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СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
ACCESS TO SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENT MEN IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM: LEVEL AND INFLUENCES Hoang Tuyet Mai Email: Hoang1178@scientifictext.ru
Hoang Tuyet Mai - Postgraduate, FACULTY OF SOCIAL WORK, GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (GASS), HANOI, SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Abstract: domestic violence is a big concern in many countries because it is on the rise, and Vietnam is not out of that trend. Researches show that enhancing the roles and responsibilities of men who are the main perpetrators of violence plays a substantial part in reducing domestic violence. This study focuses on men causing domestic violence's approach to social work services for reducing this issue. The study provides assessments of demand, accessibility, the responsiveness of services, and factors affecting men's access to social work services for preventing domestic violence in Quang Ninh Province. This is one of the leading localities in preventing and controlling domestic violence and paying more attention to gender equality in Vietnam. This study mainly uses qualitative and quantitative research methods, including 300 quantitative samples and 23 qualitative samples in 3 different areas, which are characteristic of typical topographic features of Quang Ninh Province. According to the results, men's access and use of social work services to reduce domestic violence are still small because they are affected by the influencing factors in which the most crucial one belongs to the man committing violence.
Keywords: men, women, domestic violence, social work services, reducing domestic violence.
ДОСТУП МУЖЧИН, ОКАЗЫВАЮЩИХ ДОМАШНЕЕ НАСИЛИЕ, К СЛУЖБАМ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ЭТОЙ ПРОБЛЕМЫ В ПРОВИНЦИИ КУАНГ НИНЬ (ВЬЕТНАМ): УРОВЕНЬ И ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ ФАКТОРЫ Хоанг Тует Май
Хоанг Тует Май - аспирант, факультет социальной работы, Высшая Академия общественных наук, г. Ханой, Социалистическая Республика Вьетнам
Аннотация: домашнее насилие является горячей точкой и увеличивается во многих странах, включая Вьетнам. Исследования показывают, что повышение роли и ответственности мужчин, которые являются основными виновниками насилия, играет существенную роль в снижении уровня домашнего насилия. В этом исследовании основное внимание уделяется мужчинам, вызывающим насилие в семье, которые обращаются к службам социальной работы для решения этой проблемы. В исследовании дается оценка спроса, доступности, оперативности услуг и факторов, влияющих на доступ мужчин к услугам социальной работы для предотвращения домашнего насилия в провинции Куанг Нинь (Вьетнам). Это одно из ведущих мест во Вьетнаме по предотвращению и борьбе с домашним насилием и уделению большего внимания гендерному равенству. В этом исследовании в основном используются качественные и количественные методы исследования, включая 300 количественных образцов и 23 качественных образца в 3 различных областях, которые характерны для типичных топографических особенностей провинции Куанг Нинь. Согласно результатам, доступ мужчин к услугам социальной работы и их использование для снижения уровня насилия в семье по-прежнему невелик,
поскольку на них влияют факторы, наиболее решающие из которых принадлежат мужчине, совершающему насилие.
Ключевые слова: мужчины, женщины, домашнее насилие, услуги социальной работы, снижение уровня домашнего насилия.
УДК 34:316
DOI: 10.24411/2312-8267-2021-10306
I. Introduction
The home that is the cradle of happiness can turn into hell for women because they can be deprived of their liberty and autonomy there. In Vietnam, domestic violence has been a concern since the late 1990s of the twentieth century. Several national studies carried out have shown the prevalence and severity of this problem over the past ten years. Typically in 2020, we had seen that children and women were most affected in the period of the Covid 19 pandemic. Many people faced violence and unsafe living environments. In the world, the rate of domestic violence has increased from 30% to 300%. In these cases, children and women are both observers and victims. In Vietnam, the rate of domestic violence increased by at least 30% during the period of the Covid 19 pandemic [3]. Violence can be restrained and eliminated by men because if they are the "creating" factors, they can also be the "eliminating" factors. In recent years, in Vietnam, many international organizations, and social and non-governmental organizations have been interested in calling for men's participation in promoting gender equality, preventing and reducing domestic violence through social work services supporting men who commit violence. Many necessary methods and approaches are applied in social work activities to help men who directly or potentially perpetrate violence against women properly recognize and change perceptions and acts so that they don't commit violence against women [4].
