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Section 2. Biology
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-6-8
Mirkhamidova Parida, Doctor of biology, professor Babakhanova Dilnoza Bahodirovna,
E-mail: dilnoza.boboxonova@mail.ru Khuzhanazarov Uktam Eshtemirovich, Candidate of biology, djsent Isabekova Maxin Abdurahmonovna,
Tutor
Ziyamukhamedova Sabohat, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami
Candidate of biology, djsent
A determination of antioxide vitamin C during the period of growth of grains and leguminous plants
Abstract: Vitamin C is supposed as strong antioxidant, plays major role in the process of oxidation. The aim of the research is to find out preparations such as high antioxidant by using of local productions. There is a difference in the quantity of vitamin C in cultivated grains and leguminous plants that it is supposed to depend on the period of growth. It differentiates at 1-st, 3-rd, 5-th, 7-th and 9-th days.
Keywords: Carotinoid, flavonoid, ascorbinatoxidaza, cultivated corn, barley, oats, lentil, soybean.
A biological importance of antioxidants in organisms of animals and plants is so high. Antioxidant compounds inhibit the free radicals and periks oxidation of lipids in organism [3]. Natural oxidants involve phospholipids, tokoferols, vitamins A, K and karoti-noids, flavonoids, polyfenols, ascorbic acids and lemon acids [5; 6].
We can use the antioxidants for against of line illnesses for correction [7].
Vitamin C is the strong antioxidant, and it is useful in oxidation-returning reactions and it takes part in collogen synthesis, iron and fo-lat acid exchanging, hormone and katecholamin synthesis and others.
Sweet- brier, black smorodina and walnut are rich with ascorbic acids and we can prepare the extract and concentrates from them and it uses in medicine [8]. There are many sources that vegetables and fruits have ascorbic acids [4].
It was defined that various biological active matters have antioxidant properties in grown grain plants [1; 2].
The main aim of our research is to search the preparation which it is rich with high effective antioxidant properties and it is easy to take them from national products.
The objects of the research: grown wheat, barley, oats, lentil, soya bean. We held our research on wheat, barley, oat, lentil and soya
bean plants, which they are cultivated in 1, 3, and 5, 7 and 9 — days of growth periods. We defined the antioxidant property of vitamin C quantity and activity of ascorbinatoxidize ferment in the grain and leguminous plants. To define of vitamin C quantity is based to property of returning of 2, 6-dychlorindofenol in the sour condition of ascorbinat acid. In this condition the dense of blue color of 2,
6-dichlorindofenol indicator (oxidized form) changes to returning form by ascorbat acid [9].
We defined the activity of ascorbinatoxidize ferment by spectrophotometer in 265 nm wave length and give attention to the quantity of ascorbic acid [9].
Ascorbic acid has the maximum returning property of the ray (light) in this wave length. Ascorbic acid is oxidized by ascorbinatoxidize influence. The oxidization level of ascorbic acid is a right proportion of ferment activity.
Our results showed that the quantity of vitamin C on the antioxidant property belongs to growth period ofgrain and leguminous plants and it was differentiated on quantity.
It was defined that the quantity of vitamin C in grown grain plants which in barley is more high than wheat and oats in the 1, 3,
7-grown days (table-1).
Table-1. - A quantity of vitamin C in grown grain plants (mg/%)
Grown days wheat barley oat
1 day period 15,54±0,3 27,28±0,88 18,48±0,88
3 days period 47,52±1,7 39,6±4,4 16,28±0,74
5 days period 25,08±0,42 36,08±5,8 1,98±0,44
7 days period 33,88±0,44 69,81±5,47 36,52±1,32
9 days period 24,2±1,3 18,48±0,88 22±3,52
A determination of antioxide vitamin C during the period of growth of grains and leguminous plants
In growing period of barley the quantity of vitamin C is high that it consists offirst day — 27,28 mg/%, third days — 39,6 mg/%, seventh days — 69,8 mg/%.
In leguminous crops that lentil and soya bean's growing period the quantity ofvitamin C is high in soya bean than lentil. Its high quantity consisted of48, 4 mg/% on seventh days ofgrowing period (Picture 1).
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
I
✓— L
□ soya bean
□ lentil
1-day 3-day 5-day 7-day 9-day
Picture 1. Quantity of vitamin C in grown plants
Thus, the most quantity of vitamin C consisted of47,52 mg/% on the third days of growing period in wheat, on the seventh day of barley — 69,81 mg/%, on the seventh days of oat- 36,52 mg/%, on the seventh days of lentil — 49,2 mg/%, on the 7th days of soya bean — 54,4 mg/%. There are ascorbinattoxidaza ferments in all plants. This ferment catalyses the L- ascorbic acid to oxidization of dehydroascorbic form. There is 0,26% copper in ascorbina-toxidaza. At first, activity of ferment was determined in cabbage loaf [4].
It is known that dehydroascorbic acid is biological active, is meet with ascorbic acid in plants' tissue and in certain condition changes to ascorbic acid consequence of ferment's influence [8].
In grain and leguminous crops in growing period, we defined the activity of ascorbinatoxidaza [9].
According to the results, ascorbinatoxidasa ferment's activity is changeable in grain and leguminous plants' growing period and it determines that ferment's highest activity depends on grain and leguminous crops' growing period.
It was defined that ascorbinatoxidaza's activity in the third days of wheat is high than barley, oats in the growing period of grain plants and it organized 557, 6 g/min. The highest ferment's activity was defined in barley; it organized about 730, 2 g/min in the 7th day in the growing period of grain plants. The activity of ferment is an equal to 441, 3 g/min in oats (Picture 2).
