A formation of the alfalfa entomofauna Текст научной статьи по специальности «Биологические науки»

U krainian Journal of Ecology

Ukrainian Journal ofEcology, 2021, 11(10), 1-8, doi: 10.1 5421/2021_311

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A formation of the alfalfa entomofauna

A.D. Rixsikhodjaevna1'*, R.A. Yusupovich2, H.P. Bobakulovna1

1 Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan 2Karshi State University, Uzbekistan Corresponding author E-mail: khuzhanazarov74@mail.ru, shga2065@yandex.ru Received: 19.10.2021. Accepted: 03.12.2021.

The paper involves data on alfalfa entomofauna, which was composed of the composition of entomocomplex of alfalfa, including 207 species of phytophagous and 159 species of entomophagous. The formation of the entomofauna of alfalfa agrobiocenosis was detected in alfalfa of different years. The nutritional specialization and nutritional characteristics of the phytophagous and entomophagous were determined.

Keywords: Alfalfa, insects, phytophages, entomophages, parasites, nutritional specialization, polyphages, ligophages, monophages.

Introduction

Alfalfa is an extremely valuable legume and plays an important role in terms of nutrition, agrothecnic, melioration, and phytosanitary. However, because alfalfa is infested with many invertebrates at different stages of development, not only is its large yield lost but also nutrients are drastically reduced. Importantly, alfalfa agrobiocenosis is aimed at maintaining natural entomophagous populations, creating favorable conditions for their reproduction and attracting them to the protected field, reducing the number of pests of alfalfa and other agricultural crops, preventing their mass reproduction. Because alfalfa agrobiocenosis is the primary source of beneficial insects (entomophagous, plant pollinators), it is also important to enrich agrocenoses against natural pest populations of high-yielding entomophagous against pests of other agricultural crops (Ellington et al., 1997; Hoch et al., 2001). In order to study the process of formation of the alfalfa agrocenosis entomofauna in the country, we carried out calculations on one-year, two-year and three-year alfalfa fields.

According to the nutritional properties of common phytophagous in annual alfalfa, monophages involve 7.9%, including Sttona longulus is dominant species, oligophages are 15.7%, Sttona cyiindricoliis is dominant species, polyphages are about 77.4%, as the dominant species we can note Acyrthosiphon pisum Therioaphus trifoiii, Lyguspratensis, and they were recorded (Khamraev et al., 2000; 2001).

Materials and Methods

To study the ways of the formation of alfalfa entomofauna, accounting work was carried out on alfalfa and seedbeds of different ages (first, second, third, and more). The density of dominant species in alfalfa and weeds was determined by K.K. Fasulati method. We determined the population density according to the following formula:

r = -;.................(1)

n

Here, V-the population density;

R-the total number of species in all samples;

N-the number of taken samples;

The occurrence of the species was studied according to the following formula.

„ nx100

P =. ............(2)

N

where n is the type of sample found; N-the total number of samples taken; P meeting

Dominance (predominance), relative abundance was determined in relation to the number of breeds of common species;

^ R x 100

D =. ............(3)

K

Here, D-dominance

K-the sum of species of species in all samples; R-the sum of the species.

Calculations were also performed on plant residues using the soil sampling method (at least 32 samples measuring 25 x 25 cm in each variant).

By the method of F.M. Uspensky, the quantitative number of harmful species in foreign plants was calculated on average 1 m2 depending on the stages of development.

K xZ x100

X =-p. ............^

In this case A-the number of pests per 1 m2 area; K-average number of weeds per 1 m2; R-the total number of plants considered; Z-the number of plants on which the pest is spread.

The number of wild arthropods in alien plants was determined according to the stage of development.

The species composition of weeds in irrigated agricultural areas was studied using a weed identifier (Khamraev, A.Sh., 1999).

Results and Discussion

Distribution of phytophagous plants by level of specialization in nutrition in one year (%)

According to nutritional specialty, 26.3% of the total phytophagous is fed on the roots of alfalfa, the dominant species are Agriotes meticulosus and Sttona cyiindricoiiis. The productive organs of the plant are infested with 7.3% phytophages; the dominant species are Lygus pratensis, L.gemelatus, andAdelphocoris iineolatus.

