CC BY
37ФИЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 377.031.4
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ROLES IN THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PROCESS OF THE PHYSICAL VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT CONCEPT
Kozhabekova Elmira Kurbanalikyzy
master-teacher of the department "Physics", Serikbaeva Fariza Basarbekkyzy master-teacher of the department "Physics", Orinbasar Kadirali
student group 128-18
South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shymkent
Кожабекова Эльмира Курбаналикызы Серикбаева Фариза Басарбеккызы Орынбасар Кадырали Маратулы
Abstract. The article discusses virtual computer workshops that allow you to build skills and develop skills in a student in accordance with specific goals and objectives of training.
Аннотация. В статье рассматривается виртуальные компьютерные практикумы, которые позволяют сформировать умения и выработать навыки у учащегося в соответствии с конкретными целями и задачами обучения.
Keywords: intellectual ability, school physics, electronic physics, virtual computer workshop, physics, informatization of education.
Ключевые слова: интеллектуальная способность, школьная физика, электронная физика, виртуальный компьютерный практикум, физика, информатизация образования.
Currently, computer information systems in such areas as education, science and technology are of great interest. In addition, the continuous development of science and technology leads to the emergence of new information systems, as well as the development and improvement of existing systems. Education, introduction of new technologies, as well as comprehensive modernization are the main problems that pay special attention not only in Kazakhstan but also around the world. It is necessary to take into account that the introduction of information technologies in the educational process will effectively complement modern educational technologies or have additional advantages in traditional forms of education. For example, the use of virtual laboratory work in teaching physics allows you to activate the laboratory work and make it interesting, improving the quality of education. Since Physics is the basis of scientific and technological progress, the cost of physical education and the role of physics are constantly increasing. Methods and means of physical knowledge are required in all spheres of human activity. The use of physical culture and skills is necessary to solve practical problems in everyday life of each person.
Advantages and disadvantages of virtual laboratories
Virtual laboratory work is a software and hardware complex that allows to carry out experiments in conditions that are not directly related to a particular installation or incompleteness. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish such concepts as "virtual laboratory" and"virtual remote laboratory". The basis of a virtual laboratory is a computer program or a set of programs that perform computer modeling of some processes. The virtual remote control laboratory is a network organizational structure of several groups of scientists belonging to different research centers and related to mutually beneficial cooperation through the Internet. [2]
There are several advantages to virtual labs over traditional labs. First, there is no need to buy expensive equipment and dangerous radioactive materials. For example, laboratories of quantum or atomic or nuclear physics need specially equipped laboratories. The virtual lab allows you to explore such phenomena as the experience of the spray of alpha particles as the photoelectric effect, determination of the crystal lattice through electron diffraction of Retherford, study of gas laws, nuclear reactors, etc. Second, you can simulate processes that are not available in the laboratory. In particular, the majority of classical laboratory works on molecular physics and thermodynamics are closed systems, at the output of which a certain set of electrical quantities is measured, after which the required volume is calculated using the equations of electrodynamics and thermodynamics. All molecular kinetic and thermodynamic processes occurring in the experiment are not available for observation. When performing virtual laboratory work in the physical Department, students can track dynamic illustrations of processes that are not available for observation in a particular experiment, using physical and chemical phenomena and dynamic models, and during the experiment at the same time graphically make the corresponding dependences of physical quantities. Third, virtual laboratory work allows visual visualization of physical or chemical processes compared to traditional laboratory work. For example, physical processes such as the motion of charged particles
constituting the principle of an electric current or PN node can be studied in detail and accurately. It is also possible to study the movement of planets in a Central organism, for example, on processes that are on fractions for a few seconds or for several years. Another advantage of virtual labs over traditional technologies is security. In particular, the use of virtual laboratory work in working conditions with high-voltage or hazardous chemicals. However, there are drawbacks to virtual labs. The most important thing is the lack of direct contact with the object of study, equipment, tools. Training of a specialist who saw a technical object only from a computer screen is absolutely impossible. Or be ready to go to a surgeon who has only worked before on a computer? Therefore, the best solution is the introduction of traditional and virtual laboratory work into the educational process, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages. [3]
Application of virtual laboratory work in physics.
