CC BY
4Kholmurodov Sh.
Tashkent state pedagogical university named after Nizami
Uzbekistan, Tashkent
A ZONING OF TURKISTAN-NUROTA MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES
FOR RECREATION
Abstract: This article involves the theoretical and methodological aspects of natural geographical zoning and zoning of the study area. The zoning and description of Turkestan-Nurata mountain landscapes for recreational purposes are also covered.
Keywords: natural geographical zoning, natural territorial complex, recreational zoning, recreational landscape region, zone, province, region, province, okrug, district, natural monument.
It is said in the geographical literature that natural geographical zoning is the central or main problem of natural geography (N.A. Kogay, 1969; V.I. Prokayev, 1983), natural geographical zoning is one of the problems of landscape (F.N. Milkov, 1966), natural geographical zoning is one of the general natural geography part (N.A. Gvozdetskiy, 1979), natural geographical zoning is the doctrine of natural geographical stratification (K.N. Dyakonov, 1977) or natural geographical zoning is a kind of object classification (V.B. Sochava, 1978).
I.S. Shchukin (1947), D.L. Armand (1952, 1970, 1973), E.M. Murzayev (1953), N.I. Mikhaylov (1955, 1962) , F.N.Milkov (1956, 1967, 1984), A.A.Grigoryev (1957), N.A.Gvozdetskiy (1960, 1979), V.M.Chetirkin (1960), V.S.Preobrajenskiy (1961) , 1968, 1969), A.G.Isachenko (1962, 1965, 1991), L.N.Babushkin, N.A.Kogay (1963, 1971), N.A.Kogay (1969), V.M.Chupaxin (1964), A.A.Abdulqosimov (1965, 1966, 1990), V.I.Prokayev (1974, 1978), V.B.Sochava (1975, 1978), A.E.Fedina (1981), L.A.Alibekov (1982), S.A.Nishanov (1984), A.N.Nigmatov (2007) and others made a great contribution in the development of theoretical and methodological issues of natural geographical zoning.
Natural geographical zoning is a general scientific zoning, in the words of A.G. Isachenko (1991), "...it is possible to create a practical zoning, directed at solving certain problems on the basis of general scientific zoning" (p. 280). Thus, it can be said that the main purpose of natural geographical zoning is to determine what does region consists of natural complexes, and determines their vertical and horizontal structure and territorial differences (Sh. Zokirov, 2004, p. 11) or natural geographic zoning can be done from the outset for one or another practical purpose
(p. 13).
Allocated parts and taxonomic units during geographical zoning are a set of influences and consequences of nature and people on it, or any zoning serves as the same purpose - to achieve harmony between human and nature (A. Nigmatov, 2004,
p. 15).
On the base of zoning the regions for the purposes of any human activity, a landscape-ecological approach involves the knowledge about regional and typological properties of natural territorial complexes (V.Chupaxin, 1970).
The main principle of natural geographical zoning is the identification, delimitation and classification of original NTC (Natural Territorial Complexes) in nature (A. Isachenko, 1965; V. Prokaev, 1983; V. Chupaxin, 1970, etc.).
Recreational zoning is a separate form of information and natural territorial differences that it is the natural-scientific basis for the correct placement of recreation.
Hence, natural-geographic zoning schemes can be used in recreational zoning, especially in the separation of large taxonomic units.
Recreation zoning is the division of an area into parts according to the same characteristics, as well as the principles of the nature of use in recreation. Important features of recreational zoning are: the degree of mastery of the area for recreational purposes and the structure of the recreational function (treatment, rehabilitation, tourism, excursions). At the same time, the general geographical principles of zoning are the basis for recreation zoning: objectivity, territorial integrity, the complexity of scientists, the attractiveness of the regions and the primacy of forms of recreation and tourism.
In recreational zoning, the followings are selected as the features of the region: the structure of recreational tasks related to the extensive use of recreational resources (medical, tourism, sports, etc.); the level of mastery of the area for recreation (developed, medium and underdeveloped district); the degree of openness of the area; mastering prospects.
It is clear that the zoning of recreation in mountainous areas poses some difficulties. Because any mountain range is a unique integral product, but the watershed parts of the mountains often serve as an important natural-geographical boundary, which includes the opposite slopes into different natural units. This is probably true in terms of recreational zoning.
Typically, in practice, a five-tier system of taxonomic units (zone, region (province, okrug) district) is used in recreational zoning.
"... The mountainous and foothill territories of Uzbekistan are part of the foothills and mountainous sub-provinces of the Turan natural-recreational province. The natural-geographical province of Turan corresponds to the province of Turan, separated by the natural-geographical region of Central Asia by N.A. Kogay (1969).
There is an internal difference of natural conditions in the foothills and mall province of mountain... . Therefore, its territory can be divided into natural-geographical okrug ... "(I. Hasanov, 2004, pp. 24-25). Based on this principle, I.A. Hasanov (2004) identified natural-recreational areas in each of the foothills and mountain parts of districts of Uzbekistan.