According to the nutritional properties of phytophagous, it is composed of 13.6% monophages in two-year alfalfa, the dominant species are Sttona longilus, Phytonomus variabilis; oligophages are 20.7%, Sttona cylindricollis, Agromyza mint are dominant species; polyphages are 65.7%, Austroagallia laevis, Cicadella viridis, Empoasca meridiana, Aphis crass, Lygus pratensis, Adelphocoris iineolatus are the dominant species.

Nutritional distribution of phytophagous in 2-year-old hay alfalfa (%)

Depending on the specialty of nutrition, 60.23% of phytophages feed on alfalfa leaves, twigs and stems, so Phytonomus variabilis, Sttona cylindricollis, Aphrodes fergansis, Cicadella viridis, Empoasca meridiana, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Heliothis viriplaca and Heliothis viriplaca are dominant species, 9.3% of phytophages feed on the root system of alfalfa, Sttona cylindricollis, S.longulus, Agriotes meticulosus are the dominant species, 14.7% of phytophages are fed with alfalfa organs (combs, flowers, and legume), Lygys pratensis, L.gemellatus, Adelphocoris Iineolatus are the dominant species and 16.77% of other phytophagous insects feed on the rests.

Nutritional distribution of phytophagous insects in 2-year-old hay alfalfa (%)

According to the nutritional characteristics of the three-year-old alfalfa, 10.7% of the phytophages are monophages, Phytonomus variabilis and Sttona costipennis are the dominant species, 12.11% are oligophagous, Sttona cylindricollis and Agromyza mint are the dominant species, 77.29% are polyphagous, Caiiiptamus ttalicus, ttalicus, Cicadella viridis, Empoasca meridiana, Aphis craciv pratensis, Thrips tabaciare the dominant species.

Distribution of phytophages according to nutritional properties in 3-year-old hay alfalfa (%)

Depending on nutritional characteristics, 60.86% of alfalfa stems, twigs, and leaves are infested by phytophagous, so Phytonomus variabilis, Sttona cylindricollis, Aphis craccivora are dominant species. 6.89% of the alfalfa roots are infested by phytophages; Gryiiotaipa gryllotalpa and Agriotes meticulosus are dominant species. 16.1% of pests are fed by the productive organs of alfalfa, and here Lygus pratensis, L.gemellatus, and Adelphocoris Iineolatus are the dominant species. Distribution of phytophagous on nutritional characteristics in 3-year-old hay alfalfa (%) According to the nutritional characteristics of biennial alfalfa, monophages-28.2%, Phytonomus variabilis, Bruchophagus roddi are dominant species, oligophages-31.1%, Therioaphis trifolii and Sttona cylindricollis are dominant species, polyphages-40.7%, Lygus pratensis, L.gemellatus, Adelphocoris Iineolatus, Thrips tabaci are the dominant species.

Distribution of phytophagous on nutritional characteristics in 2-year-old seed alfalfa (%)

Depending on nutritional characteristics, 61.9% of phytophages feed on alfalfa stems, twigs and leaves, Aphis craccivora, Therioaphis trifoiii, Phytonomus variabilis are dominant species, 15.5% of phytophages feed on the root system with Sttona cylindrical/is and S. longulus are dominant species, 22.6% of phytophages feed on plant reproductive organs with Lygus pratensis, L.gemellatus, Adelphocoris Iineolatus, Bruchophagus roddi are the dominant species.

Distribution of phytophages according to nutritional characteristics in 2-year-old alfalfa (%)

Omnivorous pests are dominated according to the nutritional nature in the annual alfalfa, we observed an increase in the number of oligophagous and monophagous in biennials. In seed alfalfa, although the number of oligophages and monophages is significantly increased, the number of polyphages predominates.

According to nutritional specialization, phytophagous is dominated in alfalfa of all years that feed on the stems, twigs, and leaves of the plant. We observed an increase in phytophages in annual alfalfa due to the large number of species of the family Cicadellidae. In both two- and three-year-old alfalfa, representatives of the same family made up the majority, and the growth of specialized species of families such as Curculionidae, Miridae was found.