Picture 2. Ascorbinatoxidaza activity in grown grain plants
g/min 700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
□ Lentil
Shade soya bean
1st day 3rd day 5th day 7th day 9th day
Growing days
Picture 3. Ascorbinatoxidaza activity in grown leguminous plants
It was cleared that the activity of ascorbinatoxidaza is high in soya bean plant in comparison with lentil in the 1st, 3rd, 5 th, 7th and 9th growing days of grown leguminous plants. The highest activity of ascorbinatoxidaza was defined in the 7th day of soya bean, it is 583, 95 g/min, and in lentil it is equal to 525 g/min (Picture 3).
So, the source of strong antioxidant such as vitamin C is formed in grown grain and leguminous plants, its quantity depends on their growing's periods. The highest quantity of vitamin C was defined in the 3rd day of wheat, barley, oats, lentil of grown periods and it was determined in soya bean's 7th grown days.
References:
1. Devis M., Ostin D. J., Patridj D. Vitamin C. Chemistry and biochemistry.// - M.: Mir - 1999. - P. 168.
2. Menshikova E. B., Lankin V. Z., Zentov N. K., Bondar and others. Oxidizer stress. Prooxidants and antioxidants// - M.: Firm "Word", -2006. - P. 556.
3. Shapiro D. K. Practical work of biological chemistry.//Minsk. Higher school. - 1976, - P. 285.
4. Kholmatov Kh.Kh., Ahmedov O. A. Pharmacagnosiya// - T.: Ibn Sino, - 1995. - P. 622.
5. Rogoshin V. V. Practicum on biological chemistry.//Sankt-Petersburg-Moscow-Krasnodor, - 2006. - P. 254.
6. Romanovskiy V.E, Senkova E. A. Vitamins and vitaminotherapy.//Series of "Medicine for all". Rostov -Feniks, - 2000. - P. 320.
7. Kazimirko V. K., Malsev V. I., Butilin VYu., Gorobes N. I. Free-radical oxidization and antioxidant therapy.//K. Morion, - 2004. - P. 160.
8. Zikriyayev A., Mirxamidova P. and others. The preparing method of grain products.Tashkent, - UZJAP 03647-30.04. - 2008 y.
9. Zikriyayev A, Mirxamidova P.and others.The getting method of Solod powder. Tashkent, - UZ JAP 03667- 30.04. - 2008 y.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-8-10
Zhurlov Oleg Sergeevich, Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia E-mail: jurlov1968@mail.ru
Comparative analysis of conversion of physicochemical properties of biofilm-forming bacteria resistant to the innate immunity factors
Abstract: We conducted a comparative analysis of conversion physicochemical properties of biofilm-forming bacteria that are resistant to the bactericidal activity of blood serum, lysozyme and fraction of low molecular weight platelet peptides. It was established that bacterial resistance to blood serum, lysozyme and low molecular weight platelet peptides correlates with low hydrophilic and high values of electrokinetic potential cells. The conversion of physicochemical properties of bacteria, during incubation with the innate immunity factors, has unidirectional character and contributes to the increase of hydrophilic cells. The shift of physicochemical properties a bacteria increases in the range - E.coli < S.aureus < coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance), electrokinetic potential.
Introduction
Relevance of the study a bacterial resistance to the innate immunity factors is caused by a significant growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotics [10], as well by increase in the number of immunocompromised patients [2]. Therefore, one of the important research directions is deciphering the mechanisms related to the formation of unsusceptible bacterial phenotype (morphotype), which is resistant to the innate immunity factors and antibiotics.
The combined selective effect of antibiotic therapy and innate immunity factors contributes to the selection of unsusceptible bacterial phenotype resistant to antibiotics and innate immune factors, what sometimes leads to bacteraemia and sepsis [7; 8]. The common pattern for clinical isolates of microorganisms, which were extracted from niduses of purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, is a high degree of hydrophilic of the surface both for bacterial cells [3] and yeast-like fungi of the genus Malassezia isolated from the cases of mycoses, accompanied by inflammatory changes to skin [1]. In this context, mechanisms related to the formation of resistance biofilm-forming bacteria to bactericidal activity of blood serum and low molecular weight platelet peptides represent the unquestionable interest [12; 13]. As we have previously shown [3], the main physicochemical indicator, which demonstrates the formation of resistant phenotype of microorganisms, is seen to be conversion (shift) of physicochemical properties of bacteria. Nevertheless, direction and value of conversion physicochemical properties (HLB and electrokinetic potential) of biofilm-forming bacteria resistant to the innate immunity factors remain unknown.
The objective of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of conversion physicochemical properties of clinical isolates biofilm-forming bacteria resistant to the innate immunity factors.
Materials and methods
The research was based on biofilm-forming strains of clinical isolates of bacteria extracted from urogenital infections and from the bile of patients with an infectious-inflammatory pathology of the biliary tract (cholangitis, cholecystitis). For the study we selected biofilm-forming strains ofbacteria (E.coli (n=36), S.aureus (n=12)) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (S.epidermidis, n=6; S.hominis, n=12; S.haemolyticus, n=11). Identification of bacteria was carried out on the basis standard methods by morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties with the use of standard systems «StaphyTest» and «EnteroTest I, II» (LaChema, Czech Republic).
In this study we used the frozen-dried preparation containing the mixture of antimicrobial peptides from human platelets (hPL), obtained from the platelet concentrates containing 0.55x10 11 platelets. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that the complex product of platelet lysate (hPL) contained proteins with a molecular weight 60-70 kDa, proteins with weight 20-25 kDa and low molecular peptides with weight 7.61-10.47 kDa [4; 9]. During the experiment we used the hen egg-white lysozyme (Sigma Aldrich, USA) solution with concentration 50 ^g/ml in sterile 0.15 M NaCl, and native blood serum sampled from 20 donors (with working concentration (50%) in 0.15 M NaCl).
