Научная статья на тему 'AGE DYNAMICS OF THE MAXIMUM ALACTATE POWER OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED HOCKEY PLAYERS'

AGE DYNAMICS OF THE MAXIMUM ALACTATE POWER OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED HOCKEY PLAYERS Текст научной статьи по специальности «Электротехника, электронная техника, информационные технологии»

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Ключевые слова
FIELD HOCKEY / MAXIMUM ALACTIC POWER / ATHLETE'S AGE

Аннотация научной статьи по электротехнике, электронной технике, информационным технологиям, автор научной работы — Shishkov I.Yu., Furaev A.N., Rybakov V.A.

Objective of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of maximum alactic power (MAP) as the main indicator of the speedstrength fitness of hockey players and to identify its relationship with the age of athletes. Methods and structure of the study. The work was carried out on the example of hockey players (n=11, field hockey), who underwent regular testing for 14 years. To assess this indicator in laboratory studies, a modified Wengate test was used. Results and conclusions. Testing of the index of maximum alactic power (MAP) of highly qualified field hockey players conducted over 14 years allows us to speak about the dynamics of an increase in the level of speedstrength fitness of the muscles of the lower extremities in the process of ontogenesis in all the studied athletes, which is confirmed by the results of regression (an increase in R2 from 0.51 to 0.80) and correlation (p<0.01) analyses. Adequate construction of the training process for athletes under the age of 40 contributes to an increase in the indicator of maximum alactic power.

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Текст научной работы на тему «AGE DYNAMICS OF THE MAXIMUM ALACTATE POWER OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED HOCKEY PLAYERS»

Age dynamics of the maximum alactate power of highly qualified hockey players

UDC 796.355.093.582

PhD I.Yu. Shishkov1

PhD, Professor A.N. Furaev1 V.A. Rybakov2

1 Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture, Malakhovka 2Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny

Corresponding author: igorshishkov8@gmail.com Abstract

Objective of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of maximum alactic power (MAP) as the main indicator of the speed-strength fitness of hockey players and to identify its relationship with the age of athletes.

Methods and structure of the study. The work was carried out on the example of hockey players (n=11, field hockey), who underwent regular testing for 14 years. To assess this indicator in laboratory studies, a modified Wengate test was used.

Results and conclusions. Testing of the index of maximum alactic power (MAP) of highly qualified field hockey players conducted over 14 years allows us to speak about the dynamics of an increase in the level of speed-strength fitness of the muscles of the lower extremities in the process of ontogenesis in all the studied athletes, which is confirmed by the results of regression (an increase in R2 from 0.51 to 0.80) and correlation (p<0.01) analyses.

Adequate construction of the training process for athletes under the age of 40 contributes to an increase in the indicator of maximum alactic power.

Keywords: field hockey, maximum alactic power, athlete's age.

Introduction. In most team sports, to achieve high results, the manifestation of functional capabilities is required: maximum alactic power, maximum oxygen consumption at the level of aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, and other indicators [2, 4]. Studies of the indicator of the maximum alactic power of athletes using the Wengate test are widely used in the practice of elite sports [1, 3, 5]. But, unfortunately, these studies are carried out sporadically.

Objective of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of maximum alactic power (MAP) as the main indicator of the speed-strength fitness of hockey players and to identify its relationship with the age of athletes.

Methods and structure of the study. In the period from 2004 to 2017, 19 laboratory examinations were conducted, in which 80 hockey players with qualifications from the first sports category to the international class master of sports took part. We selected athletes who passed at least 10 tests (Table 1). Among 11 athletes - eight masters of sports of Russia of international

class and three masters of sports of the Russian Federation.

Testing was carried out at various stages of the annual training cycle in the laboratory of fundamental problems of the theory of physical and technical training of the Russian State University of Physical Culture (RSUPESY&T) from 2004 to 2007, and from 2008 to 2017 - in the research laboratory "Information Technologies in Sports" Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT). The standardization of studies for 14 years was fully respected.

Functional testing methodology: The subjects performed two tests in succession. First step test on the Monark 894 Peak Bike. Heart rate (HR) and pulmonary ventilation (PV) were recorded, exhaled air was sampled and analyzed using a METAMAX (Cortex) device made in Germany. The power of aerobic and anaerobic thresholds (AeT, AnT), as well as oxygen consumption (OC) and heart rate were estimated by changing the rate of pulmonary ventilation and the respiratory coef-

Theory and Practice of Physical Culture I teoriya.ru I august I № 8 2022

ficient. The indicators of maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) and potential maximum possible oxygen consumption (MOC), oxygen consumption at the level of AeP and AnP were calculated. Then, after recovery (3-5 min), the main test was performed to determine the maximum alactic power (MAP) in the form of sprint acceleration on the same bicycle ergometer (a variant of the Wengate test). The load for hockey players was determined taking into account body weight: Load (Newtons) = 0.9 body weight. The hockey player without load starts pedaling, trying to gradually increase the pace. The load is gradually added. When the rate of 80-90 rpm is reached, the subject is given a command and the maximum load for this athlete is set. After that, the subject must pedal as quickly as possible in order to show the maximum pace in the range of 130-150 rpm in 5-7 s, and as soon as the pace starts to decrease, the test stops. In this case, the maximum values of the rate and power are fixed, which is defined as the maximum alactic power (MAP).