The number of phytophages feeding on the roots of alfalfa is high in annual alfalfa (26.3%), a sharp decrease in phytophages was observed in alfalfa of two years (9.3%) and in alfalfa of three years (6.89%), which is directly related to the thinness of the roots.

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 11(10), 2021

In experiments, we studied the specialization of the food of species that live in wild plants as a source of pest formation. Among phytophages, we studied representatives of the Aphididae family to feed on a wide variety of plants, including alien plants belonging to 11 families (Gramineae, Compositae, Legiminosae, Chenopodiceae, Crucfferae, Solanaceae, Betulaceae). Tetranichus urticae feeds on representatives of five families (compositae, Crucfferae, Leguminosae, Solansea, Chenopodiaceae). We determined the nutrition of phytophages in various plants. Representatives of Tenebrionidae, Acrididae, and Grylidae feed on five family plants (Gramineae, Compositae, Leguminosae, Chenopodicea, and Malvaceae); Representatives of the families of Miridae, Pentatomidae, Thripidae, and Chrysomelidae feed on plant species belonging to three families of wild plants. During our investigation, we identified 59 plant species belonging to 17 families of wild plants that grow near the edges of the field. In terms of species composition, the Gramineae family includes a more extensive species (17 plant species), 12 plant species belong to the Camposttae family, and 5 plant species belong to the Chenopodiaceae family. Three plant species from both Amaranthacea and Cruciferae families of Amaranthacea, Cruciferae were defined, 1 plant species from each family was recorded, such as Papavereceae, Ceratophyllaceae, andPlantaginaceae families.

Representatives of the families Cicadelidae, Acrididae, Buprestidae, and Aphididae dominated in terms of the number of species in the diet. As phytophages emerge, entomophagous also begin to migrate to alfalfa. Representatives of the families Coccinelidae, Chrysopidae, andSyrphidae are common in alfalfa, which is used for different purposes (hay, seeds) in different years. The formation of harmful entomofauna in annual alfalfa is directly related to the amount of nutrients. Due to the instability of the plant phytomass, all-consuming pests predominate. These species feed on weeds that grow in the field and in the alfalfa. Later, due to the formation of plant cover and the interaction between insects and the plant, oligophages begin to displace all species. As the ecological environment stabilizes in the crop, monophages begin to displace oligophages. This is because old alfalfa is the source of monophagous, but some monophages that later migrate to alfalfa than oligophagous and polyphagous will later become the dominant species. Because alfalfa is their favorite plant, it leads to rapid multiplication and development of monophages due to favorable environmental conditions in the crop.

11 genera, 5 subgenera, 43 families, 158 seeds, and 207 species of phytophagous were recorded in the areas studied. The identified species were classified according to their nutritional characteristics and nutritional specialization (Table 1).

Table 1. Composition of species and nutritional characteristics of phytophagous alfalfa agrobiocenosis.

Name

1

Type Mollusca Class Gastropoda Genera Stylommatophora Siccinea putrus L. ValloniapuCchella Mull. Type Arthropoda Class Arachnida Genera -Acariformes Familia Tetranychidae Tetranychus urticae Koch. Class Insecta Sub Class Apterigota Genera Podura Sminthurus viridis L. Sub Class Pterygota Genera Orthoptera Big Familia Tettigonioidae Familia Tettigoniidae Tettigonia caudata Charp. viridissima L Desticus albifrons Fabr. Phaneroptera faisata Poda. Platycleis intermedia turanica Znr. Big FamHia Grylloidae FamHia Oecanthidae Oecanthus turanicus Uv. FamHia Gryliidae Gryllus bimaculatus De. G. Tartarogryllus burdigaiensis Latr. Melanogryllus desertus Pall. Pteronemobius heydeni P/Fisch. FamHia Gryllotalpidae Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L Big FamHia Acridoidae FamHia Acrididae

