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2. Бицермайстер С.Д. Микробиологическая диагностика заболеваний тканей пародонта//Новое стоматология-2003.№7.-С.27-30.
УДК 616-097
Saidov M.A.
Infectious Diseases and sanitary and hygiene department
Kokand medicine college Uzbekistan, Kokand city
ABOUT IMMUNITET
Annotation: In human organism, immunity is maintained by white blood cells, ie leukocytes. Leukocytes fight, eliminate, and defend the body's disease.
Key words: leukocyte, immune system, microbial toxin, antigen, anatoxin, antitel, vaccine, cholera, chewing gum, measles, serum.
A complex of means to protect the body's environment from the effects of various microbes and foreign agents is called immune system. Immunity is derived from the Latin word "immunitas" and means liberation and liberation. Immune immunology studies.
The mechanism of protection of the protection varies. Some of them can prevent the growth and reproduction of microbes, while others can neutralize toxic (toxic) substances produced by foreign substances. Different tissues and organs are involved in the formation of immune system. According to the classification currently used, immunity is two types:
1. Natural or immature immunity.
2. Specific specific immunity.
According to the mechanism of action, immunity to antimicrobic and toxin. It is naturally natural that it is born of immunity, which is associated with biological features inherent to a living being, and which has been acquired during evolution. Like other morphological and physiological features, this feature is also transmitted from generation to generation. In other organisms, the stagnation of other organisms is associated with immune system against the disease-causing microbes. For example, humans do not have meningitis, measles, or sweat.
Natural immunity is not specific. Under the effect of lack of vitamins, frostbite, fatigue, it weakens.
Along with the individual development of the body, it is called the immune system, which is formed throughout its lifetime. The acquired immunity will always be specific. For example: A patient suffering from a sore throat can only neutralize the toxin inhibitor toxin and do not interfere with other microbial toxins.
The immune system formed after the infectious disease is naturally acquired, ie the immune system after infection.
The immune system created by the immune system, either alive or killed, is called immune system. Natural acquired immunity can be maintained for a long time, sometimes for decades, even lifetime (for example, after measles, chin).
Artificial acquired immunity will be reduced for a short period of time. Immune and chronic infections after the immune system persists for 5-7 years, sometimes 10 years, after many vaccines for 1-2 years. Artificial acquired immunity can be both active and passive. The immune system is immune to the body's immune system that is generated by vaccine, anatoxin. At the same time, due to the antigen (vaccine or anatoxin) transmitted antibiotics - antiteles or antitoxins, there are active changes in the organism protection systems. As a result, a person who is vaccinated against a particular disease is not infected. If the vaccinated person or animals are taken to another person with blood serum, then the condition of the infected person is also evident. In this case, the body receives ready-made protective substances. That's why the immune acquired in this way is called a passive immune system. It will be short and stored for 3-4 weeks. Immunity from mother to child is also passive.
Typically, vaccines and antitoxins are used for preventive purposes for immunization. Blood serum is mainly used for therapeutic purposes.
Mechanisms and factors of immunity are different. They are as follows:
1. Protection properties of skin and shingles;
2. Protection features of the normal microflora of the organism;
3. Inflammation and phagocytosis;
4. Urinary function of lymphoid tissue;
5. Gumoral factors of immunity (antiteles, complement, blood features,
etc.);
6. Reactivity of cells and tissues.
The immune system is formed by the proportionality of the factors mentioned above.
Types of acquired immunity:
Immunity Artificial acquired immunity from natural conditions Immune Deficiency In Patients with Active Infectious Disease Immune Deficiency Immunity from antibiotics that passes through the placenta and breast milk to the child through the passive mother. Immunity after blood circulation.
Immunity Artificial acquired immunity from natural conditions Immune Deficiency In Patients with Active Infectious Disease Immune Deficiency Immunity from antibiotics that passes through the placenta and breast milk to the child through the passive mother. Immunity after blood circulation.
Immunity Artificial acquired immunity from natural conditions Immune Deficiency In Patients with Active Infectious Disease Immune Deficiency Immunity from antibiotics that passes through the placenta and breast milk to the child through the passive mother. Immunity after blood circulation.
Reference:
1. Подымова С.Д. Болезни печени. — М.: Медицина, 2005.
2. Лазебник Л.Б., Голованова Е.В., Ковязина И.О., Шапошникова Н.А. Эссенциальные фосфолипиды в терапии неалкогольных стеатогепатитов. //СonsiliumMеdicum. - 2007. - Том 09. - N 7. - С.24. И др. авторы.
UDK 81-22
Sharopova Sh.K.
Teacher of department "Languages " Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization engineers of Bukhara branch
Uzbekistan, Bukhara city ESSENTIAL CHANGES IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN UZBEKISTAN
Annotation: Knowledge of languages becomes an indispensable part of every person. The method of teaching foreign languages has acquired a special significance - a communicative approach, which is an indispensable condition and the most important tool for teaching a foreign language.
Keywords: strengthening of integration trends, the students talking time, PEPC technology.
Today in modern Uzbekistan special attention is paid to the development of teaching foreign languages. Changes in socio-political situations, the development of international relations, the strengthening of integration trends, a new look at the future of our country and new goals require the training of highly qualified specialists who are practically proficient in one or several foreign languages. Knowledge of languages becomes an indispensable part of every person. The method of teaching foreign languages has acquired a special significance - a communicative approach, which is an indispensable condition and the most important tool for teaching a foreign language.
In the system of professional higher education, along with traditional methods of teaching, interactive methods are used that are aimed at students acquiring communicative competence. The development of communicative competence will allow students to form speech skills that enable the language to be used to meet professional needs and further self-education. At the heart of interactive technologies is the interaction of the teacher and students, which manifests itself through dialogue, polylogue communication, realized through interactive exercises and tasks [Vartanova 2014, 34]. In interactive learning, each student tries to make a special contribution, they exchange ideas and knowledge, which is carried out by joint activities of students in the process of mastering the teaching material. Therefore, interactive exercises are oriented not only to student-teacher interaction, but also to student student interaction, since all students of the group are involved in the learning process as much as possible and
