CC BY
20
УДК 004.453
DOI: 10.25559/SITITO.14.201802.317-324
ADAPTATION OF SOFTWARE SYSTEMS TO USER TASKS BASED ON THE METHOD OF CONFIGURATION MODELING
Valentin V. Nechaev, Anton S. Bashirov, Natalia I. Lebedeva, Mikhail A. Fedin MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
АДАПТАЦИЯ ПРОГРАММНЫХ СИСТЕМ К ЗАДАЧАМ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕТОДА КОНФИГУРАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ
В.В. Нечаев, А.С. Баширов, Н.И. Лебедева, М.А. Федин
МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет, г. Москва, Россия
© Nechayev V.V., Bashirov A.S., Lebedeva N.I., Fedin M.A., 2018|
Keywords
Abstract
Adaptation; configuration modeling; conceptual modeling; system modeling; software system; configuration.
In this paper, we discuss task of adaptation of software systems (PCs) and complexes (PCs) on the basis of the configuration modeling (MCM) method is considered. The article describes designated purpose of MCM in the field of SSs development, describes background and justification for the development of adaptive SSs, and many of the advantages of creating configurable SSs. The main attention is paid to the analysis and research of the software engineering and implementation of adaptive SSs using the configuration mechanism as a mean of adapting SSs to the problem of interest. The potential for using configuration modeling in this area is determined. The meaning of the concepts «configurator», «configuration» and «reconfiguration» in the context of the description of MCM implementation of adaptive SSs creation is considered. The article gives a real example of an adaptive SS describing MCMs application in the process of software engineering. A conceptual model of such a SS is described, and its interpretation is implemented in the form of a modular complex data processing system (CDPS). The example of the CDPS shows the structural scheme of the conceptual model of the data handling process, decomposes the CDPS into the basic modules, including the built-in configuration module. Special attention to a detailed description of the problem of interest and the functionality of each module is paid, as well as to the description of the relationships between them. On the basis of the CDPS, the solution of the problem of adapting PSs with the elements of dynamic configuration based on the input data is realized. The example of the CDPS describes user-accessible operating modes of the SS corresponding to various system configurations determined according to the tasks to be solved. The article makes it possible to obtain an abstract presentation on the methods and principles for the creation of adaptive SS. Moreover, a concrete understanding of the implementation of adaptation by using the configuration management mechanism is covered. Additionally, the article highlights direct benefits and potential profit from using of configurator in software engineering.
Ключевые слова
Аннотация
Адаптация; конфигурационное моделирование; концептуальное моделирование; моделирование систем; программная система; конфигурация.
В данной работе рассматривается задача адаптации программных систем (ПС) и комплексов (ПК) на основе метода конфигурационного моделирования (МКМ). Статья детально рассматривает предназначение и целевое применение МКМ в области разработки ПС, приводятся предпосылки и обоснование актуальности разработки адаптивных ПС, а также описывается ряд основных достоинств создания конфигурируемых ПС. Основное внимание уделяется анализу и исследованию вопроса проектирования и реализации адаптивных ПС с использованием механизма конфигурирования как средства адаптации ПС к решаемым задачам, определяется потенциал использования
About the authors:
Valentin V. Nechaev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Instrumental and Applied Software, MIREA - Russian Technological University (78 Vernadsky Prospekt, Moscow 119454, Russia), ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7171-3874, [email protected] Anton.S. Bashirov, student of the Department of Instrumental and Applied Software, MIREA - Russian Technological University (78 Vernadsky Prospekt, Moscow 119454, Russia), ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-0704, [email protected]
Natalia I. Lebedeva, student of the Department of Instrumental and Applied Software, MIREA - Russian Technological University (78 Vernadsky Prospekt, Moscow 119454, Russia), ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3421-4923, [email protected]
Mikhail A. Fedin, student of the Department of Instrumental and Applied Software, MIREA - Russian Technological University (78 Vernadsky Prospekt, Moscow 119454, Russia), ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-8297, [email protected]