In the past few decades, many social work services for men to prevent and reduce domestic violence have been developed. In the United States, the Alternatives to Violence Program (ATV Program) is a special program that has been created and operated in Long Beach, California since 1979. The minimum intervention period for a group of men committing violence to make a significant improvement in their commitment to improving is 18 months, and their progress is mirrored in the program's goals. People who had committed acts of violence in the programs had been "Re-entered society". They understood that their violent and controlling behavior was so unacceptable that they had to stop it [1]. In Vietnam, CCHIP Vietnam (The Center for Creative Initiatives in Health and Population) has established an "Integrated Model for Gender-Based Violence Prevention based on medical facility and community" in Cua Lo Town, Nghe Province for a model for a responsible group of men (For men causing violence). Having experienced the activities, most of the members found that they had learned much knowledge and behaviors related to gender, gender-based violence, law, and communication. Since then, they have applied the knowledge and skills they have learned to live to make their family happier and more harmonious [2].
The topography of Quang Ninh Province is typical in the country because there are mountains, mainland, and islands. Quang Ninh Province always achieves economic - cultural - social growth in the group of provinces with the highest growth rate of Vietnam. In terms of domestic violence, Quang Ninh Province is one of the leading localities and always pays more attention to gender equality. Quang Ninh Province has deployed a variety of social work programs and services to reduce domestic violence, including the group who perpetrate violence. This is the first study in Vietnam evaluating men causing domestic violence's accessibility to social work services for limiting this issue. It includes assessments of demand, accessibility, the responsiveness of services, and factors influencing men's access to social work services for diminishing domestic violence in Quang Ninh Province. The study recommends several solutions based on the findings to improve the quality of social work services given to men who commit abuse to minimize domestic violence in Quang Ninh Province and Vietnam in general.
II. Data and analytical methods
Location and time of study
The study took place in Quang Ninh Province in 3 areas representing the geographical features of the Province, which were Van Don Island District, Ha Long City, and Hai Ha District. The implementation period was from April 2020 to November 2020.
Questionnaire survey
A referendum fact sheet is used in the quantitative survey to determine the status of men who perpetrate domestic violence and their access to social work services to mitigate domestic violence.
Table 1. Description of male respondents (N = 300)
No. Characteristics Criteria Amount Ratio
1 Age Under 40 years old 183 61
Over 40 years old 117 39
2 Ethnic groups Kinh 239 79.7
Others 61 20.3
3 Place of residence Van Don 100 33.3
Hai Ha 91 30.3
Ha Long 109 36.3
4 Educational attainment Secondary School or lower 118 39.3
High School 144 48
College - University or higher 38 12.7
5 Average income / month Under 5 million dong 196 65.3
Over 5 million dong 104 34.7
6 Average income / month of a wive Under 5 million dong 198 66
Over 5 million dong 102 34
Depth interview
The survey interviewed 23 people. There were 6 women (victims of domestic violence), 6 men (men causing domestic violence), 3 officers of Vietnam Women's Union, 3 social workers, 3 leaders in charge of Cultural Office or Office of Labors, War Invalids and Social Affairs of the surveyed area, 1 leader of Department of Labors, War Invalids and Social Affairs, and 1 leader of the Provincial social work center.
Group discussion
This research organized three groups of discussions in three surveyed regions, with 9 accountable administrators and support workers in attendance. The contents aimed to examine the advantages and disadvantages of men using social work programs to mitigate domestic abuse. They helped us find out about the strengths and weaknesses of management agencies and relevant officials in implementing social work services to reduce domestic violence. Thereby, we could propose ways to improve the efficiency of social work services for men to prevent domestic violence.
