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ADAPTATION POTENTIAL OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN PERFORMING A SCIENTIFIC PROJECT WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ACADEMIC MOBILITY
NIYAZBEK TOMIRIS BAKHTIYARKYZY student of Medicine, "Karaganda Medical University"
NCJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan. NIYAZOVA YULIA ILDUSOVNA Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, "Karaganda Medical University" NCJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan. ORCID ID 0000-0002-6609-3305 SALIKHOVA YELENA YUREVNA Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, "Karaganda Medical University" NCJSC, Karaganda,
Kazakhstan. ORCID ID 0000-0001-8692-2425 KHARISSOVA NURIYA MANSUROVNA Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, "Karaganda Medical University" NCJSC, Karaganda,
Kazakhstan. ORCID ID 0000-0002-4090-2223 ABSTRACT
The Brazilian student established the optimal state of regulatory systems, which allowed him to quickly adapt to the new climatic and social conditions of Kazakhstan. After moderate physical activity, the Brazilian student, like Kazakh students, showed a moderate predominance of parasympathetic regulation. However, the activity of the ANS parasympathetic unit is more pronounced in the Brazilian student. Given the high burden on the body of students participating in academic mobility associated with a sharp change in climatic and social conditions in a short period of time, it is necessary to ensure that the reserve possibilities of adaptation mechanisms are determined in all candidates before the start
of mobility by the HRV method. This will reveal the individual characteristics of the adaptation of the candidate, which will prevent the possible depletion of adaptation mechanisms and help to successfully complete the research project, enjoying the acquaintance with the new culture of the host country.
Keywords: adaptation of foreign students, parasympathetic regulation, academic mobility
АДАПТАЦИОННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ, ВЫПОЛНЯЮЩИХ НАУЧНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ В РАМКАХ РАМКИ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ
НИЯЗБЕК ТОМИРИС БАХТИЯРКЫЗЫ
студент медицинского факультета, АО «Карагандинский медицинский университет», Караганда, Казахстан.
НИЯЗОВА ЮЛИЯ ИЛЬДУСОВНА Доцент кафедры физиологии НКАО «(Карагандинский медицинский университет», Караганда, Казахстан.
ORCID 0000-0002-6609-3305 САЛИХОВА ЕЛЕНА ЮРЬЕВНА
кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры физиологии НКАО «(Карагандинский медицинский университет», Караганда, Казахстан. ORCID 0000-0001-8692-2425 ХАРИСОВА НУРИЯ МАНСУРОВНА кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры физиологии НКАО «(Карагандинский медицинский университет», Караганда,
Казахстан. ORCID 0000-0002-4090-2223 АННОТАЦИЯ
У бразильского студента было установлено оптимальное состояние регуляторных систем, что позволило ему быстро адаптироваться к новым климатическим и социальным условиям
Казахстана. После умеренной физической активности бразильский студент, как и казахские студенты, показал умеренное преобладание парасимпатической регуляции. Однако активность парасимпатического подразделения АНС более выражена у бразильского студента. Учитывая высокую нагрузку на организм обучающихся, участвующих в академической мобильности, связанную с резким изменением климатических и социальных условий за короткий промежуток времени, необходимо обеспечить определение резервных возможностей механизмов адаптации у всех кандидатов до начала мобильности методом ВСР. Это позволит раскрыть индивидуальные особенности адаптации кандидата, что предотвратит возможное истощение механизмов адаптации и поможет успешно завершить исследовательский проект, наслаждаясь знакомством с новой культурой страны пребывания.
Ключевые слова: адаптация иностранных студентов, парасимпатическая регуляция, академическая мобильность
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Ы!УА1БЕК ГОММЭ БАХШАП ОШ1
Оагад'апба tibbiyot ип^егэе Tibbiyot fakulteti talabasi, Оагад'апба, Qozog'iston. ШУАШОУА УииУА ILDUSOVNA Оагад'апба tibbiyot ип^е^е fiziologiya kafedгasi dotsenti, Оагад'апба, Qozog'iston. ORCID 0000-0002-6609-3305
SALIXOVA УELENA УUREVNA tibbiyot fanlaгi nomzodi, Qaгag!anda tibbiyot universiteti fiziologiya kafedгasi dotsenti, Qaгag'anda, Qozog'iston.