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конфигурационного моделирования в данной сфере. Рассматривается смысл понятий «конфигуратор», «конфигурирование» и «реконфигурирование» в контексте описания применения МКМ к созданию адаптивных ПС. В статье приводится реальный пример адаптивной ПС с описанием применения МКМ в процессе её проектирования. Описывается концептуальная модель такой ПС и осуществляется её интерпретация в форме модульной комплексной системы обработки данных (КСОД). На примере КСОД приводится и рассматривается структурная схема концептуальной модели процесса обработки данных, представляется декомпозиция КСОД на базовые модули, включая встроенный модуль-конфигуратор. Отдельное внимание уделяется подробному описанию решаемых задач и функциональных возможностей каждого отдельно взятого модуля, а также описанию взаимосвязей между ними. На основе КСОД реализуется решение задачи адаптации ПС с элементами динамического конфигурирования по входным данным. В процессе рассмотрения применения МКМ на примере КСОД приводится описание нескольких доступных пользователю режимов работы ПС, соответствующих различным конфигурациям системы, определяемых согласно решаемым задачам. Статья позволяет получить как абстрактное представление по методикам и принципам создания адаптивных ПС, так и конкретное понимание особенностей реализации адаптации путём использования встроенного в ПС механизма управления конфигурациями. Дополнительно, в статье выделяется непосредственная польза и потенциальная прибыль от внедрения конфигуратора при проектировании ПС.
Introduction
Modern large software systems (P-systems) are developed and maintained in conditions of constantly evolving requirements. Changes in existing P-systems are associated with additional costs, increasing with the passage of time. It is the desire to reduce the volume of such changes which was the main reason for creating adaptive software (AS) systems. AS-systems should have the property of purposeful development under the influence of external conditions. At the same time, the goal of the AS system should be achieved, despite the changes. To ensure compliance with these requirements, the most rational is the modular architecture of the AS system [1]. It makes it possible to easily exchange data with the serviced system [2]. Adaptation acts as an object management tool in the absence of its exact model. Adaptation acts as an object management tool in the absence of its exact model. Adaptation can be implemented through the use of parametric, organizational, structural methods, as well as evolutionary algorithms [3,4]. To solve the problem of adapting the software system the authors of this paper use the method of configuration modeling [5]. The configuration is a qualitative characteristic of the structure that determines its spatial, logical, temporal, and also combined -complex - organization of the P-system. From the conceptual point of view, a configuration is a structure of structures or a meta-structure. Configuration modeling, as a method of adapting modular P-systems, makes it possible to significantly expand their functionality and reduce additional resources in the development of software products. The P-system can be defined as configurable if it can be configured without programming additional functions and / or without changing the source code of the program. The presence of configuration mechanisms in the AS-system provides flexibility in the use of software within the scope of the tasks and the existing environment. It should be noted that the configuration method was initially used to form configurations of computing systems, complexes and networks [4]. However, it can be relatively easily used also for P-systems. It should be noted that the ability to configure software products has existed for a long time. However, the creation of P-systems, the structure of which was initially based on broad possibilities for adaptation in the presence of certain goals, was used relatively recently.
1. The objective of the work
The objective of the work is to consider the features of the configuration modeling method applied to flexible software systems, the use of this method as a tool for adapting such P-systems to user-specific tasks, as well as demonstrating the applicability of the configuration mechanism by creating an author's P-system.
The article includes: an analysis of the relevance of the issue of creating a demonstrated P-system; description of adaptation of P-systems based on configuration modeling; a conceptual model of the adaptive P-system; implementation of the AS-system using the example of an integrated data processing system (IDPS).
2. The urgency of developing adaptive software systems
Modern P-systems are widely used in almost all spheres of society. The needs of users are constantly growing. The functionality that the P-system performed yesterday may now be insufficient or not relevant. Thus, there is a need to update the already commissioned P-sys-tem. It should be emphasized that the volumes of the source codes of modern P-systems reach the sizes at which when summing the entire program code of the average P-system in one file, it can not be supported. Eventually, this situation leads to an increase in the complexity of the distribution of the functional of the P-system in accordance with the needs of users [6].