III. The level of access of men with social work services to reduce domestic violence
3.1. Demand for the participation of men with social work services to reduce domestic violence
Table 2 demonstrates the demand of men to engage in social work services aimed at mitigating domestic abuse. Social work services are classified into five groups with specific contents. The common demand for use is measured on the basis that the interviewee requires any specific content related to that service. The findings demonstrate that the majority of men who commit violence need to participate and use five social work services to minimize domestic violence because the rate of voting for all 5 services is over 50%. Club service for men committing the abuse is most likely to be joined and used with 83%, followed by legal consulting services (79.7%), communication, advocacy, and education services to raise awareness (66.7%), psychological
counseling services (61.7%), and finally job support services (56.7%). Men's special demand for taking part in activities of each service to diminish domestic abuse is shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Men's special demand for taking part in social work services and specific activities to decrease
domestic abuse
The support services Common demand for use Contents Demand for use
N %
1. Communication, advocacy and education services to raise awareness in domestic violence preventio 66.7% Being provided with a Handbook on Gender Equality and the Advancement of Women; Reporting, Video clips, VCDs, CDs posted on mass media, provincial portal, social work news, leaflets, posters, banners, and slogans for propaganda about the program on domestic violence prevention 198 66.0
Participating in the training course and cultivating skills to manage anger and control violent behavior 197 65.7
Participating in training and cultivating classes to enhance knowledge related to family; improving skills in controlling, consulting, responding, and solving the gender inequality in society and family life, and domestic violence. 193 64.3
Joining the Club for Marriage, Family, and Gender Equality 191 63.7
Participating in group activities for perpetrators to share ways to control anger and avoid violent behavior 184 61.3
Participating in live conferences on knowledge, laws, and policies on gender equality and domestic violence prevention 148 49.3
2. Job support services for men committing violence 56.7 % Providing knowledge on the labor market, creating a connection for workers inside and outside the province to promote their relations with enterprises 165 55.0
Job counseling and recommendation for male workers through a local employment agency 165 55.0
Connecting job opportunities for men through job exchanges that are held on monthly 163 54.3
3. Legal counseling for men causing violence 79.7% Providing information about the rights of those who have been victims of violence 213 71.0
Showing the perpetrator the consequences of their actions, the legal proceedings they will face, and their obligations 200 66.7
Penalties for domestic violence 195 65.0
Responsibility of the perpetrator 195 65.0
4. Personal psychological counseling and support services 61.7% Free call center 18001769 on issues of gender violence, sexual abuse, human trafficking, marriage and family, and domestic violence prevention 182 60.7
Direct personal counseling at the social work center 179 59.7
Direct personal counseling at home 161 60.3
The support services Common demand for use Contents Demand for use
N %
5. Club for male groups who commit violence 83% Consulting and giving support services to members in need 228 76.0
Members learn how to settle family disputes without resorting to violence. 219 73.0
Using fun and interesting situations to help members understand and learn life skills in family dispute resolution. 211 70.3
Organizing activities talking about the importance of the father in the family (Knowledge contest, cooking contest, and the entertainment contest ...) 198 66.0
Providing opportunities for men to try new approaches to strengthen family relationships, raising children, and building happiness to make sure that men will share the household chores and follow women's rights. 188 62.7
The coordinator provides knowledge to change behavior and raise awareness on topics such as sexism in birth, gender stereotypes, gender violence against women, and Law on domestic violence prevention and control. 184 61.3
The coordinator and staff of relevant organizations provide working experiences to help families grow their economies and sustain their happiness. 183 61.0
3.2 Responsiveness of social work services for men to diminish domestic violence
The study has been conducted to know the responsiveness of social work services for mitigating domestic violence based on integrating comprehensive programs and men who have experienced domestic abuse. Analyzing the evaluation of the group of men who experienced the responsiveness of support activities, the results showed that in all 5 service groups, most men assessed that these service groups did not meet their needs and expectations. However, communication, advocacy, and education services to raise awareness in domestic violence prevention have partly met their needs (see Table 3).
