CC BY
20UDC 330.3
AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA: DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Korotkikh Yuliya Sergeevna, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Ryabchikova Vera Georgievna, Senior Lecturer; Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia.
Abstract: Currently, digital technologies and opportunities are being introduced into almost every sphere of the economy. Agriculture is no exception, but running this business using digital technologies requires a special approach, since it is one of the most vulnerable, as it directly depends on weather conditions and where it is impossible to structure all business processes in advance. Drought, excess moisture, and suboptimal application of fertilizers require immediate intervention in the production of agricultural products. When plant diseases occur, it is not always easy and accurate to determine its cause for timely decisionmaking in order to prevent a high proportion of crop loss. The main task of information technologies is the maximum automation of all stages of the production cycle to reduce losses and increase the production of agricultural products. This paper outlines the application of digital technologies in agriculture on the territory of the Russian Federation and presents the rating of demand for digital technologies in our country. The developed countries have been compared in terms of digitalization of agriculture industry.
Keywords: agriculture, digitalization, agro-industrial complex, automation, agricultural producers, IT-technologies, output yield.
АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС РОССИИ: ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ
Коротких Юлия Сергеевна, кандидат экономических наук, старший преподаватель,
Рябчикова Вера Георгиевна, преподаватель; ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева, Москва, Российская Федерация
Аннотация: В настоящее время цифровые технологии и возможности внедряются практически в каждую сферу экономики. Сельское хозяйство не является исключением, однако ведение данного бизнеса с применением цифровых технологий требует особого подхода, так как он является одним из самым уязвимых, из-за прямой зависимости от погодных условий и невозможности структурировать все бизнес-процессы заранее. Немедленного вмешательства в производство сельскохозяйственной продукции требуют засуха, избыток влаги, неоптимальное внесение количества удобрений. При возникновении болезней растений не всегда легко и точно можно определить ее причину для своевременного принятия решений, чтобы не допустить высокой доли потери урожая. Основной задачей информационных технологий является максимальная автоматизация всех этапов производственного цикла для сокращения потерь, повышения производства сельскохозяйственной продукции. В статье проведен анализ применения цифровых технологий в сельском хозяйстве на территории Российской Федерации, представлен рейтинг востребованности цифровых технологий на территории нашей страны. Приведено сравнение с развитыми странами по цифровизации сельского хозяйства.
Ключевые слова: сельское хозяйство, цифровизация, АПК, автоматизация, сель-хозтоваропризводители, IT-технологии, урожай.
Для цитирования: Коротких, Ю. С. Агропромышленный комплекс России: Цифровая трансформация / Ю. С. Коротких, В. Г. Рябчикова. - Текст : электронный // Наука без границ. - 2021. - № 8 (60). -С. 24-28. - URL: https://nauka-bez-gramc.ru/№-8-60-2021/8-60-2021/
For citation: Korotkikh Yu.S., RyabChikova V.G. Agroindustrial Complex of Russia: Digital Transformation // Scince without borders, 2021, no. 8 (60), pp. 24-28.
Over the recent years, agriculture has seen an increase in demand for digital technologies and smart agriculture. However, while 70% of farms in Western Europe, Canada and the United States already use intelligent technologies for agriculture, the share of farms in Russia that use the Internet and precision farming, does not reach 10%. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, our country ranks 15th in the world by the level of digitalization of agriculture [1].
The technologies of agriculture with data support include sensors, communication, data storage, aggregation and analytics, IT technologies and mobile platforms. Currently, there are no complex IT technologies on the Russian market, which have a proven track record and can be massively implemented in each farm. In addition, the available digital technologies often solve narrow point tasks within a single organization, not a region.
Agriculture is the most vulnerable business, as it depends directly on weather conditions and it is where you cannot structure all business processes in advance. Immediate intervention in agricultural production is required by drought, excess moisture and suboptimal fertilizer treatment. In the case of unexpected plant diseases and lack of information, it is not always easy to determine the cause for timely decision-making to prevent a high share of the crop [2].
Digital technology in agriculture can control 2/3 of the factors affecting yield
losses. The main task of information technologies is maximum automation of all stages of the production cycle to reduce losses and increase agricultural production. The information system is able to create recommendations for processing and care of plants or instructions for automatic execution by robotic technology [3].
In our country, the labor productivity lag in agriculture is 3 times lower than in Germany and more than 20 times lower than in the United States, which is due to the low level of mechanization, use of plant protection products, as well as a large share of farmers and individual entrepreneurs who do not have the financial resources to purchase new equipment and use the connected equipment, insufficient knowledge in the creation and use of information technologies. In addition, the issue of coverage of agricultural areas by Internet networks remains unsolved.