3. The method of configuration modeling and the problem of adaptation of P-systems
To solve the task in this paper, the method of structural adaptation is used. The P-system is implemented on the basis of a modular approach. For adaptation the configuration modeling method [1] is used. To concretize, as an example, two adaptation tasks are defined. The first is the task of updating an existing active P-system. The second is the problem of decomposition of the active functional of the P-system in accordance with the needs of the user Adaptation is achieved through the execution of the configuration mechanism [7]. The configuration mechanism is to reform the structure of the P-sys-tem by changing the current set of its modules and their interrela-
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tionships. The configuration management of the P-system is provided through a separate software module - the configurator The configurator (K) is a component of the P-system, the purpose of which is the purposeful configuration and reconfiguration of the main part of the P-system. It is assumed that the P-system can be in different states and has several different operating modes. The mode of operation is understood as the cumulative cross-section of the current parameters of the P-system that determine its state, as well as sets of tasks that the system solves while in any mode.
In the role of the configurator (we denote it by the symbol K) there can be an external program with respect to the P-system, operating in the same environment as the configurable one. However, it should be taken into account that the presence of the K configurator as a separate component from the P-system of the software component, poses the challenge of creating a control channel that would provide lossless transfer of control information from the configurator K to the configurable P-system, as well as information (demand) from the P-system to the K configurator, see Figure 1. Using the modular architecture of the P-system in combination with the K configurator allows performing partial updates of the P-system within a limited number of modules, without affecting other parts of the system. This solves the above problem of adapting the P-system for updating its active copy [1].
Input data stream
Configurable software system
Output data stream
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the PS configuration
management control Рис. 1. Схема ПС управления конфигурациями
The task of decomposition of the P-system functional in accordance with the user's needs is solved through the use of configurable modes of its operation. In other words, using the configurator K, we can change the current configuration of the modules according to the user's needs at a given time or, for security reasons, limiting the user-accessible area of the system functionality to the dedicated set of modules. Under changing requirements for the system, the merits of using this approach are:
- no need to make improvements to an existing system, which can lead to an increase in the cost of the project and the timing of its implementation;
- the possibility of making changes to the functionality of an existing system by highlighting the modes of its operation, determined by the structure and composition of the interacting modules without modifying the modules themselves;3
- no need to create a system from scratch to meet new requirements. As an example of the practical implementation of the adaptation task through configuration modeling, let us consider an integrated data processing system.
4. Integrated data processing system
Integrated data processing system with the provision of a calculation mechanism consists of two subsystems: client file processing (KO) and server processing of files with a computational mechanism (CO). The advantage of creating and using a configurable IDPS is determined by the fact that it has a number of properties, among which we distinguish the following:
- the possibility of step-by-step commissioning of a separate functional that implements a certain range of automation tasks for business processes;
- automation of a long process of data calculation;
- reduction of the probability of human errors in the calculation;
- saving resources by designing a rational system configuration.
The structural scheme of the data processing process is shown in Figure 2.
5. Structural diagram of the conceptual model of the data processing system
The conceptual model of the system in the narrow sense is the collection of components of the system and their interactions. The process of data processing can be considered in two ways: as a process consisting of several actions; a program as a set of components, where the component is understood as the program module executing the processing of data.
From the process approach point of view, data processing consists of the following set of actions: data aggregation, data conversion, data storage, data usage, generation of results of data use. The process of data processing can be repeated until the end result satisfies the user's needs. In this case, each subsequent iteration of the process will be applied to the result of using or converting data of the previous one.
The component scheme of the data processing process is as follows: DH = <D, A, C, S, U, R>, where D is the set of data sources A - data aggregator C - set of data converters S - database
U is the set of data users R is the set of results of data usage
The final conceptual model of the data processing process is shown in Figure 3.
6. Functions of the data processing system
The main goal of the system is to automate the calculation of data. To achieve this goal, you must perform the following functions:
1. Data aggregation. The P-system should implement a mechanism for collecting user data from several sources into one central one.
2. Data storage. The collected data of the P-system should be kept for later use.
3. Uploading data. The P-system should have a mechanism for obtaining the final set of collected data for performing subsequent analysis and calculating new data.
4. Calculation of new data. The P-system must implement the required processing and calculation algorithm to obtain a new data set in line with user requirements..