In this zoning, sub-province - okrug - district taxonomic units are divided. However, the Turkestan-Nurata mountain ranges are not specified, it is included in the Central Zarafshan and Mirzachul okrug.
On the research of N.A. Kogay (1969), to zoning the boundaries from the mountain and foothill sub-province of Turan province, Central Zarafshan okrug was divided into Nurata - Gallaorol - Sangzor districts, and a mountain and foothill parts into Zamin. The mountains of Turkestan are not shown in the okrug or in the district. It is not clear which district it is included in.
P. Baratov (1996) divided the okrug of Turkestan - Nurata into natural geographical regions of Turkestan and Nurata based on the purpose of the manual.
Sultonov Yu., F.Otakulov (2004) identified the following recreation areas on the example of Fergana Valley:
1) intermountain valley recreational landscape district (RLD); 2) between hills and beyond hills (RLD); 3) river valleys (RLD); 4) basin of springs (RLD); 5) artificially planted forests (RLD); 6) occupying the basins of reservoirs, irrigation and reclamation networks (RLD) (p. 66).
On the view of A.N. Nigmatov (2007), it is logical that in the scheme of ecotourism zoning of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the mountains of Nurata and Turkestan are divided as separate natural geographical regions. However, in the words of A.G. Isachenko (1991), "Each natural geographical region is a structural unit of higher regions and an integration of lower levels of geosystem", showing that it is a complex hierarchical system"(p. 277).
In the scheme of natural geographical zoning of the Syrdarya and Zarafshan rivers by S.A. Nishanov (1984), our research area is in the part of the Pamir-Tianshan province of Central Asia region, Turkestan and Nurata mountains are separated as alone regions, which include districts (6) and small districts (16). We adapted it for use for recreational zoning purposes, setting the number of small areas at fifteen, and we described only the recreational natural areas themselves.
1. Chumkartag recreation district occupies the northern slopes of Chumkartag (Turkestan) ridges (west of Shahristan Pass) and it is divided into Rushan and Kokjar small recreation districts (-picture). The small district of Rushan occupied the highest parts of the ridge. March and November also have a lot of cold days, so it is inconvenient for recreation. But the small district of Kokjar extends from the mountain slope to the north almost to the valley of the Sangzor River. The territory of this small district includes health-improving, sports-health, water sports (Novkin reservoir), swimming, excursions to pine forests and natural monuments, mountain and water tourism, sun and air baths, observation of fauna, placement of recreational activities such as photos and has the potential to develop.
2. Molguzar recreation district is divided into small districts: Molguzar, Ravot-Pishagor, Zaamin, covering the entire northern part of the mountain and the northern slopes of the eastern part of the Turkestan ridge. The district has prospects for the development of recreation - recreation, treatment, mountain tourism, extreme tourism, mountain mountaineering, water sports (Khojamushkent, Sarmich reservoir), excursions to natural historical monuments, pilgrimage, scientific and cultural recreation. There are also facilities for organizing group and family vacations in the spring and early summer months.
3. Sangzor-Zominsuv recreation district occupies the northern slopes of Turkestan ridge, i.e. the upper part of Zominsuv River and the middle and upper parts of Sangzor River valley and Kyzylmozor basin, and it is divided into Sangzor, Kizilmozor and Zominsuv subdistricts. In the recreation district, there are many types of recreation, very favorable conditions for the organization of tourism and winter sports. Many of their species are still active today. The clear mountain air, lush pine forests, clear springs and streams, mountain peaks are pleasing to any person. In addition, the district is very rich in natural monuments. It should be noted that all opportunities in the district are sufficient for the development of all types of recreation in the future.
4. Nurata Recreation district includes Nurata Range, its northern, southern, eastern slopes, and the much flattened Kokbulak Basin, which extends to Sangzor River Valley in the east. The district is divided into small recreation districts such as Osmonsoy, Nurata-Koytash and Kokbulak. The climatic conditions of the district are extremely hot in summer and relatively cold in winter; consisting mainly of small streams, it allows the development of seasonal (mainly in the warmer months of the year) types of limited and sparse recreation of forests. However, there are opportunities to develop recreational activities such as health resorts, guest recreation, natural monuments, excursions to shrines, sports and research.
5. Gallaorol recreation district is divided into Gallaorol and Garasha-Savruk sub-districts, occupying Gallaorol, Koytash (Savruk) and Koshrabad mountain ranges. The region has prospects for the development of recreational activities for excursions such as balneological treatment, seasonal recreation, water sports, hunting, fishing, hiking, forestry, mountaineering, gold mining and excursions to shrines.
6. Gobdin-Karakchitag recreation district is mainly divided into two small districts of the same name, which occupy the northern slopes of both mountains. Due to the fact that it consists mainly of low mountains, it is not very rich in water resources, and the predominance of dry steppe landscapes, the cost of recreation is not so high. Only short-term vacations are available in late spring and early summer.
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