ORCID 0000-0001-8692-2425
XARISOVA NURIYA MANSUROVNA
biologiya fanlari nomzodi, Qarag'anda tibbiyot universiteti fiziologiya kafedrasi dotsenti, Qarag'anda, Qozog'iston.
ORCID 0000-0002-4090-2223 ANNOTATSIYA
Braziliyalik talaba tartibga solish tizimlarining maqbul holatiga ega edi, bu unga Qozog'istonning yangi iqlim va ijtimoiy sharoitlariga tezda moslashish imkonini berdi. O'rtacha jismoniy faollikdan so'ng, braziliyalik talaba, xuddi qozoq talabalari kabi, parasimpatik tartibga solishning o'rtacha ustunligini ko'rsatdi. Biroq, avtonom asab tizimining parasimpatik bo'limining faolligi braziliyalik talabada ko'proq namoyon bo'ldi. Qisqa vaqt ichida iqlimiy va ijtimoiy sharoitlarning keskin o'zgarishi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan akademik mobillikda ishtirok etuvchi talabalar tanasiga yuqori yuklanishni hisobga olgan holda, barcha nomzodlarning moslashish mexanizmlarining zaxira imkoniyatlarini yurak ritmi o^zgaruvchanligini aniqlash usuli yordamida mobillikdan oldin aniqlanishini ta'minlash kerak. Bu nomzodning moslashuvining individual xususiyatlarini ochib beradi, bu moslashish mexanizmlarining mumkin bo'lgan tugashini oldini oladi va mezbon mamlakatning yangi madaniyati bilan tanishish paytida tadqiqot loyihasini muvaffaqiyatli yakunlashga yordam beradi.
Kalit so'zlar: chet ellik talabalarning moslashuvi, parasimpatik tartibga solish, akademik mobillik
Relevance. Standing Committee on Research Exchange / SCORE has been offering more than 3,000 research projects for several decades in which medical students from all over the world can participate. At the present stage, our university has the opportunity to accept foreign students on the basis of our scientific laboratories of «Karaganda Medical University» NCJSC to carry out a scientific project. This program provides future doctors with the opportunity to become familiar with scientific
research and its diversity in any country. The project is implemented for a month at the medical university of the host country and includes mandatory familiarization with the culture and customs of the country. However, the student finds himself in new climatic and social conditions. The success of this mobility, during which the student not only participates in scientific research, but also must prepare and defend his scientific project upon completion of the mobility, depends on the adaptive capabilities of the student's body. Some authors argue that most migrants experience an initial "culture shock", which has a serious impact on both the ability to work productively and on an active lifestyle.
Thus, the issue of studying students' adaptation to new environmental conditions in the active process of academic mobility is relevant.
Purpose. To study the adaptive reactions of the body of a Brazilian student in the new social and climatic conditions of Kazakhstan when carrying out a scientific project.
To compare the reserve capabilities of the body of a Brazilian student with the adaptation of Kazakh students.
Material and research methods. To achieve this goal, daily monitoring of all parameters of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system was carried out from the first day of the student's arrival from Brazil to the Republic of Kazakhstan. The functional changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of a student who arrived to carry out a scientific project in Kazakhstan under the SCORE program in the winter were studied in comparison with Kazakh students.
The registration, interpretation and comparative analysis of HRV indicators in 2nd year students (26 boys, 20 girls) of the Karaganda Medical University (Kazakhstan) with the HRV indicators of a Brazilian student was carried out. The state of the cardiovascular system was assessed by the dynamics of heart rate, SBP, DBP, PP and percentage
of oxygen saturation. The state of the respiratory system was assessed using determined parameters of external respiration: TV, inRV, exRV, VC (spirometry). To assess the body's adaptive reactions and the functional state of regulatory systems, the method of analyzing heart rate variability was used. The main indicators of cardiointervalography were determined and analyzed: M (RRNN), AD (standard deviation -SDNN), Mo(mode), AMo (amplitude of mode), BP (variation range -DX) and integrative parameters: VPR (vegetative parameter of rhythm), IVE (index of vegetative equilibrium), IARP (indicator of the adequacy of regulatory processes), SI (stress index of regulatory systems).