Occurrence In alfalfa In wild plants

2 3

Feature

4

Nutrition

Specialty

5

* m

* m

*

* m

♦ m

*

■

*

■

*

■

■

Calliptamus barbarus cepha/otus F-W. ■■■ ■ ■ *

C. ttalicus ttaiicus L. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

C.turanicus Serg.Tarb. ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Anacridium aegyptium L. ■■■ ■■■ ■ *

Acrida oxycephaia Pall. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Truxalis eximia Eichwaid. ■■■ ■■■ ■ *

Duronnieiia gracilis Uv. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

D. kaimyka Ad. ■ ■■■ ■ *

Dociostaurus maracanus Thunb. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

D. tartarus Stshek. ■■ ■■ ■ *

D. kraussi nigoreniculatus Serg. Tarb. ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Eremipus persicus Uv. ■ ■■ □ *

Chorthippus (s. str.) dichrous Ev. ■■■ ■■■ ■ *

Ch. turanicus Serg. Tarb. ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Epacromius tergestinus Charp. ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Ailopus oxianus Uv. ■■ ■■■ □ *

A. thallasinus Fabr. ■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Locusta migratoria migratoria L. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Oedipoda miniata miniata Pall. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Sphingonotus satropes Sauss. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Spingoderes carinatus Sauss. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Oedaleus decorus Germ. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Genera Homoptera

Sub Genera Auchenorrhyncha

Familia Aphrophoridae

Lepyronia coleoptrata L. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Philaenus spumarius L. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Familia Cicadeiiidae

Hephathus unicolor Lindb. ■■■ ■■■ ■ i

Austroagallia zachvatkini Viib. ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Anaceratagallia venosa Fourc. ■■ ■■■ ■ * i

A. aciculata Horv. ■■ ■■■ ■ i

A. kingradica Dub. •■ ■■■ ■ i

A. laevis Rib. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ i

A. acuteangulata Zachv. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

A. alabugensis Dub. ■■ ■■■ ■ i

A. collicola Dub. ■■ ■■■ ■ i

A. turanica Dub. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

A. carsia Mit. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Batracomorhpus irroratus Lew. ■■ ■■■ □ *

Eupelix cuspidata F ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Aphrodes ferganensis Dub. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Cicadella viridis L. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Empoasca meridiana Zachv. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

E. minor Zachv. ■■ ■■■■ ■ *

E. uzbekorum Zachv. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Kyboasca bipunctata Osh. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Chlortta aclydffera Diab. ■■ ■■■ □ *

Asianidia asiatica Kush. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Pseudophlepsius binotatus Sign. ■■ ■■■ ■ * i

Circuiffer opacipensis Leth. ■■ ■■■ ■ * i

C. haematoceps M. -R. ■■ ■■ ■ *

C. tenellus Bak ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Macrosteles laevis Rib. ■■ ■■■■ ■ *

M. quadripunctulatus Kbm. ■■ ■■■ • *

Euscelidius mundus Hpt. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Euscets iineolatus Brulle. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Eu. piebejus Fall. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Psanemotetix striatus L. ■■■ ■■■■ ■ * i

P. dubovskyi Viib. ■■ ■■■ ■ * i

Famita Delphacidae

Asiraca clavicornis Latr. ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Laodelphax striatellus Fall. ■■ ■■■ ■ ♦

Toya propinqua Fieb. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Ribautodelphax zeravshanicus Dub. ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Famita Dictyopharidae

Distyophara europaea L. ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

D. longirostris Wlk. ■■ ■■■ • *

Familia Cixiidae

Pentastiridius pallens ■■ ■■■■ ■ *

P. formicarius ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Reptalus rufocarinatus ■■ ■■■ ■ *

R.nigronervosus ■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Hyalesthes obsoletus ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Familia Tettigometridae

Tettigometra varia ■■ ■■ □ *

T viteliina ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Famiiia Issidae

Scorlupaster asiaticus ■■ ■■ ■ *

Brachyprosopa bicornis ■ ■■ ■ *

B.umnovi ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Sub Genera Aphidinea

Famíiia Callaphididae

Therioaphis trifoiii ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Familia Aphididae