Methods of mathematical statistics: Standard methods of statistical data processing were used: determi-

nation of the sample mean (M), standard deviation (O) and coefficient of variation (V%). Linear regression and correlation analysis made it possible to evaluate the relationship between parameters by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. All processing was carried out in an Excel spreadsheet environment. In the same place, scatter diagrams were constructed, which displayed the dependence of the index of maximum alactic power (MAP) on age for each of the subjects with the calculation of the regression equation for this dependence and the coefficient of determination R2.

Results of the study and their discussion. The results of a linear regression analysis between the independent variable - the athlete's age (predictor) and the dependent variable - the indicator of maximum alactic power (MAP, W/kg) are presented in the form of scatter plots, an example is shown in fig. 1. In parentheses is the age of the subject at the time of the last examination. In all cases, we see a trend towards a linear increase in the values of the MAM variable, depending on the increase in the age of the athlete. The values of the obtained R2 values from 0.51 (Zhi-ov, 34 years old) to 0.80 (Lo-ov,

Table 1. Age, role, terms of stay in the team of hockey players who have passed 10 or more tests

Player Age at first examination Role Length of time on the team, years Number of examinations

Che-ov 17 Defender 2004-2016 18

Lo-ov 17 Defender 2004-1017 17

Go-ov 17 Midfielder 2004-2017 16

Mo-ov 20 Defender 2004-2017 15

Az-ov 18 Forward 2004-2017 14

La-ov 16 Defender 2004-2017 14

Zhi-ov 20 Forward 2004-2017 12

Ku-ev 15 Defender 2006-2017 11

Pl-ov 30 Forward 2004-2011 10

Ma-in 23 Forward 2004-2010 10

Go-ev 16 Forward 2006-2011 10

Table 2. Results of correlation and regression analysis of the dependence of the maximum alactic power on the age of the athlete

Sportsman Average age, years Athlete's age at the end of the study period, years Average MAP value (W/kg) М± 6 Pearson correlation coefficient Bilateral correlation. level significance: Regression coefficient, R2

Pl-ov 33.1 43 11.3±1.58 0,892 < 0,01 0,796

Ma-in 26,1 36 12,3±1,14 0,806 < 0,01 0,649

Zhi-ov 25,5 34 12,7±1,53 0,718 < 0,01 0,515

Mo-ov 27,5 34 14,6±1,81 0,787 < 0,01 0,618

Az-ov 25,3 32 12,7±1,79 0,859 < 0,01 0,738

Lo-ov 25,5 30 12,7±1,53 0,820 < 0,01 0,672

Go-ov 22,2 30 14,6±1,85 0,816 < 0,01 0,665

Che-ov 22,9 30 13,6±1,16 0,825 < 0,01 0,680

La-ov 22,3 29 13,6±1,67 0,895 < 0,01 0,800

Go-ev 18,8 27 13,7±1,24 0,864 < 0,01 0,750

Ku-ev 19,7 25 13,4±1,44 0,864 < 0,01 0,751

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The results of a linear regression analysis between the independent variable-athlete age (predictor) and the dependent variable, Pl-ov, 43 years old

29 years old) indicate a fairly good approximation of the MAP dependence on the age of the athletes. The coefficients in the presented linear regression equations are statistically significant at p<0.05 and above.

To confirm the trend of dependence of the increase in MAP with the age of hockey players, we conducted a Pearson correlation analysis. The results of the correlation analysis and some statistical values are presented in Table 2.

The results of the correlation analysis showed a close relationship between the growth dynamics of the desired indicators, with a high degree of reliability p<0.01 for all athletes. The initial age differences of the studied athletes from 15 to 30 years (Table 1) and various individual relative values of MAP from 11.3±1.58 to 14.6±1.85 W/kg (Table 2) for the dynamics of the results of the increase in speed -strength abilities had no effect. We have found that with age, the athlete increases the speed-strength readiness of the muscles of the lower extremities. It can be assumed that this relates to the strength component to a greater extent, due to the number of recruited muscle fibers, the number of myofibrils, and the average ATPase activity of myosin in them [6].

Presented in table 2 values of R2 in a paired linear relationship can be interpreted as coefficients of determination, which characterize the share of change in one of the indicators when the other changes. Therefore, in our case, it can be argued that changes in the age of athletes by more than 0.5 (50%) determine changes in MAP indicators. That is, an adequate construction of the training process for athletes under the age of 40 contributes to an increase in the indicator of maximum alactic power (MAP).

Conclusions. Testing of the index of maximum alactic power of highly qualified field hockey players conducted over 14 years allows us to speak about the dynamics of an increase in the level of speed-strength fitness of the muscles of the lower extremities in the process of ontogenesis in all the studied athletes, which

is confirmed by the results of regression (an increase in R2 from 0.51 to 0.80) and correlation (p<0.01) analyses.

The initial age of the studied athletes was 15-30 years and the individual relative MAP values of hockey players of various roles during the first tests did not affect the subsequent dynamics of the results of the increase in speed-strength abilities.

Adequate construction of the training process for athletes under the age of 40 contributes to an increase in the indicator of maximum alactic power.

References

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