CC BY
11http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:70DB467F-6398-4B69-92A2-C70C52D627E6
DOI: 10.24412/2226-0773-2024-13-8-662-687
EDN: MTLGPF
A complex of taxa around Purpuricenus wachanrui Levrat, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
M.L. Danilevsky1, K. Hodek2
1A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect, 33, Moscow 119071 Russia
e-mail: [email protected]
2Havlenova 29, Brno - Štýřice CZ-63900 Czech Republic
e-mail: [email protected]
Key words: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycini, taxonomy, new rank, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Pakistan, Syria, Iraq, Cyprus.
Abstract: New rank is established for: Purpuricenus wachanrui robusticollis Pic, 1905, stat. nov. New synonyms are proposed: P. wachanrui Levrat, 1858 = P. nanus Semenov, 1907, syn. nov.; P. w. robusticollis Pic, 1905 = P. persicus Vartanis, 2023, syn. nov. P. zarudnianus Semenov, 1903 is confirmed as a species.
Introduction
Purpuricenus wachanrui Levrat, 1858 is extremely variable in many known populations (especially in Iran): body bigger or smaller, antennae can be longer or shorter, with 11 or 12 segments in one population, thoracic spines distinct or obliterated, black design of pronotum and elytra can be strongly developed or rather reduced. Similar populations are distributed mosaically in the country and similar forms can be strongly distant that makes difficult subspecies delimitation. Strong individual variability caused several taxa descriptions based on small series of specimens. We are going to show variability level in several populations.
Results
Purpuricenus wachanrui Levrat, 1858
Purpuricenus wachanrui Levrat, 1858: 261 - “Turquie”; Pic, 1905: 391 - région caucasique, Elbourz: Haute vallée de Chahroun; Aurivillius, 1912: 464 (= haussknechti Witte = aleppensis Witte = bilunatus Schaufuß = schönfeldti Heyden) - “Türkei, Kleinasien, Syrien, Persien”, “Cypern”; Plavilstshikov, 1940, part. (including haussknechti Gahan, 1906): 559, 570, 760 - Asia Minor, Cyprus, Syria, Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, Iran; Villiers, 1967: 363 - Asie Mineure, Irak, Arménie, Iran: “Shemiran, 10 km au nord to Téhéran”, “environs d’Ispahan”, “Shemshak”, “Mardabat”, “Shahrud”; 1979: 115 - Iran: “Ouest du col de Zagheb, près du Khorramabad”, “Daran”, “Taleqan”; Adeli, 1972 - Iran; Lobanov et al., 1982: 253 - Caucasus, Western and South-West Asia; Danilevsky & Miroshnikov, 1985: 214 - Nergram in Nakhichevan Republic of ASSR; Western Asia, Northern Iran; Al-Ali & Ismail, 1987 - 540, part. - Iraq; Rejzek & Hoskoveс, 1999: 265 - Turkey; Rejzek, Sama & Alziar, 2001: 266 - Turkey; Rejzek, Sama, Alziar & Sadlo, 2003: 165 - Iran; Sama et al., 2008: 117 - Iran, “Northern and western provinces”; Özdikmen, 2014: 622 - Turkey; 2023: 207, 209 - Turkey: Adana (Misis), Adıyaman (Nemrut Mt., Karadut), Bingöl (Central), Bitlis (Güroymak), Çankırı (between Şabanözü-Orta), Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Konya, Malatya, Muş (Buğlan pass), Tunceli (Munzur Valley, Pülümür), Van (Çatak); Danilevsky, 2020b: 283 - Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria; Kasatkin, 2021: 298 (= mesopotamicus Al-Ali & Ismail) - Iraq, Mosul prov., Siakh-Gyuivez; Turkey (Bulgan Gec., Bitlis, Tunceli), Iran.
Purpuricenus wachenrui, Schaum, 1862: 101 (misprint, unavailable name).
Purpuricenus bilunatus Schaufuß, 1871: 210 - Insel Cypern.
Purpuricenus haussknechti Witte, 1872: 207 - Kurdistan.
Purpuricenus haussknechti var. aleppensis Witte, 1872:208 - aus der Umgeggend von Aleppo.
Purpuricenus (s. str.) wachanrui, Ganglbauer, 1882: 741 (= haussknechti Witte) - “Türkei, Kleinasien, Persien”; Heyden et al., 1891: 346; 1906: 517; Winkler, 1929: 1183; Löbl & Smetana, 2010: 199 - Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq; Danilevsky, 2012a: 149 - Cyprus, Syria, Turkey.
Purpuricenus nanus Semenov, 1907: 254, syn. nov. - “Hab. Persiam occidentalem: prov. Gilan: pr. pag. Molla-ali”.
Purpuricenus wachanrui var. schönfeldti Heyden, 1890a: 79 - Sultanabad in Persien.
Purpuricenus robusticollis Pic, 1905: 9 - “Perse”; Ambrus & Grosser, 2013: 468 - “Esfahan prov., 40 km SE Aligudarz, Nowghan env.”, “Lorestan, 17 km SW Dorud, Tut village env., 1995 m,”, “Lorestan prov., Tootmashour, 33.41N 48.90E, 1995 m”; Vartanis, 2023: 1805 - Iran.
