CC BY
58
UDC 631.15
AGROFOOD FIELD OF UKRAINE
Dobrjanskaja N.A., Candidate of Economic Sciences Popovich V.V., Candidate of Economic Sciences Odessa State Agrarian University, Odessa, Ukraine E-mail: semen-198@te. net. ua
ABSTRACT
The state of the art and problems of evolution of an agrofood field is observed. Dynamics of manufacturing and milk consumption in Ukraine is analyzed. Principal causes of a low level of consumption of milk are fixed.
KEY WORDS
Agrofood field; Milk cattle breeding; Manufacturing; Milk consumption; Efficiency.
The cattle breeding is the major branch of animal husbandry. There are several reasons of the formed situation in animal husbandry. At first, for years of reforms the rise in prices for the electric power, agricultural machinery, lubricants, production equipment for stock-rearing farms, feedstuff and feed additives considerably outran a rise in prices for agricultural products. Secondly, converting and trade enterprises purchase prices, thus a selling price exclusively fixed did not ensure reimbursing of expenditures for manufacturing. Thirdly, sharp cutting-down of the state support and rise in price of credit resourses have led to collapse of a potential production of animal husbandry, transition to primitive technics with growth of inputs of work and production net costs. Fourthly, lack of money resources for facilities has sharply reduced implementation of young breeders and agency of the pedigree operations on a commodity production. As a result many facilities do not perform qualitative reconditioning of flock, and high-priced on genetical potential the cattle is implemented on meat. Fifthly, uncontrolled import of the food has made negative impact not only on a domestic commodity producer, but also on saturation capacity of the market, determining a price situation on him. The matter is that as well imperfect state customs policy.
THE ANALYSES OF RESEARCHES
Problems of evolution of a competitive agrofood field were studied by such Ukrainian scientists, as M.J.Malik, P.T.Sabluk,U.F.Melnik, V.J.Mesel-Veseljak, M.V.Zos-Kior and other scientists. But many unsolved problems of evolution of branch and its reconstruction still remain. Paper purpose consists in detection of paths of accretion of production of an agrofood field as a whole across Ukraine and development of measures on support of evolution of branch.
RESULTS OF RESEARCHES
The milk manufacture in Ukraine is augmented, and consumption remains to one of the lowest in Europe. Despite lacking privileges and livestock cutting-down, a milk manufacture in Ukraine grows. But Ukrainians consume it a little - in one and a half time less than, for example, Russians. Heavy prices for milk food and stereotypes about their poor quality prevent.
In 2012 in Ukraine the milk manufacture of all aspects has notably grown. So, for January-April, 2012 volumes of production were augmented by 2,8 % year by a year. Experts of the company Tetra Pack claim, that the milk manufacture is augmented at the expense of decrease of a fraction of facilities of a private sector and increasing of a fraction of farms, where efficiency above.
With milk increase in production in Ukraine prolongs to decrease quantity of a livestock (for January-April, 2012 on 1,2 %, to 2624 thousand goal.). Purchase prices of the milk, fixed for quotients household, can be in times more low, than for agricultural productions. Furthermore a capital recovery factor of a milk manufacture has decreased after a cancellation of subsidies in 2011. Milk increase in production in country was ensured with agricultural productions: in January-April the increase in them has compounded 14,7 % whereas in facilities of the population decay on 0,8 % has been noted. Today investors insert tools in large goods manufacturing with account, that from the cow will gain not 3, and more narrow 5,5-6 tons of milk a year. In Ukraine at last there was an understanding of that should gain qualitative commodity from which one it is possible to get out not only on domestic on a runout, but also on international the markets. Capital recovery factor of a milk manufacture in 2011 has decreased on the average from 27 % to 17 %. But the landslide of purchase prices this year forces producers to work is unprofitable. It is possible to speak about attractiveness of business, if the purchase price of milk was 4,5-5 hryvna /l (in 2012 - 3,1-2,6 hryvna./l).
7,24 7,25 7,22 7,17
7,14
7,01
6,69 6,68 6,66 6,63 6,64*
5,13
5,35
5,43 5,48 55
5,65 5,64 5,63
▲
5,59
▲--------▲-------▲
55 5,52 5,49 5,49 5,51
july.11 aug.11 sept.11 oct.11 nov.11 dec.11 jan.12 febr.12march.12april.12may.12june.12july.12 aug.12 sept.12 oct.12
Clearance price of milk the agricultural enterprises (without the VAT) hryvna/kg The price of producers (without the VAT) hryvna/kg The price of milk in the grocery markets, hryvna /l
* a status for 30.10.2012
Figure 1 - Price development on milk in Ukraine
The prices milkprocessing industry in September, 2012 compounded 5,51 hryvna /kg, or on 3,0 % it is more than in September, 2011, apparently about fig. 1. The average price of implementation of milk the agricultural operations in September, 2012 compounded 2,51 hryvna /kg (without the VAT), that on 24,9% it is less than for a relevant period of the last year. In comparison with August of a current year the milk clearance price the agricultural operations in September has grown on 0,8%. As fig. 2 stands, in January - September, 2012 all grades of facilities is effected 8948,4 thousand permanently delete milk, that on 2,6 % it is more than in January - September, 2012. The milk manufacture the agricultural operations in January - September, 2012 compounded 1974,3 thousand permanently delete, that on 13,4 % it is more than for a relevant period of 2012.