Table 3. The evaluation of men on the responsiveness of social work services to reduce domestic abuse
Services Quantity of men who have experience d services Evaluating the responsiveness of support activities
Not meeting the demand Meeting a small part of the demand Meeting a large part of the demand Meeting the entire demand
N N N N
Communication, advocacy, and education service to raise awareness in domestic violence prevention 169 73 68 22 6
Job support service for men causing violence 32 13 6 2 11
Legal counseling service for men causing violence 54 35 13 6 0
Personal psychological counseling and support services 36 29 5 1 1
The club supports a group of men with violent behavior 14 13 1 0 0
3.3 Evaluation of social work services for men for decreasing domestic violence
3.3.1 General evaluation of social work services for men for decreasing domestic violence
Through assessing the responsiveness mentioned, it is said that social work services for men to mitigate domestic abuse have not yet been effective and have not met the demand of users. Interviewees were asked to give a general assessment of social work programs to get a more accurate view of these services. The results showed that most of the men in all 3 regions were confused about the positive level of services. However, there are promising signs that the number of men who "agree" in ten comments ranks second, at about 20-30 percent. Thereby, it can be seen that the implementation of social work services has met the requirements of a large number of men participating (see Table 4).
Table 4. Evaluating social work services for men to limit domestic violence (%)
No. The general assessment of services supporting men who commit violence to reduce domestic violence Level %
Agree Wonder Disagree Totally disagree
1 Providing service in a prompt and timely manner. 20.0 39.3 20.3 20.3
2 The content of the service program is consistent and authentic. 27.0 38.7 12.3 22.0
3 The social worker (consultant and support) is friendly, enthusiastic, and professional. 32.3 52.0 7.7 8.0
4 There is flexible coordination with relevant agencies, departments, and mass organizations. 26.3 53.0 13.7 7.0
5 Support measures are comprehensive. 32.0 52.0 12.0 4.0
6 Meeting the demand of users. 19.0 40.3 25.7 15.0
7 Social workers follow professional ethics. 23.7 46.7 14.0 15.7
8 Social workers possess the expertise, qualifications, and experience necessary to deal with violent men. 22.0 47.7 12.3 18.0
9 The service is delivered straightforwardly. 24.0 48.7 11.7 15.7
10 Professional services are rendered by authorities. 20.0 31.0 18.0 31.0
3.3.2 Evaluating each type of social work service for men to reduce domestic violence
This study designed the survey questions corresponding to each type of support, in which it listed contents of services provided for men to evaluate the effectiveness of each social work activity. There are 4 levels for men to survey and express their opinion of activities or services they used to use: If the average value is from 1 to 1.5, it means "Disagree". If it's from 1.51 to 2, it means "Partially agree". If it's from 2 to 2.5, it means "Mostly agree". If it's above 2.5, it means "Totally agree". The following are the conclusions of the investigation:
Communication, advocacy, and education to raise awareness: The process of male participation in using communication, advocacy, and education services to raise awareness in domestic violence prevention and control has gained high satisfaction and consensus of the male participants through surveys. The male perpetrators participating in the service completely agreed that the communication service helped them understand that when they are angry, they had to also refrain from finding appropriate solutions, not violence against their wives ( average score is 2.78). Men who commit violence are fully aware of the Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control (average score is 2.62). Men are completely active in domestic violence prevention and control (average score is 2.68). Men gradually limit and finish acts of violence against their wives (average score is 2.66). Men are well aware of gender stereotypes in daily life (the average score is 2.68). Men are well aware that their acts of abuse against women are against the Law (average score is 2.78).