All indicators were recorded before and after moderate physical activity in the form of 20 deep squats with arms thrown out.
The electrocardiograph "Kardipia-200", the program "Poly-Spectrum-Express-Analysis", the spirometer-pneumotachometer "Spiro C-100", and the pulse oximeter KMP-RO70 were used. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the standard Statistica application for a personal computer.
Research results. The first week of the Brazilian student's stay in Kazakhstan is characterized by pronounced "background vagotonia of the resting state." The student experienced the impact of a sharp change in climatic conditions from +30 degrees in summer temperatures in Brazil to -30-35 degrees in the harsh December winter in Kazakhstan. The foreign student was involved in the implementation of the scientific project from the first days. He actively participated in the research of Kazakhstani students, in the study and development of new research methods.
The results of a study of Kazakhstani students studying at KMU showed the predominance of modulating sympathetic-parasympathetic regulatory influence over humoral-metabolic and central ergotropic regulatory stimuli. The values of RRNN, Mo, RRmax, RRmin are higher, and the value of AMo and the value of complex indicators: IVE, IARP,
VPR, SI are lower in Kazakh male students than in female students, which indicates a more pronounced activity of the parasympathetic nervous system of autonomic regulation in male students compared to girls.
Girls have a balanced state of the ANS, as evidenced by a moderate increase above the norm in SDNN, VR, IARP, and a decrease in the average duration of the RR (M) and Mo intervals. The functional state is satisfactory.
The revealed moderate predominance of parasympathetic activity in young men indicates the optimal state of regulatory systems and ensures more economical functioning of the cardiovascular system when exposed to stress factors.
In a Brazilian student, during moderate physical activity, a below-normal decrease in such HRV indicators as VR, IVE, VPR was revealed, which indicates a shift in the autonomic balance towards parasympathetic activity and indicates the predominance of autonomous regulation of heart rate. The result of this type of regulation was rapid adaptation to new living conditions during the first week.
The predominance of parasympathetic regulation in the Brazilian is moderate, which ensures an optimal state of regulatory systems and indicates a good functional state and high stress resistance of the body.
Thus, despite the sharp change in climatic and social conditions and the predominance of emotional euphoria that accompanies new meetings and acquaintances, this indicator does not exceed normal values of 3050%, which does not indicate the expected increase in the activity of sympathetic regulation and the appearance of the effect of centralization of heart rate control.
A comparative analysis of the autonomic balance indicator revealed a more pronounced activity of the parasympathetic division of the ANS in the Brazilian student compared to Kazakh students. From the very first day of the Brazilian student's stay on Kazakh soil, he retained the activity
of the autonomous regulatory circuit (normal indicators of VPR range from 3-10), which indicates the adequacy of the processes. In our opinion, this is explained by the fact that the arriving student has extensive experience in academic mobility and by the 4th year had visited more than 10 countries of the world.
Conclusion. The Brazilian student was found to have an optimal state of regulatory systems, which allowed him to quickly adapt to the new climatic and social conditions of Kazakhstan.
After moderate physical activity, the Brazilian student, like the Kazakh students, showed a moderate predominance of parasympathetic regulation. However, the activity of the parasympathetic division of the ANS is more pronounced in the Brazilian student.
Recommendations. Considering the high load on the body of students participating in academic mobility, associated with a sharp change in climatic and social conditions in a short period of time, it is necessary to ensure that the reserve capabilities of adaptation mechanisms are determined in all candidates before the start of mobility using the HRV method. This will reveal the individual characteristics of the candidate's adaptation, which will prevent possible depletion of adaptation mechanisms and will help to successfully complete the research project, enjoying the acquaintance with the new culture of the host country.
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