216,4 208,0 187,0 1 72,0 163,8 1 77,6 1 78,5
175 3 212,5 218,4
215,6
july.11 aug.11 sept.11 oct.11 nov.11 dec.11 jan.12 febr.12 march.12april.12 may.12 june.12 july.12 aug.12 sept.12
Milk manufacture by the agricultural enterprises, thousand tons
Milk manufacture by the population farm units, thousand tons Milk manufacture by all types of farm units, thousand tons
Figure 2 - The changes of a milk manufacture in Ukraine
According to sizes of consumption of milk commodity Ukraine occupies one of last places among the European countries. On the average one Ukrainian consumes about 34 litres of milk a year (not including other milk food), that almost four times it is less, than in Finland, and in 1,5 times it is less, than in Russia.
Ukrainians consume not enough milk and milk food. As of today a consumption level of the produced commodity in Ukraine below recommended approximately on 30 %. According to international advisories, the adult person should consume the order of milk of 700 ml and milk food in day.
The subsequent years the trend even will gain in strength. For 2011-2014 consumption will grow from 275, 4 million l to 300,2 million l, in annual gauging - on 2,9 %, forecast in the company Tetra Pack. The chief driver there is a growing demand from inhabitants of developing countries with a low level of incomes ($2-8 in day). Active demand is expected in Asia, Africa and Latin America - here consumption will grow from 70 billion l in 2011 almost to 80 billion l in 2014 Most of all (+20,8 %) will grow consumption of milk commodity in Asian-Pacific locale. In the Eastern Europe the market will grow all on 0,6 %, and in the Western Europe - will display stagnation (-0,3 %).
As to the most popular milk food, it is the activest in 2008-2011 such grades grew: flavoured milk (+4,5 % a year), milk for children and teenagers (+9,5 %) and sour-milk beverages (+12,5 %). In 2011-2014 saving of active growth in the named segments is expected, but the strongest indexes can display potable yoghurts (an increase on 4,7 % a year) and fat-free cream (an increase on 4,5 %).
The ministry of an agrarian policy and the food of Ukraine forecasts milk manufacture accretion this year in 3-4 % - up to 11,5-11,7 million tons.
In facilities of all grades the common milk manufacture was augmented in 19 locales, and is essential - in husbandries of Poltava (on 11,7 %), Kharkov (on 9,7 %), Cherkassk (on 7,1 %), Rovnensky (on 6 %), Ternopol (on 5,6 %) regions.
The average milk yield of milk from one cow for I planning quarter in the agrarian operations compounds about 1050 kgs, that on 16 % more than for a relevant period of 2011 So, high milk yields of milk in I planning quarter were in husbandries of Kiev (1372 kgs), Cherkassk (1284 kgs), Poltava (1208 kgs), Kherson (1153 kgs), Kharkov (1149 kgs), and also Vinnitsa regions(1124 kgs) and in Crimea (1113 kgs).
The segment of milk and milk food in Ukraine occupies third of all food market of country. So significant sizes make branch by installation of steadfast attention, both from operators of the food-processing industry, and from the state frames which one undertake the measures routed on adjustment of the market.
On a findings of investigation, conducted by company Research and Branding Group in April, 2012 (data acquisition was spent by a method of personal interview in 24 ranges of
Ukraine and o Autonomous Republic of Crimea on quota sample to a thinning, representative country for adult population on the place of residence, a floor and age), 75 % of inhabitants of Ukraine purchase milk food at least once a month and more often. According to a findings of investigation, more often Ukrainians purchase milk of 1 time in two weeks (30,8 %) or 2-3 times in a week (29,3 %). Sour cream and yoghurt - once a week (33,1 % and 23,8 % accordingly), chocolate glazed curd bar, every fifth purchases curds 1-2 times a month. At the same time fermented baked milk, yoghurt, cream yogurts and glazed curd bar are not included into the enumeration of yields of the first consumption - much less often and much less Ukrainians buy them. Thus the bulk of Ukrainians - over half of population - for last month at all did not purchase cream yogurts, chocolate glazed curd bar (68 %), yoghurt (56,8 %) and fermented baked milk (55,7 %). In a ration almost every second Ukrainian for last month was not cheese and curds, and third of citizens did not use such significant for health a sour-milk yield as yoghurt.
Competitive medium so tight, that a consumption level specified trademarks does not exceed 8,8 % (on findings of a public opinion poll of exploratory company Research and Branding Group). Trademark leaders who purchase more often steels: «President», «Dobrynya», «Vesioly molotchnik», «Dobriana», «Prostokvashino», «Zlagoda», «Galichina».