The theory of deep learning physics and its various design, high quality and to solve experimental problems, you can study the process of its application. If during the lecture the student gets acquainted with theoretical questions, then the theory is used in laboratory classes, as well as practical skills are formed during physical measurements, processing and presentation of results. Without preliminary preparation for laboratory classes it is impossible to give high-quality education and successfully protect the results of laboratory work of students. In preparation for the next lesson, first of all, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the work performed in this Manual. However, all this is not limited, since the theoretical justification of each work is not considered as a sufficient minimum for a deep understanding of the basics of physical work. Therefore, for each work it is necessary to read in the textbook the materials corresponding to the theme of the work. It is impossible to start work without understanding the logic of the measurement procedure and the use of measuring instruments associated with this work, without mastering their basic theoretical principles.
In addition, in each laboratory work, a final test is carried out to control the residual knowledge from the results of the test and laboratory work, including an assessment of the basic knowledge necessary for the successful completion of the work. Virtuallabs can be used both online and online. Let's briefly discuss some of them:
Virtulab.Net is one of the most specialized portals developed for the virtual learning laboratories. The site offers interactive educational work allowing students to conduct virtual experiments in physics, chemistry, biology, ecology and other subjects. This is a free online resource.
Virtual physics laboratory for students. The virtual laboratory includes a set of programs for the course Of the school of physics and is designed for teachers to perform tasks in physics lessons, as well as for students in the classroom and at home using computers, and can also be used in preparation for the UNT. This is a paid resource. Interactive laboratory work in physics and other disciplines is available on the website of the unified resource collection. This educational resource can be used both on-line and off-line. This is also a free resource.
A series of discs published by the publishing house "bustard": laboratory work in physics for students in grades 7-11.
In addition, it is very useful for students to work with computer models, as students can create many virtual experiments and even conduct small studies.But virtual laboratory work also has inevitable advantages, as it allows computer laboratory experiments in physics in case of difficulty of a particular experiment or the need for immediate processing of the results. I've provided you with a small list of virtual educational resources. Computer laboratory installations in virtual laboratories are typically a computer model of a particular experimental installation. The implementation of experimental studies is a direct analogue of the experiment on a specific physical installation. Summarizing the above, we can say that virtual laboratories can be used both in the classroom and in the classroom for self-preparation, which allows a deeper understanding of the laws of physics and enter into the meaning of physical phenomena. Full-scale demonstration of physical phenomena is repeatedly used for several reasons (outdated, outdated, due to lack of material resources, limited budget for equipment, curricula for physics, insufficiently developed practical skills of modern teachers, etc.). Its various aspects are actively discussed with teachers, psychologists and specialists in the field of information technology in our country and abroad. The aim of this work is to analyze the advantages and problematic aspects of virtual laboratories in the process of training bachelors, as well as the approbation of the author's experience in this field. In the educational process it is necessary to consider various aspects of the virtual experiment and divide them into two opposite groups. This section is presented in the table. Comparison of opposite aspects of the use of virtual physical experiments in the educational process:
№ Advantages Disadvantages
1 Low cost simulation equipment than expensive original. Exemption from the need to pay some attention to the market of modern equipment
2 Providing flexibility in upgrading virtual hardware compared to real hardware. Rapid change in computer technology, "moral" deterioration of software.
3 Availability of "maintenance", exemption from infrastructure replenishment Weakening of ideas about the content of specific installations and requirements for the relevant infrastructure
4 Safety against harmful physical factors. There is no need to provide protection against their effects There is no need for knowledge and safety requirements to work with specific equipment.Risk of cumulative impact of adverse physiological and psychological factors arising in computer work
5 Regulation time of the experiment, a significant decrease in his decision experiment Getting out of real time, weakening ideas about it
6 Significant reduction in the complexity of conventional procedures for processing measurement results, increasing the speed of calculations Weakening of the ability to assess the quantitative result with the help of modern metering devices, as well as the possibility of adequate perception of the obtained quantitative values
7 Unlimited remote work in any mode (online and personal)) Poor perception of the specific laboratory research environment
8 Expanding the capabilities of modeling and visualization of processes and phenomena, including on scales outside the traditional The wrong idea about the limits of probability visual modeling of the loss and weakening of the possibilities of abstract mathematical modeling
9 Development of students ' skills in the use of computer technology and working with various electronic resources. Limiting the ability to develop skills for specific research experiments
10 The increasing interest in work, increase the level of motivation for learning a discipline and its practices The risk of learning the imitative, playful nature of the work. The absence of the attributes of research work based on daily work that contributes to the development of appropriate relationships. The risk of computer addiction
Each positive aspect of the use of virtual laboratories in the educational process is associated with a certain negative. When choosing a lab for a virtual workshop, these advantages and disadvantages are met to achieve optimal access. For example, computer models of the Clement-Desormes method used to determine the Poisson ratio are very common. In this case, the specific experiment is very simple, accessible and intuitive, does not require modern inexpensive equipment and is carried out in a short time. [3] It is based on an important material that covers almost all problems of classical thermodynamics. Therefore, appropriate laboratory work has been carried out for the training courses of all universities, which has led to the spread of computer simulations. When they work in the normal full-time mode, completely based on distance
learning, it does not provide significant additional advantages over a full-scale experiment (other than to avoid turning the game element into work and too simple actions), but it does not have any negative effect.
