I INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL
RESEARCH
International journal of theoretical and practical research
Scientific Journal
Volume: 2 30.11.2022
Year: 2022 Issue: 11 Published: http://alferganus.uz
Citation:
Shoimqulov, A.A. (2022). Advantages of test and functional diagnostics in troubleshooting traction asynchronous motors of electric locomotives. SJ International journal of theoretical and practical research, 2 (11), 26-31.
Shoimqulov, A.A. (2022).Advantages of test and functional diagnostics in troubleshooting traction asynchronous motors of electric locomotives. Nazariy va amaliy tadqiqotlar xalqaro jurnali, 2 (11), 26-31.
Doi:
https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7388690
ISSN 2181-2357
T. 2 №11. 2022
ISJIF 2022:5.962 QR-Article
Shoimqulov, Asror Abdunabiyevich
PhD
Tashkent state transport university
E-mail:
Asrorbek. shoimkulov@mail. ru
UDC 629.423.1.051.2
ADVANTAGES OF TEST AND FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTICS IN TROUBLESHOOTING TRACTION ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS OF
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
Abstract. The article is about the effectiveness of functional diagnostic methods than test diagnostics in detecting faults of asynchronous motors of electric locomotives. Functional diagnostic schemes and algorithms are also presented in the article. Keywords: electric locomotive, traction asynchronous motor, diagnostic object, test diagnostics, functional diagnostics
Шоимкулов, Асрор Абдунабиевич
PhD
Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта
ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА ТЕСТОВОЙ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПРИ УСТРАНЕНИИ НЕИСПРАВНОСТЕЙ ТЯГОВЫХ АСИНХРОННЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ЭЛЕКТРОВОЗОВ
Аннотация. Статья посвящена эффективности методов функциональной диагностики, отличных от тестовой диагностики, при выявлении неисправностей асинхронных двигателей электровозов. В статье также представлены схемы и алгоритмы функциональной диагностики.
Ключевые слова: электровоз, тяговый асинхронный двигатель, объект диагностики, тестовая диагностика, функциональная диагностика.
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I INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL
RESEARCH
ISSN 2181-2357
T. 2 №11. 2022
ISJIF 2022:5.962 Shoimkulov, Asror Abdunabievich
PhD
Toshkent davlat transport universiteti
ELEKTROVOZLARNING TORTISH ASENKRON MOTORLARINI BARTARAF ETISHDA SINOV VA FUNKTSIONAL DIAGNOSTIKANING
AFZALLIKLARI
Annotatsiya. Maqola elektrovozlarning asenkxron motorlaridagi nosozliklarni aniqlashda test diagnostikasidan tashqari funktsional diagnostika usullarining samaradorligiga bag'ishlangan. Maqolada funktsional diagnostika sxemalari va algoritmlari ham keltirilgan.
Tayanch so'zlar: yelektrovoz, tortuvchi asinxron motor, diagnostika ob'ekti, test diagnostikasi, funktsional diagnostika.
Introduction
The increase in demand for modern electric locomotives is directly related to the electrification of the tracks of "Uzbekistan Temir Yullari" JSC in recent years. Traction asynchronous motors (TAM) of these electric locomotives are one of their main components, and ensuring their constant maintenance is one of the most difficult tasks facing the transport system today. Therefore, based on world experience, the introduction of functional diagnostic systems that give us advance information about their technical condition without disassembly THERE is one of the important factors in increasing the economic efficiency of use [1].
Today, 498 installed traction asynchronous motors (TAM) are operated in 83 electric locomotives running on electrified sections of the railways of our country. [1]. 20-25%, i.e. 99-104, traction asynchronous motors of electric locomotives fail prematurely due to the lack of diagnostics of the technical condition [2].
There is a need to diagnose the condition TAM during operation (functional diagnostics). Detection of defects TAM at the initial stage of their operation prevents a sudden stop TAM as a result of an accident, reduces repair costs TAM and prevents a reduction in their service life [1].
Analysis and results
Failures of elements and parts of an asynchronous motor are distributed as follows [3]: - bearing damage - 41%; - q.t.s in the stator windings, 27%; - other stator damage, 10%; -rotor damage, 10%; -other injuries, 12%.
The main task of technical diagnostics is to identify and report defects and malfunctions in the elements and parts of the controlled technical facility, to ensure that its performance indicators comply with established standards, to predict its technical condition in order to more fully utilize the resources of the technical facility [4].