In 1998 in Ukraine the program of state support for producers of milk in the form of the subsidy at the expense of backstock of the VAT from implementation of off-the shelf milk commodity has been entered. Agricultural productions peasants - two times a month through milk processing plants gained it monthly, and peasant farmers two times in a month. In 2010 they have decided to change this principle - after coming into force the new Tax code landowners have started to enumerate the VAT in special fund of the state budget. And in 2011 of a means for reimbursements for milk also have at all stopped to designate (year before the subsidy have compounded 970 million hryvnas.).
In 2012 the Cabinet council was occupied again by the solution of problems in the milk market. In March prime minister Nikolay Azarov has entrusted with the agrarian policy and foodstuffs Ministry to develop the strategy of the target address subsidy to producers of milk, and also the program of price reduction of feedstuff. In April the minister of an agrarian policy Nikolay Prisjazhnjuk has presented the program of accretion of a livestock of cows according to which one the government has designated from special fund of the state budget 1,08 billion hryvnas on the subsidy to peasants for cultivation of young plants of large horned stock. It is expected, what is it will allow to augment a livestock which one cultivate in a private sector, in 30%, up to 2,65 million cows.
Initiating the growth a livestock, the government does not boost milk manufacture accretion in Ukraine, market participants are assured. Giving of subsidies for cultivation of young plants of large horned stock can lead to that in the milk market the situation which one was watched in due course in sugar field will be stacked. In one year from the state budget means for are designated sowing a beet, and following year because of overproduction of sugar the state has been compelled to redeem this sugar in a state spare CUZ owing to overflow of commodity in the market and falls in prices sugar factories failed to pay off with landowners.
Initiating the growth a livestock, the government does not boost milk manufacture accretion in Ukraine.
Boost of consumption of milk and milk food in country should become the government main task. For example, today France and the Scandinavian countries consume over 590 kgs of milk per capita in a year. Baltic countries - more than 300 kgs. Russia - about 250 kgs. In Ukraine this index is about 200 kgs. In many EU countries advertising campaigns on popularisation of milk food are spent.
The accretion of export of commodity could become the significant incentive 4 the market 2. Milk in Ukraine is manufactured in sufficient size. In particular, Ukraine cannot deliver now milk commodity in EU as for this purpose it is necessary to drive a type certification of all cycle of manufacturing: from the field on which one feedstuff for cows is cultivated, up to end production - milk and milk food which one are manufactured on milk processing plants.
For developing of milk cattle breeding in Ukraine the state should take up expenditures of producers partially at least. The dairy husbandry requires a high level of investment cost. By our appraisals, investment cost on one cow in Ukraine compound $10-12 thousand
Not waiting state supports, milk processing plants have started to invest in manufacturing. Now the producer and milk processer plays each the district, and it has jogged to create such project, as "Milkyland Agro", merging 16 co-operative societies from 17 thousand terms which one in 2011 have fabricated 24 thousand permanently delete milk. In Danone, for example, there is a development programme of supply contractors which one envisions the partial financing of acquisition or animals, or reefer equipment installations. Thanks to this program is volplaned to augment deliveries of milk from the produced facilities by 25 % the proximal three years.
Implementation of genetical potential of the majority of species in our country is restrained by a weak food supply. The charge of all aspects of feedstuff on one conditional head of large horned stock in 3-4 times is less, than it is required at intensive support of milk cattle breeding. Despite livestock decrease, security sterns does not improve, and to the contrary, it is aggravated.
Boost and adjustment purchasing, wholesale and consumer prices should become the relevant link in a support system of the operations on manufacturing, waste-handlings and milk implementation.
Each agricultural operation can successfully pursue the scheme on production if will have enough of productive animals. Ground of increase in production of commodity in the conditions of intensification is increasing of productivity of animals. The basic radiant of refill of flock is obtaining of an increase from a parent livestock. Plot underfulfilment can be the result of a barrenness of cows, a mortinatus increase. The relevant radiant of refill and flock reproduction is purchasing of breeding animals. The basic index of an intensification of production of milk is productivity of animals. The productivity accretion will allow to raise the level at minute expenditures of a capital recovery factor of manufacturing.
CONCLUSION
One of the major paths of an improvement of the organisation of production of cattle breeding - a justification of the most rational in the conditions of the concrete agricultural operation of modes of a contents of animals and system of support of branch. They make defining impact on making up of a machine system 4 mechanisation of work flows and organisation of these processes, sampling of a form of organisation of transactionses depends on them on girders and complexes, their economic indicators.
Therefore, the combination of mentioned organizational - business factors with the state support of evolution of agriculture will be created by possibilities to manufacture competitive and high-quality commodity of milk cattle breeding.
REFERENCES
1. http://www.fao.org <http://www.fao.org>.
2. Agrarian sector of economy of Ukraine [Prisjazhnjuk M. V, Zubets M. V, Sabluk P. T,]; under the editorship of M.V.Prisjazhnjuk, M.V.Zubets, P.T.Sabluk, V.J.Mesel -Veseliak, M.M.Fedorov. - К: 2011. - 1008 p.