Triba Aphidini

Sub Triba Aphidina

Aphis craccivora ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

SubTriba Macrosiphina

Acyrhosiphon pisum ■■■ *

Genera Hemiptera

Familia Pentatomidae

Antheminia lunulata *

A. aliena *

Brachynema germari *

Holcostethus pettatus ■■■ ■■■■ □ *□

Dolycoris penicillatus ■■■ *

Codophila varia ■■ *

Familia Coreidae

Camptopus lateraiis ■■■ ■■■ • □

Coroimeris vitticollis ■■ ■■■ • □

Familia Miridae

Adelphocoris jakovlevi ■■■ V

A. lineolatus ■■■■ V

Brachycoleus decolor ■■ ■■■ ■ V

Camptobrochis punctulatus ■■■ ■■■ ■ *

Campylomma verbasci ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Lygus gemellatus ■■■■ V^

L pratensis ■■■■ V^

L. rugulipennis V^

Plagiognathus bipunctatus V

Poec/loscytus cognatus ■■■■ V

P. vulneratus ■■■ V

Trigonotylus rufcornis ■■ V

Genera Thysanoptera

Sub Genera Terebrantia

Familia Thripidae

Frankiiniella intonza ■■■ ■■■ ■ V

F. pallida ■■■ V

Kakothrips robustus ■■■ ■■■ • *

Odontothrips confusus ■■ ■■■ • V

O. phaleratus ■■■ ■■■ • V

O. loti ■ ■■■ ■ V

Thrips tabaci ■■■■ V

Subgenera Tubulifera

Familia Phloeothripidae

Haplothrips reuteri ■■ ■■■ ■ V

Genera Coleoptera

Familia Carabidae

Anisodactylus pseudoaeneus ■■■■ ■■■ □ *

Amara similata ■■■ V

Ditomus semicyiindricus ■■■ *

Ophonus calceatus ■■■ *

O.rufipes ■■■■ *

Zabrus morio ■■■ *

Familia Silphidae

Aclypaea turkestanica ■■ ■■■ □ *

Silpha tristis subsp. Costata ■■ ■■■ □ *

Famllia Scarabaeidae

Lethrus appendiculatus ■■■ ¡9

L costatus ■■■ ¡9

L. rosmarus ■■ 9

L. microbuccus ■■■ ■ 9

L. superbus ■■■ ■■■■ ■ 9

L. pygmaeus ■■■ ■■■■ ■ ¡

Small Famiiia Ruteinae

Cyriopertha glabra ■■■ ■ ♦

Small Famiiia Melolonthinae

Cryphaeobius brunneus ■■■ ♦

Lasiexis dHaticoliis ■■ ♦

Panotrogus myschenkovi ■■■ ■ ♦

Xanthotrogus fortis ■■■ ♦

Small FamHia Cetoniinae

Cetonia aurata ■■■ ■■■■ ■ V

Epicometis turanica ■■■ ■■■■ ■ 9

Oxythyrea cinctella ■■■ *

FamHia Melyridae

Malachius aeneus ■■ *

M. ambiguus ■ ■■ □

FamHia Elateridae

Adelocera funebris ■■ ♦

Agriotes caspicus ■■■ ♦

A. meticulosus ■■■ ♦

FamHia BBuprestidae

Julodis variolaris ■■ ■■■ ■ ♦

Sphenoptera (s.str.) laticeps ■■■ ■■■ □ ♦

S. (s.str.) mohtana ■■■■ ■■ □ ♦

FamHia Nttiduiidae

Melygethes planisculus ■■ ■■■ □

FamHia Mordelidae

Mordeliistena pumlla ■■ ■■ □ *

FamHia Tenebrionidae

Gonocephalum rusticum ■■■ 9

Tenebrio obscurus ■■■ 9

FamHia Meloidae

Epicauta erythrocephala ■■■ V

Mylabris bigutteta ■■■ ■■■■ ■ V

M. caida ■■ V

M. crocata ■■ V

M. monnerheimi ■■ V

M. scabiosae ■■■ ■■■■ ■ V

FamHia Cerabycidae

Agapanthia violacea ■■ *

FamHia Chrysomeidae

Small FamHia Clytrinae

Labidostomis metallica centrisculpta ■■■■ *

Famiiia Curculionidae

Apion facetum ■■ ■ *V

A. fliirostre ■■■ ■■■ □ *

A. flavofemaratum ■■ • ♦

A. seniculus ■■ ♦

A. tenue ■■■ *

Eusomus ovulum ■■ *

Myllocerus benignus ■■ *

Phytonomus variabHis ■■■■ ■ □ *

Sitona callosus ■■ * 9

S. costipennis ■■ ■■■ □ 9

S. crinitus ■■ 9

S. cylindricoliis ■■■■ 9

S. flavescens ■■■ 9

S. fronto ■■■

S. humerais ■■■ ♦

S. inops ■■■ *

S. iineellus ■■■ *

