of the world tourism became forward economical factor, moreover income from tourism are growing every day. In 2006, on ITO data an annual financial turn in the world formed about 846 billion USA dollars and this branch provided the workers places about 385 million people. The whole amount of tourists has formed about 876 million people. By tourism in addition in every minute about 24 persons are provided with work.
Results and discussion
In the first years of independence in Uzbekistan, that in 1992 it was organized tourist company of "Uzbektourism", which stimulated the development of all branches of the tourism in the country. The legal aspects of the development of the tourist business, the market of the tourism were worked out, it was determined the forms of the tourist service and subject of the tourism. For protection of the consumer rights of tourists and subjects of the tourist business on April 15, 1999 were accepted a state program of "Development of the tourism in Uzbekistan until 2005", but on August 20, 1999 it was accepted the law of "About tourism", that stimulated the formations more than 600 tourist companies, 100 private hotels and holiday hotels.
The republic is proud of the tourist complexes and bases of "Chimgan", "Beldersay", "Sanzar" and "Kumushkan". Uzbekistan became as the member of international touristic organization — ITO, including of 120 countries of the world, as well as enters into filial of European commission in this organization.
The speed growing of the touristic business in Uzbekistan has brought the new types of tourism. In regions, possessing with biodiversity ofnatural complexes, the eco tourism became to develop in places with valuable of oro hydrological conditions — an extreme tourism. But in spite of the century-old traditions in the field of agriculture, a new type of the tourism — agrotourism is still not developed.
Uzbekistan possesses the enormous possibility for formation and development of agrotourism. Firstly, it is an agrarian country, where more than 60% population lives in the village. Secondly, amount of farming economy exceeds to 43,7 thousands and they possess about 889,7 thousands/hectare of irrigated lands. Thirdly, the economic transformation in agriculture has been taken broad scales. So, for instance, agro section gives about 30% VVP, % of currency arrivals, on its share it is about more than 70% internal trade turnover. Together with that factor of the ploughed fields on per head it forms whole 0,16 hectare, that it is one of the most low rate amongst countries of ICC. The job placement of the population in agrarian sector it is also low from all branches of the economy of the country. So development of the tourism sphere and services in the village are being developed in the row of the actual national problems (The state program of the development and improvement to 2009 year).
Uzbekistan is one of the ancient centers of the agriculture. In the territory of the Republic three thousand years ago corn, melon, grapes were already cultivated. The high culture of the agriculture had conditioned the appearance of an original public holidays and customs, in accordance with agricultural production. These traditions are national pride and, naturally, can attract attention not only people of the country, but also foreign tourists.
Agrotourism as special type ofthe tourism began to develop in 70-s years of XX century. In Italy, in 1985 even the special law was accepted
Section 1. Biology
about formation and development of agrotourism. Aposition about supporting offarming economy, concerning with agrotourism was strengthened in the law. So, for instance, for them it was created a condition for free reception of information, favorable taxation. That is why, the agrotourism branch developed quickly. If the farming economy accepted about 550 thousands tourists in the province ofltaly in 1985, and in 1999 their quantity increased to 2 million people. Clear profit from agrotourism formed about 350 million USA dollars. This gave an appreciable push for formation an independent branch of agrotourism and promoted its development in the Western Europe — Germany, France and Ireland, then in the east its part is Poland, Czech, Bulgaria, Ukraine and Russia.
On the terminology, the term of "agro" belongs to the land, land usage. It is used in the regulation of land attitudes. But in practice it is not so. Some researchers (Fransua Muane, 1993) name the agro tourism as a rural, farming or farmer tourism, that it is not a large mistake. In the determined situations some elements change their own interpretations and contents. For instance, this may be geography, which was originally understood as scene of the Land or its surface. On modern understanding, it is not only expressed as the terrestrial surface, but also studies the complex processes and phenomena of climatic, hydrologic, geologic particularities.