5. Saving the calculation results. The P-system should save the calculated results.
Vol. 14, no 2. 2018 ISSN 2411-1473 sitito.cs.msu.ru
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Fig. 2. Structural scheme of the data processing Рис. 2. Структурная схема процесса обработки данныхц
Aggregation
Fig. 3. Structural diagram of the conceptual model of the data processing process Рис. 3. Структурная схема концептуальной модели процесса обработки данных
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The functional scheme of the P-system implementing the data processing processes is shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4. Functional diagram of the data processing system Рис. 4. Функциональная схема системы обработки данных
7. Basic functional modules of the IDPS
The P-system consists of the following basic modules:
1) Data access module (service)
2) The data interface module (head)
3) The interface module for calculating data (head)
4) File Combining Module (working)
5) Data verification module (manager)
6) Data calculation module (working)
7) Data storage module (service)
8) The module for deleting the incorrect data (working)
Let's consider in more detail each of the modules of the system and a list of descriptions of the tasks they solve.
8. Functions of IDPS modules
8.1. Data Access Module
1.1. creating a file on the server;
1.2. transferring a file from the server to the computer;
1.3. deleting the server file;
1.4. reading from the server file;
1.5. adding data to an existing server file. 8.2. Data federations interface module
2.1. demonstration of the main data about the file being sent;
2.2. demonstration of the field for entering a new name of the server file;
2.3. demonstration of the status of sending the file to the server;
2.4. demonstration of data about the region being deleted. 8.3. Calculation interface module
3.1. demonstration of the window for selecting two options for working with files;
3.2. demonstration of the field for selecting a server file and performing actions on it;
3.3. demonstration of the status of the settlement;
3.4. demonstration of the basic data for the calculation. 8.4. File Merge Module
4.1. merging of a local file of the first category with a server file of the first category;
4.2. merging of a local file of the second category with a server file of
the second category.
8.5. Data Validation Module
5.1. checking the filename;
5.2. checking file extension;
5.3. checking the data category in the file;
5.4. checking the existence of the file.
8.6. Data calculation module
6.1. calculation according to the data of the first category;
6.2. calculation of the second category;
6.3. creating a file with the results of the calculation.
8.7. Storage Module
7.1. file storage;
7.2. files transfer.
8.8. The module for deleting incorrect data
8.1. removing incorrect data from the server file;
8.2. deleting the server file.
9. Mechanism for configuring and reconfiguring of the software system
To define the configuration mechanism, we define the categories of users. By the category of users we mean a large, usually not strictly outlined class, in its comparison with other similar classes [5]. In this system, we distinguish three categories of users:
- a user who has access to create and modify server files;
- a user with access to the removal / unloading of information from the server and making calculations;
- an administrator with full rights and access.
Depending on the user's category, the P-system must provide him with a number of possible operations, determined in a particular configuration of the system. We denote the configuration variants by the symbols ¥1, ¥2, ¥3 (Figure 5). For users of the first category (configuration ¥1), a mechanism for configuring and reconfiguring of work files is provided. For users of the second category (configuration ¥2), a mechanism for configuring the calculated data is provided. For users of the third category (configuration ¥3), mechanisms for configuring and reconfiguring of work files are provided, as well as a mechanism for configuring the calculated data.
Fig. 5. Schematic of variants of software system configurations oriented to different categories of users Рис. 5. Схема вариантов конфигураций программной системы, ориентированных на различные категории пользователей
Vol. 14, no 2. 2018 ISSN 2411-1473 sitito.cs.msu.ru
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1. Subsystem for client file processing (KO). The KO subsystem includes the following modules:
1) data aggregation interface module;
2) data access module;
3) file merging module;
4) the data verification module;
5) data storage module.
The task of the subsystem is to allow the user to merge several files with a strict data organization structure and send the resulting file to the server. During the work, the files selected by the user for downloading must undergo all necessary checks (the correctness and category of the data contained in them, the file format, etc.). In case of unsuccessful verification, the file should not be sent to the server.