Digitalization can increase the productivity of production processes by monitoring the implementation of technological operations. In addition, such systems allow you to speed up the internal document flow within organizations.
On an industrial scale, this kind of technology application is available to large agricultural holdings that solve narrow point tasks within a single enterprise. To solve the problems of applying innovative technologies in agriculture at the regional level and to introduce digitalization in medium and small forms of management, the most
promising solution is interaction with machine-technological stations. The equipment of machine-technological stations with innovative technologies will allow providing not only mechanized services to agricultural producers, but also ensuring the loading of the full cycle of the production process using digital technologies, which will be aimed at improving the quality of manufactured products, increasing the efficiency of resource use.
The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia has developed the Digital Agriculture project with the implementation period 2019-2024. The main goal of the project is the introduction of digital technologies
and platform solutions that provide a technological breakthrough in the agro-industrial complex and achieve a 2-fold increase in productivity by 2024. The share of organizations in the agro-industrial complex that use Internet technologies of things, precision agriculture, digital herd in 2018 was less than 1%. It is projected that by 2021 it will reach 20%, and by 2024 - 60%. The share of coverage by various communication technologies of agricultural land in 2018 was 10%. By 2021, it is planned to cover 30%, and by 2024 - 70% [3].
Figure 1 shows the rating of demand for digital technologies in agriculture.
Figure 1 - Rating of digital technology demand in agriculture, score (0-100)
Source: Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kuban State Agrarian University" based on the results of a survey of agricultural producer
The implementation of this program in agriculture involves the widespread use of robots to collect and analyze information on soil conditions and create a common countrywide interactive soil
map. This approach to agriculture will facilitate efficient fertilizer application, increase yields and attract young IT specialists to agriculture.
The Government Programme
provides for integration with digitalization programmes in various sectors. For example, with logistics cargo transportation, which will ensure product export development and form a platform for end-to-end digital solutions
[3].
In addition to the tasks related to the digitization of agricultural land, the Russian Agrarian Department has a task to convert all public services into electronic form by 2024, such as receiving subsidies and soft loans. With the help of the Unified Information System, agricultural producers will be able to receive and process various types of state support, learn about their status, receive funding and submit reports on its use.
Digitalization in agriculture allows you to create complex automated production and logistics chains that cover retail chains, wholesale trading companies, logistics, agricultural producers and their suppliers in a single process with adaptive management [4].
Despite the intensive introduction of digital technologies in agriculture in the last year, it is not possible to completely transfer agricultural production to remote digital production, due to the specifics of the industry, since all the main work
takes place in the fields.
Therefore, further digitalization of the agro-industrial complex should be carried out in a symbiosis between online (technological solutions) and off-line (work of specialists in the field in the "fields").
Despite the intensive introduction of digital technologies in agriculture over the past year, it is not possible to completely transfer agricultural production to remote digital production, due to the specifics of the industry, since all the main work takes place in the fields. For example, the installation and adjustment of agricultural machinery is often impossible to carry out remotely, this requires the territorial movement of service personnel. In addition, due to poor Internet coverage in rural areas, the lack of free funds from small and medium-sized businesses for the purchase of such technologies that could be used in the full cycle of agricultural production and the lack of highly qualified personnel does not allow the full use of new digital solutions.
We believe that it is more effective to conduct agricultural production using digital technologies in a symbiosis between online and off-line technologies.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
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2. Коротких, Ю. С. Информационные системы автотранспортных предприятий / Ю. С. Коротких. - М.: ООО "Автограф", 2018. - 225 с. - Текст : непосредственный.
3. Федоренко, В. Ф. Цифровое сельское хозяйство: состояние и перспективы развития: науч.издание / В. Ф. Федоренко, Н. П. Мишуров, Д. С. Буклагин, В. Я. Гольтяпин, И. Г. Голубев. - М.: ФГБНУ «Росинформагротех», 2019. - 316 с.
4. Коротких, Ю. С. Цифровые технологии как вектор стратегического развития в сельскохозяйственном производстве / Ю. С. Коротких. - Текст : непосредственный //
В сборнике: Доклады ТСХА, 2020. - С. 236-240.
5. Коротких, Ю. С. Цифровые возможности сельского хозяйства в период пандемии / Ю. С. Коротких. - Текст : непосредственный // Образование и право. - 2020. -№ 11. - С. 389-392.
REFERENCES
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Материал поступил в редакцию 17.08.2021 © Коротких Ю.С., Рябчикова В.Г., 2021