Job support services: 32 men who have used the above services agree mostly with positive reviews after using these services, of which the average score is the lowest of 2.03. Solving
problems ofjobs and creating jobs gain the highest score of 2.34. The average score for connecting male employees to directly promote business relationships by job exchange is 2.34. They connect workers like me with companies to directly develop industrial relations through job exchange.
Legal consulting service: The percentage of men accessing and using this service is still small (18%). However, all 54 men who have used the service mostly agree and completely agree with positive assessments in the process of participating in legal counseling services for men causing violence. From there, it can be said that if the proportion of men accessing and using legal consulting services increases, domestic violence reduction will be very effective. Men causing violence mostly agree that they have mastered the rights of victims (average score is 2.39). They are well aware of the perpetrator's obligations (average score is 2.43). They are supported in legal processes (average score is 2.37). They've received legal assistance (the average score is 2.44). They've also received support after their divorce (the average score is 2.31). They have known the penalties for domestic violence through legal advice (average score is 2.56). They understand their violent behavior corresponds to the level of punishment and their responsibilities (average score is 2.54). They have received advice on how to write applications and declaration (average score is 2.52).
Personal psychological support service: 36/300 men who responded to the survey said they had engaged in and used personal psychological support service for men to commit violence, accounting for 18%. This is a small percentage of male perpetrators accessing and using this service. If men use this service, there will be a direct effect on changing attitudes and acts of violence, making a significant decrease in domestic violence. 54 people who used this service all showed positive results. They mostly agree that this service helps them reduce stress and frustration (average score is 2.33). They have prevented their next act of violence (average score is 2.33). They are comfortable sharing their feelings with victims (average score is 2.28). They have received emotional and physical support when being unhappy (average score is 2.39). They fully agree that psychological counseling has helped them self-control and control their anger (average score is 2.72).
Club for men who causing violence: The percentage of people participating in this service was the lowest in the 5 services in Quang Ninh Province (reaching 4.7%). Because at present, there is only one men's club formed in 2019 in Quang Thanh Commune, Hai Ha District, Quang Ninh Province. However, the results are neither comprehensive nor effective in the long term due to short-term activities, unattractive content, unprofessional management of the group, and a limited number of members. As a result, many men using this service don't agree that they have mastered the Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control (average score is 1.29). This service has created open-minded discussions with victims, helping them engage in activities of the club as well as in the program of preventing and combating Gender Violence in the locality. However, men who perpetrate violence also mostly agree that thanks to this club, they prevent the next violent acts (average score is 2.14). They control themselves and their anger (average score is 2.14). They understand the importance of families, sharing duties and jobs, and becoming a good parent (average score is 2.14).
IV. Factors affecting men's accessibility to social work services for limiting domestic violence
The results show that men's accessibility to violence to social work for diminishing domestic violence is still limited. Especially, the quality of using social work services is considered to be inadequate. Explaining the reasons that social work services have not met the demands, men have listed some reasons in the following table:
Table 5. The rate of assessing the reason why the social work services for men causing violence have not met
their demand
Contents Approval rating (%) Ranking
People/customers do not know or do not trust support services. 59.0 1
There are not many support staff. 57.7 2
Support activities/programs are inefficient and lack clear guidance. 52.0 3
The attitude of service delivery agency is not good. 48.3 4
The social worker lacks professionalism, knowledge, and expertise. 47.7 5
Support activities are not diversified and have not met the demand of customers. 47.0 6
Information is not clear. 45.0 7
The coordination of functional organizations is inefficient and lacks linkage. 43.7 8
Time is short and mere. 41.7 9
Services are slow and procedures are intersectional. 33.0 10
Men's opinions were measured into averages from the following question to determine the impact of relevant factors: "In your opinion, to what extent do the factors listed below affect your approach to one of the five categories of social work services for men to mitigate domestic violence?" There are 5 levels of impact. The highest score is 1 and the lowest one is 5. The results indicate that men's voluntary commitment has the greatest impact on their attendance.