Virtual laboratory work "study of the structure of metal films using an electron microscope", developed by the authors of this article, was implemented in the operating systems Windows 9x, 2000, XP and performed in conjunction with the program Object Pascal (Borland Delphi). The authenticity of the program is confirmed by the copyright certificate. The program includes administrator and user interfaces, allows you to set a set of initial conditions for the experiment, to provide each student with theoretical material on the topic of work, guidelines for its implementation and testing. The program is implementing the purchase model for the virtual diffraction in electron passage through metal foil and the determination of the foil material from this drawing. The laboratory works based on it are considered by the following tasks: wave properties of microparticles, electron diffraction, display conditions (principles of geometrical optics, resolution and diffraction contrast), crystal structure of metals, etc.
Access to the virtual laboratory is carried out through a computer, including the Internet. In most cases, virtual laboratories are collections of laboratory work aimed at penetration into the educational process for full-fledged virtual laboratory seminars. Virtual laboratory workshop-a type of laboratory classes, the subject of which is the replacement of real laboratory research on mathematical modeling of laboratory equipment with laboratory equipment. The possibilities of modern simulation computer models create the illusion of working with specific equipment. There are also possibilities of modeling processes that are conditionally impossible in the laboratory. In addition, modern computer technology, for example, depending on the small volume of controlled parts, allows you to track processes that make it difficult to shut down in specific conditions without the use of additional equipment. It is possible to track that processes occur at infinity and in a different time range, which is relevant for processes that occur within a few seconds or, conversely, are delayed. An important advantage of using virtual laboratories is, for example, the safety of working with high-voltage or chemicals. Thanks to the computer controlling the virtual process, a series of experiments with different values of the input parameters can be quickly carried out, which is often necessary to determine the dependence of the initial parameters on the input parameters.
In the end, an important advantage of work, characterized by the possibility of using a virtual laboratory of distance learning-in the laboratories of the University is not possible to work in the main. An integral part of the virtual laboratory is the concept of a virtual instrument-a set of hardware and software connected to a simple computer that can interact with the computer as a conventional electronic device specially designed for the user. The virtual instrument and an important part of the virtual laboratory is an efficient graphical interface that provides a convenient interactive mode of interaction with the computer. When working with a virtual tool using the graphical interface, the user will see a panel on the monitor screen, which is a real control panel of the desired device. One of the goals of creating virtual laboratories is to strive for a comprehensive visualization of the studied processes and one of the main tasks is to provide the opportunity to prepare the student for a full understanding and understanding of their essence . The tasks of a virtual computer laboratory: the mastery of complex corporate and other software for performing the cycle task create virtual servers, host and configuration software and its application to problem-oriented and practical examples, in order to form professional competence. Unfortunately, the number of operating virtual laboratories in the educational process is very small. This primarily depends on the high cost of their development, which leads to the following consequences: virtual laboratories developed by ordinary programmers, designers and specialists are very expensive, which prevents their widespread use. On the other hand, the low probability of proliferation has little incentive to produce them. The creation of virtual laboratories of non-professional specialists can lead to satisfactory results only when modeling narrow phenomena. Their distribution is associated with low costs and a lack of alternatives. Consider the most common virtual laboratories.
VirtualLab - is a project for the development of virtual laboratory work for students in physics, chemistry, biology and ecology. Virtual laboratories are implemented using Flash technology. They are narrow specialization, mostly linear experience (full cycle of experience and the results of the experiment pre-defined). VirtualLab products have cognitive value and in the absence of the necessary equipment solve the problem of laboratory work.