Thus, during the configuration and reconfiguration process, the user can create and edit work files and then send them to the server. In the KO subsystem, the single configuration mode ¥1 is implemented, in this mode a user can get the access to the server files and combine them with local ones.
Fig. 6. Structural diagram of the configuration mode Рис. 6. Структурная схема режима работы конфигурации
2. Subsystem of server processing of files with a computational mechanism (CO).
The list of modules that are part of the CO subsystem:
1) data interface interface module;
2) data access module;
3) module for calculating the data;
4) data storage module;
5) data verification module;
6) module for deleting the incorrect data.
The subsystem CO provides the user with the ability to perform complex mathematical calculations based on the data received from the server file. Calculations can be performed for two possible categories of data, so the subsystem provides a mechanism for selecting the necessary chain of calculations, depending on the type of data from the file received by the program.
Two modes of functioning of the ¥2 configuration are implemented in the CO subsystem. The composition and interaction of the modules are shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, respectively. In mode I, the user can download server files and perform calculations with data received from local files. Mode II allows the user to remove incorrect data from server files.
The team-work of the two subsystems allows the user to access all the functionality developed within the framework of the considered IDPS. In this case, the configuration ¥3 takes place. It implements four possible modes of operation. Since the modes I, II, III coincide with the operating modes of the configurations ¥1 and ¥2, we will discuss in more detail only the IV mode of operation of configurations ¥3 (Figure 9.).
In the IV mode of the configuration ¥3, the user has access to all possible operations: merge files, upload files to the server and download
them from the server, perform calculations with data from local files, and delete incorrect data from server files.
In this system, the configuration mechanism was used as a means of adapting the software system to the tasks being solved. Due to the reorganization of the structure of the system through the formation of configurations from dedicated modules, it became possible to differentiate the availability of the system functionality for different categories of users without making changes to the program code.
Fig. 7. Block diagram of the I mode of the configuration ^2 operation Рис. 7. Структурная схема режима I работы конфигурации ^2
Fig. 8. Block diagram of the II mode of the configuration ^2 operation Рис. 8. Структурная схема режима II работы конфигурации ^2
Fig. 9. Block diagram of the operation mode IV of the configuration Рис. 9. Структурная схема режима IV работы конфигурации ^3
Conclusion
The article considers the method of configuration modeling, focused on solving the problems of adaptation of modular software systems. Configuration modeling makes it possible to create software systems that adapt to the changing needs of users through an embedded - internal or independent external software component - the configurator. The adaptation process is implemented as a result of changing the operating modes of the system modules in accordance with the data flow received from the external environment. Thanks to the configurator, the P-system can automatically change its state to the target-oriented meeting the new requests of a particular user. Theoretical and methodical aspects of the use of the method of configuration modeling are tested on the example of a complex P-system for data processing. Positive results were achieved. It should be noted that the proposed approach to the creation of P-systems dramatically reduces the cost of their support and maintenance in the process of their operation.
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Acknowledgements
The research is carried out with financial support of the Russian
Foundation for Basic Research within the scientific project No. 16-2904326 ofi-m.
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Submitted 01.05.2018; revised 10.06.2018; published online 30.06.2018.
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Поступила 01.05.2018; принята в печать 10.06.2018; опубликована онлайн 30.06.2018.
|об авторах:|
Нечаев Валентин Викторович, кандидат технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры инструментального и прикладного программного обеспечения, МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет (119454, Россия, г. Москва, пр. Вернадского, д. 78), ORCID: http://orcid. ощ/0000-0001-7171-3874, [email protected]
Баширов Антон Станиславович, студент кафедры инструментального и прикладного программного обеспечения, МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет (119454, Россия, г. Москва, пр. Вернадского, д. 78), ОЯСШ: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-0704, [email protected] Лебедева Наталия Игоревна, студент кафедры инструментального и прикладного программного обеспечения, МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет (119454, Россия, г. Москва, пр. Вернадского, д. 78), ОЯСШ: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3421-4923, [email protected] Федин Михаил Андреевич, студент кафедры инструментального и прикладного программного обеспечения, МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет (119454, Россия, г. Москва, пр. Вернадского, д. 78), ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-8297, [email protected]
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