Functional diagnostic parameters include the parameters of the object analyzed during diagnosis, information about its condition and can be divided into three groups:
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- functional parameters characterizing the operating processes of the equipment (shock load, voltage, cycle duration, fluid pressure in the hydraulic system, acceleration or deceleration time, specific energy consumption, etc.);
- design parameters directly characterizing the condition of components and assemblies (gaps in kinematic pairs, coordinates of the state of elements, imbalances of rotating shafts, corrosion damage, etc.);
- parameters of the corresponding processes (temperature, vibration, acoustic signals, noise level and spectrum, content of dissolved elements in oil, processing errors)
[5].
Modern systems and methods of diagnostics of asynchronous motors can be divided into two groups. The first group includes test diagnostic methods (Fig. 1). [4].
Test effects
Work effects
Diagnostic tool
Diagnostic object
Diagnostic tool
Diagnostic results
a)
Diagnostic
object
answers
Diagnostic results
b)
Figure
1. Systems for diagnosing the technical condition of an object: a) test diagnostic
method; b) functional diagnostic method
In this method, the insulation resistance DO, currents, internal resistance of the circuit, the tangent angle of the dielectric loss angle of the circuit, etc. are measured. One of the main disadvantages of test diagnostic methods is the need to temporarily suspend their operation for the time of diagnosis DO. Such diagnostics not only prevents the development of various defects, but also leads to their occurrence. For example, during scheduled maintenance of TAMs, after complete assembly, TAMs are subjected to high voltage tests, which have a detrimental effect on the insulation of the machineThis leads to the appearance of microdefects in its circuit, which develop during the operation of the TAM under the influence of low-quality electricity, overloads, frequent starts and stops. During scheduled maintenance, the number of defects increases with each high voltage test. Each disassembly and reassembly of the electric motor increases the number of microdefects in it, which can eventually lead to an emergency failure of the TAM [6].
Discussions
Currently, the following methods of functional diagnostics of asynchronous motors are known:
- individual elements of the unit based on vibration analysis;
- analysis of acoustic vibrations transmitted by a working machine;
- on measuring and analyzing the magnetic flux in the engine and external magnetic field space;
- on measuring and analyzing the temperature of individual machine elements;
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ISSN 2181-2357
T. 2 №11. 2022
I INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL
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ISJIF 2022:5.962
- diagnosis of mechanical components (in particular, bearings) based on the analysis of iron content in oil;
- based on the analysis of electrical parameters of the machine;
- diagnosis of insulation condition.
EE
Figure 2. Functional scheme of the diagnostic system: DO - diagnostic object, DT diagnostic tool, TS - technical services, CO - control object, CD - control device, EE - external
environment.
In most cases, test diagnostics are carried out during scheduled preventive maintenance and testing periods [7]. The share of planned and preventive measures carried out unnecessarily is at least 50%, and the frequency of failures practically does not decrease [8].
Functional diagnostic methods (FDM) belong to the second group of technical diagnostics (Fig. 1, b) [9]. In this method, the DO is not disconnected from the network and is subjected to constant operating influences (for example, the nominal voltage from the electric power network to the TAM input, i.e., to its stator coil), and the technological process continues at a steady pace. In this case, according to the results of diagnostics, maintenance and repair of TAMs is carried out only when necessary [10].
The essence of technical diagnostics is to evaluate and predict the technical condition of the object based on the results of direct or indirect measurements (diagnostic parametersAt the same time, the diagnostic parameter itself does not yet evaluate the technical condition of the object. In order to determine the state of an object, it is necessary to know not only the fact values, but also the corresponding corresponding reference values. The difference between the actual 0$ and standard Om values of the diagnostic parameters is called the diagnostic symptom A [11].
A=0эт- 0$ (1)
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Thus, the assessment of the technical condition of the object is determined by the deviation of the fact values of its parameters from the standard values. Any system of technical diagnostics works according to the principle of deviation (Salisbury principle).
The degree of reliability and quality of diagnostics is determined by the error in which the magnitude of the diagnostic symptoms is estimated. The functional scheme of technical diagnostics is shown in Figure 3._
External influences
Object
Measuring device Measuring device
Mathematical model
' 0sm
Reference values Fact values
Diagnostic symptoms
no
defective ^-<T A>Anp ?
|yes correct
Figure 3. Algorithm of the functional scheme of technical diagnostics
The reference value shows what value a well-tuned mechanism would have under the same load and the same external conditions. The mathematical model of the diagnostic object is represented by a set of formulas, which are the reference values of all diagnostic parameters. In each formula, the loading conditions of the object and the most important parameters of the external environment should be taken into account. Measuring equipment is often used not only to measure the diagnostic signal, but also to evaluate external effects.
Conclusion
The use of functional diagnostic methods for traction asynchronous motors of electric locomotives is effective because it is possible to carry out continuous diagnostic work and to use several methods together and get a reliable result.
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