Table 6. Men's assessment of the impact of these factors on their participation in social work services
Influencing factors Average score Meaning
Voluntary participation and willingness to fulfill requests when using the service of men participating in services (individual factor) 1.43 Huge impact
Enthusiastic attitude and professional skills of service providers (factor of the capacity of social workers and local officials) 1.98 Huge impact
Support of family members (Family factor) 1.51 Huge impact
Sanctioning provisions of the Laws (Factor belonging to legal policies) 1.86 Huge impact
Physical conditions and funding of the guarantee service (Financial factor) 2.21 Medium impact
Support of neighbors, friends, and colleagues, ... (Factor belonging to the community) 2.41 Medium impact
1. The factor belonging to men causing violence
This is the most important component in the men's process of accessing and using social work services to reduce domestic violence. A sense of compliance and commitment to participate in the desire for their change is the leading reason that makes social work services have not met their needs (accounting for 59 %). When asked about their experiences in the process of accessing one of the above services, the percentage of men using voluntarily the service was only 43%. The willingness to receive activities during the process is 44.3%. The majority of them find that
willingly engaging in and implementing demands when using the service is the most significant factor deciding the outcome of the method of using services, according to the findings of the in-depth interview.
2. Factors about the capacity of social workers and local officials
Social workers and related officers are the links between men who perpetrate violence with social support resources and services. They provide perpetrators with knowledge, skills, and support appropriate activities and services for changing perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. This is the key reason why social work services for men perpetrating violence have not met their needs. According to the male respondents, the service provider did not connect and promptly solve their problem. They lacked a formal demeanor. The potential for professional expertise was insufficient. They were particularly unenthusiastic and rude throughout the working phase (the rate of answers to this problem is from 56 to 64%). It was a significant weakness in implementing social work programs for men to minimize domestic abuse in today's society.
3. The family factor
Attitudes, words, and behaviors of family members, especially the wife, have a significant and positive influence on men's access to social work services as well as the results of the participation process to use these services. Participants all said that family members did not support them in using services. Family members have not provided a positive atmosphere for them to improve their aggressive behavior. The wife has not expressed, helped, or trusted them to change their actions (the rate of this answer is from 56 to 60%). The results showed that the majority of men who perpetrated violence did not receive support from family members when they used services, and did not motivate them to access social work services. It is also possible that the perpetrators do not share with their families to find resources actively supporting them during the process of using services.
4. Factors belong to the legal policy
Laws on domestic violence and local legislation on the content of social work services to minimize domestic violence are examples of legal policies. This is the leading group of causes affecting the assessment of whether the social work services for men who cause violence meet their needs or not: The proportion of service activities/programs that are inefficient and lack precise guidance is 52%. The Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control passed in 2007, specifies the types and ranges of punishments for various types of conduct, ranging from administrative fines (ranging from 100,000 to 30,000,000 VND) to felony charges. However, the vast majority of men interviewed said they were unconcerned about the sanctions.
5. Financial factor
People who use the service do not appreciate the financial impact much because they are not creators but users. 59.7% of respondents said they were unsatisfied with the question "Do
you feel comfortable with the working atmosphere (including rooms, teaching materials, and work equipment) and logistics when you join in and use the service?". However, this is also the concern of all staff in implementing social work services for men to mitigate domestic violence. That is also a big reason why the proportion of men having access to these services is so low. According to relevant leaders and social workers, financial conditions greatly impact men's accessibility and the feasibility of delivering these programs. A leader of the Division of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs in the District said that "Funding for domestic violence prevention is limited, even it is extremely little. For example, in 2019, the budget of the district for domestic violence prevention and control was 40 million VND. In which 20 million dong were assigned to the Vietnam Women's Union and 20 million dong was for the Division of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs. The 20 million dong was barely enough to cover the cost of printing panels, leaflets, and slogans to raise awareness about domestic abuse prevention and control on Vietnamese Family Day (on June 28th), and the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women (on November 25th). Therefore, where does the budget for other activities to reduce domestic violence caused by men come from?".