Purpuricenus schonfeldti var. atricolor Pic, 1912a: 4 - “Luristan”.
Purpuricenus schonfeldti var. quadrinotatus Pic, 1912b: 35 - Perse: Luristan.
Purpuricenus schonfeldti var. diversipennis Pic, 1915e: 6 - Aleppo.
Purpuricenus schauffelei Pic, 1956: 3 - Iran.
Purpuricenus wachanni, Davatchi et al., 1959: 241 (misprint, unavailable name) - Iran.
Purpuricenus mesopotamicus Al-Ali & Ismail, 1987 - 540, 541, part. - Iraq (Rawanduz): Khan Azad.
Purpuricenus ivachanrui, Modarres, 1997 (misprint, unavailable name) - Iran.
Purpuricenus (s. str.) mesopotamicus, Löbl & Smetana, 2010: 199, part. - Iran.
Purpuricenus (s. str.) robusticollis, Löbl & Smetana, 2010: 199, part., Iraq.
Purpuricenus persicus Vartanis, 2023: 1803, syn. nov. - Iran.
Type locality. Asian Turkey without more precise definition.
Description. Head black; antennae 11- or 12-segmented; male antennae from hardly surpassing elytral middle to about 2 times longer than body; female antennae reaching elytral middle; pronotum from red to black, usually red with black anterior and posterior margins, or black with red spots; elytra black with red central spots, which can be very small, widely separated, or larger, toching at middle, or large, widely conjugated, or totally disappeared; males from 10.1 to 19.8 mm long, females from 12 to 16.5 mm long.
Distribution. South-east Turkey, eastwards from Konya to Iranian border; Cyprus; Syria, Aleppo; West Iran from Turkish border to central provinces; Azerbaijan, southern border of Nakhichevan Republic.
The variability of the species is rather different in different populations. Several populations can be adequately represented by displaying significant series of specimens from the corresponding localities.
Purpuricenus wachanrui wachanrui Levrat, 1858
Tabs 1-8
Purpuricenus wachanrui Levrat, 1858: 261 - “Turquie”.
Type locality. Asian Turkey without more precise definition.
Description. Red color dominates on prothorax and elytra; body length in males: 10.1-19.5 mm, body length in females: 12-20 mm.
Known populations:
TURKEY
Nemrut Dagi, 45 km NEE Adiyaman, 37°57′51.94″N, 38°44′37.52″E, 14.6.-17.6.2008, R.Ambrus: 28 males and 23 females (R.Ambrus collection) - Map: loc. 2; Tab. 1; male antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, considerably longer than body (surpassing elytral apices by 5 segments) or hardly reaching elytral apex; female antennae 11-segmented, usually surpassing elytral middle; prothorax red, usually with narrow black anterior and posterior stripes; very rare black with central red spot or totally black; red elytral design as wide transverse band more or less narrowed at middle, often divided by black suture or totally separated in two portions.
Buğlan Geçidi, 8 km SE Solhan, 1700-1800 m, R.Ambrus leg. - 4 males, 3 females (R. Ambrus collection) - Tab. 2(1) - male antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, considerably longer than body (surpassing elytral apices by 5 segments); female antenna also 11-segmented, reaching to about elytral middle; prothorax red with black margins; elytra red with big red areas narrowly separated at middle, touching or widely conjugated.
Buğlan Geçidi, 30 km E Bingol, 14.6.1977, S. Kadlec leg. - Map: loc. 6; one pair of big specimens (male - 18 mm, female - 19 mm) - M.L. Danilevsky collection; male antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, considerably longer than body (surpassing elytral apices by 5 segments); female antennae also
12-segmented, but with strongly reduced 12th segment, reaching to about elytral middle; prothorax red with black lateral (male) or ventral (female) sides; red elytral design as wide transverse band more or less narrowed laterally.
Hakkåri prov., 3 km N of Hakkåri, R. Ambrus leg. (Map: loc. 7); 1 male, 3 females - Tab. 2(2) - R. Ambrus collection; male antennae 12-segmented, surpassing elytra by 4 segments; female antennae 11-segmented, reaching elytral middle; prothorax red with black margins; elytra with large red areas widely conjugated at middle (with wide red belt narrowed at middle).
IRAN
Ardabil, 5 km S Deez, 37°16'N, 48°44'E, 1350m, 5.6.2017, K. Hodek leg. (Map: loc. 9) - 16 males (body length: 11.3-17.5 mm) and 3 females (body length: 12.1-16.5 mm) - Tab. 2(3) - K. Hodek collection; small specimens of this population are very similar to the type specimens of P. nanus, but antennae a little longer and always 12-segmented in males and in females, 12th segments in small specimens are considerably reduced, especially in females; antennal length in males is rather variable; antennae of the biggest male are about two times longer than body, but usually in middle size males and in small males - about 1.5 times longer than body, but sometimes - about as long as body; female antennae reaching to about elytral middle; lateral thoracic tubercles indistinct; pronotum red, often with narrow anterior and posterior black stripes or totally red; elytra with central red belt, more or less wide, sometimes narrowed at middle; anterior black elytral area can be very narrow or totally disappeared.