Many researchers (Tuchliev, Abdullaeva, 2006) separate the agro tourism into two parts — rural and farming. The rural tourism — to introduce travelers with long distant villages and auls and others. But farming tourism is a location of tourists in the houses of farmers. With such interpretation it is impossible to agree, that to classify the tourism with residence is not accepted (Yakubjanova, 2009).
In our opinion on narrow notion, an agrotourism is travelling to the agrarian sectors. On the broad notion, the agro tourism is a travelling as the aim ofresting, health restoration, to deal with sports, whole upbringing tasks, to introduce with agriculture producing, realization of production and cultured plants in village conditions.
The purpose of agro tourism is to use widely from touristic possibilities in the agriculture. For realization of these purposes in Uzbekistan, it is necessary to solve the following tasks in the field of agrotourism:
- studying of the international experience;
- making the legal basis;
- to create the national conception of the development;
- working out the state programs of the development and plan of practical realization;
- development of universally recognized scientific bases;
- creation of state standards of continuously education and upbringing;
- creation of enlightenment and spirituality;
- strengthening of economical bases;
- formation of the credit system;
- development of mechanisms of control;
- formation of propagandas and advertisements;
- creation the web sites in Internet.
As a object of agrotourism which attracting tourists and causing their interests to journey, it is possible to bring the followings: ethnographic phenomena, connected with rural labor and products of the agriculture; technology of producing the cultures, collection, keeping and realization of products; national particularities, connected with vital activity of the rural population (holidays, customs, culture); a special way of the realization ofproducts; agrofirms, agrarian factories, and the forms of their works.
The objects of agrotourism must answer the following requirements: to be connected with production, conversion and realization of agricultural products; has a special type; has a possess to possibility of the spending the night and employment of travelers for 24 hours.
To object of agrotourism we can say that agrocomplexes, including arable lands, cattle-breeding complexes, including fishing, bee keeping, poultry farming. The special interest of agro tourists presents the national holidays and celebrations. To such celebrations, it is possible to refer: holidays of "Navruz" (the new day), "Sumalak holiday", connected with renovation of the nature and coming of the spring time; "Water holiday", "Mulberry holiday", connected with tradition of the spring time and summer, "Mehrjon", "Hosil (harvest)", "Melon holiday", "Grape holiday", "Pomgranate holiday", signifying fertility and abundance; "Sust khotin", "Bibi sehanba", connected with superstition and religious beliefs. During the many ages these holidays are celebrated in Khorezm, Baysun, Karshi, Zamin, Farish and other regions of the country. Respect of water objects, as the source of living in arid (desert) conditions, is celebrated in holidays of "Kuli Kubbon" in Shakhimardan, "Peshkiron" in Namangan, "Water springs (Suv chashmalari)" in Urgut.
To particularities of agrotouristic objects we can show the fol-lowings: beauty of national customs in rural locality; the special types of irrigation and melioration; cultivating of unusual agricultural cultures; keeping, processing, and realization of products; the relationship of agrotourism with the other types of touristic activity.
Each locality saves its own traditions on agriculture. Rice is grown in Karakalpakistan and Khorezm regions. Kenaf is cultured in Chirchik valley, tobacco in Urgut district of Samarkand region. Particularly, valuable in the world auctions, that KapaKyA skin is from "Surkhon suri", black "Jongeldi" is from Bukhara region, "Zarmalla" is from Nurata district, "Janbaskal'a" is from Karakalpakistan are received from Uzbekistan sheep.
References:
1. Luchenok S. A. Agro tourism: world experience and development in the Republic of Belarus. Publishers: Belarus state economical university, - 2008.
2. Marie Piya Radzhonieri, Marko Valletta. Agro ecological right of the European Union and Italy. - M.: "Statut", - 2006. - P. 131.
3. Fransua Muane. Rural tourism. - Paris: Agrikol, - 1993.
4. Tukhliev N., Abdullaeva T. National models of the development of the tourism. The State scientific publishers: "Uzbekistan national encyclopedia". - T. - 2006.
5. Karabaev U. "Holidays of Uzbek people" "Sharq". - T. - 2002.