S. longulus ■■■ • *♦

S. sulcifrons ■■ *♦

Tychius aureolus ssp. femorais ■■■ □

T flavus ■■■■ □ □

T junceus ■■ ■■■ • □

Genera Lepidoptera

Familia Lithocolletidae

Lethocolletius insignitella ■■■ ■■ ■ *

Familia Tortricidae

Clepsis strigona ■■■ ■■ ■ *

Famiiia Crambidae

Nyctegretis achatinella ■■ • *

Famiiia Noctuidae

Agrotis segetum ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ * ®

A. exclamationis ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

A. ipsilon ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Xestia c-nigrum ■■■ ■■■ ■ *

Discestra trffolii ■■■ ■■■ ■

Mamestra aleracea ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Mythimma unipuncta ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Spodioptera exigua ■■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Heiothis viriplaca ■■■■ ■■■ ■ *

H. peltigera ■■ ■■■ ■ *

Heicoverpa armigera ■■■ ■■■ ■ *

Syngrapha circumflexa ■■■ ■■■■ ■ *

Autographa gamma ■■■ ■■■ ■ *

FamHa Pieridae

Colias erate ■■ ■■■ • *

FamHa Lycaenidae

Palyommatus icarus ■■■ ■■■ ■ *

FamHa Geometridae

Tephrina avenaceria ■■■ ■■■ ■

Anattis (Aplocera) plagiata ■■ ■

Genera Hymenoptera

Sub Genera Apocrtta

Big FamHa Chalcidoidae

FamHa Eurytomidae

Bruchophagus roddi ■■■■ • □

Big Famla Apoidae

FamHa MegachHidae

MegachUe pacifica ■■■ ■

Genera Diptera

Famlia Cecidomyiidae

Contarinia loti ■■■ • v

C.medicaginis ■■■ □ v

Dasyneura ignorata ■■■ □ *

Note: en masse—", usual-"; occasionally—; random-; monophages-^; oligophages-^; polyphagous-^; alfalfa leaves, twigs and

stems-*; the root of the alfalfa-^; alfalfa stalks, flowers and pods-v; alfalfa seed-^; seedling period of alfalfa -H.

Conclusion

The study of the formation of alfalfa entomofauna showed that it directly related the formation of harmful entomofauna in annual alfalfa to the amount of food. Because of the instability of the plant phytomass, all-consuming pests predominate in the crop. These species feed on weeds that growing in the field and in the alfalfa. Later, due to the formation of plant (alfalfa) cover, oligophages displace all species. This is because the old alfalfa is the primary source for the transition of monophages to the crop. We observe the process of formation of beneficial entomofauna of alfalfa due to transferring entomophagous plants from weeds around the crop. However, the process of formation of entomofauna, including beneficial fauna, can be influenced by agrotechnical measures applied to the cultivation of alfalfa and cotton rotation.

References

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Khamraev, A.Sh., Abdullaeva, D.R. (2001). Semi-hard-breasted alfalfa agrobiocenosis of the north-west and north-east of Uzbekistan. Proceedings of Universities. Chemical and Biological Sciences, Tashkent, 2:23-25.

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Citation:

Rixsikhodjaevna, A.D., Yusupovich, R.A., Bobakulovna, H.P. (2021). A formation of alfalfa entomofauna. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. 11:1-8.

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