STAR (for software tools and researchers) is a virtual laboratory development program for research and training at the Massachusetts Institute of technology (MIT). The activity of the program is the development of educational and research programs in the systems of General biology, biochemistry, genetics, hydrology and distributed computing systems. Most applications run in java or html.
Algodoo - is a 2D physical modeling program And is a very rich tool for creating various objects, mechanisms and systems to simulate their physical interactions and properties. For example, you can create a work hour, a planetary router model, or a small screw model. The program is able to simulate not only mechanical processes, but also optical instruments, and the programming capabilities with the help of the thyme script language allow you to create objects with original physical properties, various functions, effects and phenomena. You can also load images: the image becomes the object of the simulation and is assigned any physical property. The program is free. There is an algobox repository where users can share their templates .
PhET - is a project of the University of Colorado. This project includes many virtual laboratories reflecting various phenomena in the field of physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics and earth Sciences. The experiments have a high cognitive value and are very interesting .
The tungsten demonstration project is a clear reflection of the concepts of modern science and technology. Tungsten demands to become a single platform for creating a single catalog of online interactive laboratories. This, according to its developers, will allow users to engage in the use of various learning resources and development platforms. To view the demonstrations, you must download the Wolfram CDF special player. For large physical, chemical and mathematical sections, as well as for engineering, engineering, social Sciences .
ChemCollective-designed for the study of chemistry. A distinctive feature of the laboratory is that there are no tasks, the user is given freedom of action. Other products of the project are laboratory projects on specific topics and relate to such sections of chemistry as stoichiometry, thermochemistry, acid and base theory, analytical chemistry physical properties are given. The program is free. There is an algobox repository where users can share their templates .
Algodoo is a free 2D sandbox program that really allows you to create different objects created in physics and simulate their motion. The main function of the application is to get acquainted with many physical laws and postulates in the form of entertainment. It is necessary to note the features of Algodoo: the presence of a large number of tools for creating various objects, the ability to save the encoded scene, as well as online search for records of other users, a large selection of built-in motion modeling functions (on and off gravity, the force of air friction, changing the color of the material and the selected object) . After launching the program-Available visual guide, explaining in detail the basic principles of working with the software and providing basic information on the main functions. Here is a scene made in my quick hand. There's a laser, a glass gear that goes through the laws of optics, some water, various gears and a Ragdoll-this translates as a blind hero doll to control our experimental machines and mechanisms. For example:
The water flows, on the left side of the wire is washed away by its weight, goes like weights and springs,the beam tilts, the doll fell. Here's the image in a few seconds:
In motion, it all looks dynamic and interesting. I would shoot video, but on my modern computer, the program is holding back, and not interesting out, all this you will see yourself by installing Algodoo.
With all the apparent simplicity of physics is modeled at a very good level. For example, take wooden and steel balls (objects can be fed materials) and their containers with water (Oh Yes, in large quantities, water is very realistic!).
The steel ball (right) hits a little faster - because we have the option of accounting for air resistance. It can be disabled, and can be adjusted by changing the linear and quadratic components. So. the balls reach the water and add to it:
The steel ball cuts the thickness of the water to the bottom of the vessel and jumps out of it, making a large amount of splashing, and the tree in its fall only rises a little. After a little calming of the water, the scene took the following form in accordance with the laws of Archimedes:
Virtual laboratory work in our University is also used in a number of departments (for example, physics, chemistry, biology). When performing the work, students must make analytical calculations, enter the data obtained in special text forms or print the necessary keys at the time described in the laboratory manual. Access to virtual laboratory work via the Internet is limited, and virtual laboratory work of the Department of physics is possible only from the computers of the laboratories of the Department of physics. [1]
Literature
1.Bortnik B. I., Stolk N. J., Sudakova N. P., I. A. usually describe the VIRTUAL LABORATORY WORK in UNIVERSITY COURSE of PHYSICS // Modern problems of science and education. - 2017. - No. 5.;
URL: http://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=26766 (date accessed: 28.02.2019).
2.Cheremisina E. N., Antipov O. E., Belova M. A. the Role of virtual computer laboratory based on cloud computing technology in modern computer education / / Distance and virtual learning. - 2012.- No. 1. - S. 50-64.
3.Rittinghouse J., Ransome J. Cloud Computing: Implementation, Management, and Security. - CRC Press, 2010.
4.Kudinov D. N. Prospects of development of virtual works on the basis of a complex of programs T-FLEX / / Modern problems of science and education. - 2009. - No. 6. - P. 71-74.
