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4mathematical education for students of secondary specialized educational institutions. This approach allowed us to develop a methodology for the formation of mathematical concepts, learning to prove theorems and solving problems using interactive models and new forms of learning, such as computer workshops and remote computer lectures, determine the organization of extracurricular independent work of students using remote technologies and develop methods for practice.
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Shanavazov M.Sh.
Master student 1 course, faculty of managment Dagestan State University Russian Federation, Republic of Dagestan, the city of Makhachkala AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX UNDER CONDITIONS OF CONTRACTING UPGRADE
Abstract: This article discusses the main problems and ways of modernization of agriculture, systematizes the negative aspects hindering the development of this industry. The economic mechanism of modernization has been developed and proposed, highlighting areas of innovation development.
Keywords: Agriculture, problems of development, modernization.
The state of all the possibilities of the national economy is mainly determined by the development of agriculture, the degree of security of the region in terms of food, and the country in general, but the problems arising from its development are ambiguous and not studied sufficiently, and systematization is necessary in future agricultural development plans. This topic is important because the creation of mechanisms for the development of agriculture requires some scientific substantiation. Also in recent years, equipment and technology are quite outdated, the capacity decreased. Reforming and restructuring is very difficult and slow. The problem of maintaining the stable functioning of agricultural enterprises is difficult to predict, especially if it is caused by external factors that are difficult to manage by the enterprise. The analysis of these problems shows that research in this area is rather persistent, but the attention of researchers is mainly focused on its financial and economic aspects.
Agriculture is the most important sector of the Russian economy. Its share
in the gross domestic product is about 4.2%. With the modernization of agriculture, many problems have been identified that are solved depending on future progress. This is the development of material and technical base. Technological re-equipment of the sector, which requires investment, and the formation of a modern innovation system of the sector; Social settlement of the village and changes in the rural economy; increasing non-farm employment in order to ensure the flow of qualified personnel in the village, and employment of agricultural workers who are released during the modernization. There are also other systemic problems that hinder the development of this sector, such as: 1. Expensive fuel. 2. High customs duties on agricultural equipment. One of the reasons for the low productivity of agriculture is the high physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets. The lack of free cash flow does not allow many enterprises to conduct a full technical and technological modernization of fixed assets. Modernization of agriculture and related industries is considered by the government as one of the priorities of the socio-economic policy. This is evidenced by the adoption in 2006 of the Federal Law "On the Development of Agriculture", the implementation of the 2013-2020 priority national project "Development of the AIC". The main goal of the Doctrine is the independent provision of the country with high-quality agricultural products, food products and raw materials at a level of at least 80% of demand, as well as the most significant products such as meat and milk - at the level of 85-90%. We have embarked on a course of modernization of livestock farms, an increase in the genetic potential of livestock productivity is already bringing results. The dynamics are visible from the following data.
Since January 1, 2016, the livestock population of cattle in farms of all categories was estimated at 19.2 million heads or 98% compared with January 1, 2015, including 8.3 million heads of cows or 97.5%. The number of pigs compared to the same date in 2015 was 20.9 million heads, or 107%, sheep and goats - 24.7 million heads, or 100%, birds - 547.9 million heads or 103.9% .
The main increase in the production of livestock and poultry for slaughter was achieved by increasing the production of poultry meat (8%) and pigs (4.5%).Production of sheep and goats in live weight increased slightly, cattle decreased by 1%. As for state support for agricultural production and social development of the village, in 2017 grants in the amount of 35,730.9 million rubles were provided. The volume of state support for Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is currently sufficient to meet current and planned projects for the development and modernization of agriculture in the framework of the State Program. Energy prices in the modern economy are a major factor in increasing costs. If the direct cost of fuel in the cost of production goes up to 15-20%, energy resources (if you count all the technological chains of balance of the economy) - 75-80%. The consumption of various types of energy in agriculture is growing under the influence of the growth of plant growing and animal husbandry, mechanization, and an increase in energy consumption in the housing and communal sector of rural areas. Along with all the above listed
measures of innovative nature are most important. The existing structure of investment and innovation in agriculture is in its infancy. There are four main areas of agricultural innovation development that should be developed for its sustainable development: 1) selection and genetic; 2) production and technology; 3) organizational and managerial; 4) socially ecological sphere. An in-depth analysis of the innovative development of agriculture allowed the development of an economic mechanism for the modernization of agriculture. Thus, the priority for the near future for the state will be: - improvement of land legislation; -Development of programs for the creation of infrastructure and logistics of the agricultural market. Capacity for grain storage; the system will work to cover catastrophic losses in agricultural production; - Development of regional "agro-industrial parks". They will include processing facilities, logistics centers, wholesale and retail markets, warehouses, transportation services. Here are some of the results of forecasting the dynamics and structural changes in the agriculture of the Russian Federation. Russia has a strong competitive advantage: huge tracts of land, including the most fertile black soil, water availability, a variety of climatic zones.
From the above, I conclude that the main obstacles to agriculture in Russia are the following reasons: Climate. Only in 30% of the Russian lands there are good areas with predictable conditions that contribute to almost no risk agriculture. Financing. Strong level of wear and lack of agricultural machinery. As well as the human factor. These include management and knowledge.
Electronic sources:
1. Federal State Statistics Service: [official site]. URL: http://www. gks.ru/
2. Information guide on measures and directions of state support of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.gp.specagro.ru
3. Market research [Electronic resource]. URL: http ://expertrating.ru/ marketing_research/index.php?ukey=home
4. Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation: [official Internet portal]. URL: http://www.mcx.ru/news/news/show/46928.355.htm
5. On the distribution in 2017 of subsidies for the support of agriculture [Electronic resource]. URL: http:// government.ru/docs/16916/#sel
6. The main problems of agriculture in Russia [Electronic resource]. URL: http://agroinfo.com/glavnye-problemy-selskogo-xozyajstva-rossii/
