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A STATISTICAL ANALYZE OF PASTURE PLANTS OF KASHKA-DARYA BASIN FOOTHILLS
Uktam Eshtemirovich Khujanazarov, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
A STATISTICAL ANALYZE OF PASTURE PLANTS OF KASHKA-DARYA BASIN FOOTHILLS
Abstract: ecological monitoring indicates the modern condition of the biodiversity in foothills pasture plants. The characteristic spectrum of foothills pasture plants was studied and analyzed on all life forms of the plants. Kashka-Darya basin foothill pasture plants on ecological observations were investigated as critical due to desertification periods.
Keywords: ecology, life form, foothill, climate, Kashka-Darya basin.
1. Introduction
Kashka-Darya basin is one of the parts of Uzbekistan, that its foothills pasture plants are very diverse. To protect of the biodiversity is the main tasks of the environment. An original geomorphologic structure of Kashka-Darya basin, climate, that diversity of natural condition notes the peculiarities of the rich flora, seasonal and zonal distributions. The territory belongs to the temperate climatic zone. The climate is dry continental with long, hot and dry summer season; the winter season is short with mild frosts and little snow. The average annual temperature is 13°C - 14°C, the average temperature ofJanuary is 0°C -2°C, average temperature of the July is 26°C - 28°C, the annual precipitation is 400-600 mm [4].
2. Materials and Methods
Foothill plants with restricted range often grow in stressful conditions due to climate changing and feeding of livestock. Pollution, grazing, farming, recreation exerts extremely negative influence on these populations, and can lead to their reduction or even extinction. Considering these facts, we studied the modern ecological positions of Kashka-Darya basin pasture plants.
Field research was performed during May and June 2017 by traditional phytosociological methods with description of plant associations, collection of herbarium
[1]. The main materials of pasture plants of Kashka-Darya basin foothills for statistical analyze are "Flora of Uzbekistan" (Volume I-VI), "Determinant of Central Asian plants" and own sources. The life structure of populations was defined in accordance with T. A. Rabotnov
[2] and A. A. Uranov [3].
3. Results and Discussion
According to the received data analyzes of scientific researches and scientific sources, we defined the plants belonging to 73 of family, 323 of genera (genus) and 624 of species in the territory. A large family and genus were located by means of majority of the species. According to the plenty of the species, the first place belongs to Asteraceae, the second place to Poaceae, the third place to Fabaceae families. The majority of the species, belonging to leader families (Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae) and genera (Astragalus, Artemisia) approaches to flora of Central Asia mountain districts.
The most endemic species are representatives of the following families: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Che-nopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Boragi-naceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae. It was used of the simplified variant of I. G. Serebryakov classification to analyze the life forms of plants spreading in Kashka-Darya basin foothills pastures (Table 1).
There are recorded 624 species and life forms are widespread in the following: trees - 13, shrub and dwarf shrubs - 34, semi shrubs -19, semi dwarf shrubs -15, perennials -316, biennials -27, annuals -303 (Table 3). The life forms of trees, principally is belonging to Salica-ceae and Rosaceae families, and there are formed brush wood and foothills trees.
Shrub and dwarf shrubs are belonging to 34 of species and 13 of families. The main species are concerning to Polygonaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae families. 19 species of semi shrubs are suitable for Chenopo-diaceae and Asteraceae families. Originally there are
Section 1. Biology
15 species in foothills and these are semi shrubs, belonging to Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae families. Genus of Artemisia creates the desert and foothill zone pastures. Artemisia is the edificatory in these areas. Cenopopulation of Artemisia are widespread principally in gypsum and gravel places of sandy deserts and foothills.
Perennial herbaceous plants are 316 species and these plants are related to 54 of families. These species include the family of Poaceae-37, Fabaceae-32, Asteraceae-33, Lamiaceae-23, Apiaceae - 16. Annual plants consist of 240 species and these plants are memberships of 36 families. On the life forms annual species include in the following: Chenopodiaceae-33, Poaceae-28, Asteraceae-27, Brassicaceae-21.
Table 1. - Leader families and genera of plants spreading in Kashka-Darya basin foothill pastures
№ Family Number A lot of genus in family Number of species
genus species
1. Asteraceae 41 80 Astragalus 22
2. Poaceae 34 66 Cousinia 11
3. Fabaceae 16 58 Veronica 10
4. Chenopodiaceae 19 46 Salsola 10
5. Lamiaceae 16 36 Artemisia 9
6. Brassicaceae 22 28 Lappula 8
7. Apiaceae 16 24 Delphinum 7
8. Boraginaceae 14 25 Lathyrus 7
9. Scrophulariaceae 11 23 Bromus 7
10. Ranunculaceae 6 17 Suaeda 7
4. Conclusions
In general, the density and structure of populations of plants indicate that their state is not satisfactory with the exception of Asteraceae family species. Absence of
plants in the foothills and the small composition of the plant representatives indicate critical state of this area that in Kashka-Darya basin on foothills due to desertification.
References:
1. Rabotnov T. A. Vital Cycle of Perennial Grassy Plants in Meadow. Proceedings BIN AN USSR, Geobotanics, -Moscow & Leningrad, - 1950. - No. 6. - P. 7-204.
2. Uranov A. A. Age Specter Phytocenopopulation as Function of Time and Energetic Wave Processes. Scientific Lecture of Higher Schools. Biologycal Sciences, - 1975. - No. 2. - P. 7-34.
3. Williams M. W. and Konovalov V. G. Central Asia Temperature and Precipitation Data. Boulder, Colorado: USA National Snow and Ice Data Center, - 2008. - P. 1879-2003.
4. Shomurodov H. F., Khuzhanazarov U. E., Beshko N.Yu., Akhmadalieva B., Sharipova V. K. A Demographic Structure of Populations of Salvia Lilacinocoerulea Nevski, a Rare Species Endemic to the Western Pamir-Alay (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan). American Journal of Plant Sciences, - 2017. - 8. - P. 1411-1422.