6. The factor belongs to the community
Men confess that they do not inform their neighbors, friends, or coworkers about their participation in and use of the service (including surrounding relationships). They don't have much
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faith in these relationships. Or maybe they have low self-esteem about their acts of violence. Therefore, they don't want many people to know them because they are afraid of being mocked or blamed? Or maybe they do not want to seek or rely on any help from the community. As a result, the proportion of men who do not obtain community help for accessing social work services is very high (61.7%).
V. Conclusion
In general, men who used the services thought that all five social work services for men who committed violence were successful. Communication, advocacy, and education programs to raise awareness are the types of social work services that are most valued and optimistic. After that, it is the legal advisory service, the personal psychological support service, the job support service, and finally the club for men. Therefore, if more men are attracted to participate and use these services, domestic violence will decrease. However, according to the survey, the service that men most need to use is the club for a group of men who commit violence. Therefore, it is necessary to build and replicate the model of this club to meet their demand.
Men using 5 social work services assessed that these services did not meet their demand. Analysis of the factors affecting men's access to and usage of social work services shows that the factors that belong to the individual are the most important ones. Therefore, promoting their willingness to engage and their optimistic attitude toward social work services is a critical factor in the success and effectiveness of implementing these services for minimizing domestic violence. The next aspect is the ability of social workers and other relevant personnel. It's considered the most common cause of ineffectiveness in the process of engaging in and using the services of men. The same effect is the family factor. Therefore, mobilizing supportive resources from the families of perpetrators will contribute to the success and effectiveness of their access to and use of social work services. Finally, there are considerations relating to state policies and regulations, and financial and community-related factors.
Some suggestions: The author suggests several ideas based on the above findings to increase men's access to social work services for reducing domestic abuse.
Solution 1: Increasing investment and support for domestic violence prevention
The goal is to raise funds to enhance and improve the standard of social work programs aimed at reducing domestic violence in general and men who perpetrate violence in particular through a range of events.
Solution 2: Replicating the model of the club for men in all areas
The purpose is to build a separate space for men who perpetrate violence through activities in the club to change and raise their awareness, attitudes, and behaviors, minimizing acts of violence against their wives.
Solution 3: Enhancing expertise for staff in implementing social work services
The aim is to improve working capacity for the staff in charge of domestic violence prevention and control, especially related to implementing social work services for men. This enables them to have the necessary expertise and skills to work with male perpetrators in a versatile and constructive manner.
Solution 4: Strengthening communication to raise awareness and promote different types of social work services for men causing violence
The purpose is to raise awareness for men on issues related to gender stereotypes, gender violence, and domestic violence to limit acts of violence in the family and community. Moreover, it will increase men's capacity to recognize, access, and engage in social work programs for minimizing domestic abuse.
Solution 5: Implementing communication and education activities for adolescent boys from the High school system or higher to raise awareness, perceptions, and behaviors on the elimination of domestic violence
This is a method of preventing and combating domestic violence from the beginning through an educational aspect. It will help adolescent men change awareness and improve understanding about gender inequality, power relations, and relevant knowledge. The sooner they become conscious, the less likely they are to use aggression after getting married. Since
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then, their understanding and participation in social work programs for limiting domestic
violence will gain a long-term commitment.
References / Список литературы
1. Alyce La Violette. Intervention techniques for persons who commit acts of domestic violence, 2014.
2. CHIP & FORD FOUNDATION, I am a responsible man - the guide and operator of a male group in domestic violence prevention and control. Hanoi: Culture Information Publishing House, 2017.
3. UNICEF VietNam. Rapid assessment on the social and economic impacts of Covid - 19 on children and families in VietNam. 8/2020.
4. Department of Gender Equality, Minister of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairs, and Social Affairs. Document on guidelines for working with men who perpetrate violence (For social workers). Hanoi: Thanh Nien Publishing House, 2016.