Tab. 1. P. w. wachanrui (R.Ambrus collection, photo by R. Ambrus):
1 - 28 males, 23 females, Turkey, Nemrut Dagi, 45 km NEE Adiyaman, 37°57′51.94″N, 38°44′37.52″E, 14.6.-17.6.2008, R.Ambrus leg.; 2 - 1 male, 1 female, Adiyaman environs, R. Ambrus leg.
Tab. 2. P. w. wachanrui: 1 - 4 males, 3 females, Turkey, Buğlan Geçidi, 8 km SE Solhan, 1700-1800 m, R.Ambrus leg. - R. Ambrus collection, photo by R. Ambrus; 2 - 1 male, 3 females, Turkey, Hakkåri prov., 3 km N of Hakkåri, R. Ambrus leg. - R.Ambrus collection, photo by R.Ambrus; 3 - 16 males, 3 females, Iran, Ardabil, 5 km S Deez, 37°16'N, 48°44'E, 1350 m, 5.6.2017, K. Hodek leg. - K.Hodek collection, photo by K.Hodek.
Type series of P. nanus Semenov, 1907 (Gilan, Molla Ali River, 36°36'40"N, 49°32'33"В, 370 m, 15.5.1904, N. Zarudnyi leg. Map: loc. 10) originally consisted of 5 specimens (1 male and 4 females); body length: 7.4-11 mm. One pair available now; male - Tab. 3(1) - lectotype (present designation), with 2 labels - Tab. 3(3): 1 [partly in Russian] - “Гилян: Molla-aly / 15.V.04. / Зарудный”;
2 - “Purpuricenus / nanus Sem.” / “Cotyp.” / “A. Semenov-Tian-Shansky det.” - collection of Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg); female - Tab. 3(2) - paralectotype (present designation), with 2 labels - Tab. 3(4): 1 [partly in Russian] - “Гилян: Molla-aly / 15.V.04. / Зарудный”;
2 - “coll. Semenov-Tian-Shansky” - collection of Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg).
Male antennae 11-segmented, shorter than body, reaching last elytral fifth, female antennae slightly surpassing elytral middle; lateral thoracic tubercles obliterated; pronotum about totally red (with narrow basal and apical black stripes); red central elytral band strongly narrowed medially, anterior and posterior black elytral areas rather wide.
Kermanshahan, Shamshir env., 34°59´15“N, 46°25´37“E, 1850 m, 6.6.2015, K. Hodek leg. (Map: loc. 21) - 5 males (body length: 14-16.2 mm), 5 females (body length: 14-16.9 mm) - Tab. 4(1) - K. Hodek collection; male antennae from about 2 to 1.5 times longer than body, female antennae reaching elytral middle; male antennae 12-segmented, female antennae 11-segmented; pronotum usually red, but one male has black pronotum with two red spots, and two males with wide red areas in the middle of black pronotum; red elytral design usually consists of big triangular spots touching at middle, widely conjugated or contrary narrowly separated; anterior black elytral area always very wide.
Esfahan, “p. Chaharmahal, Ghahderijan 20km W, 23.5.2017, 32°36'N, 51°7'E, 2145m, K.Hodek leg.” (Map: loc. 21) - 13 males (body length: 7-13.1 mm), 8 females (body length: 10-15.1 mm) - Tab. 4(2) - K. Hodek collection; “Isfahan prov., Azizabad, 32°36'N, 51°7'E, 1890 m, 11.6.2018, K.Hodek leg.” (Map: loc. 21) - 2 males (body length: 8.8-13.0 mm) and 2 females (body length: 11.5-12.0 mm) - M.L. Danilevsky collection; all are also similar to the type series of P. nanus; antennae of the biggest male 12-segmented, considerably longer than body (surpassing elytral apices by 4 segments); antennae in smaller males 11-12-segmented; more or less longer than body, or about equal to elytral length, or even shorter; female antennae 11-segmented a little surpassing elytral middle; pronotum red with narrow anterior and posterior black stripes; elytra with wide red central band more or less narrowed medially and wide black apical area; anterior black elytral area can be very narrow.
Esfahan, 20 km southwards Shahreza, 31°48'20.6"N, 51°48'50.9"E, 24.5.2017, Dembický leg. (Map: loc. 25) - 3 males, body length: 11.2-13.7 mm and 3 females, body length: 11-12.9 mm - Tab. 5(1) - K. Hodek collection.
8 males, 8 females - same locality, J. Dalihod leg. - Tab. 5(2) - R. Ambrus collection.
Dark specimens; male antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, from rather shorter than body, to little longer than body or surpassing elytral apices by 2-3 segments; female antennae 11-segmented reaching elytral middle; pronotum from totally red to totally black; elytra from black with small red spots, to big red spots separated or conjugated and to wide red belt - transitional population.
North Hamadan, Gardaneh-ye Avadzh, 35°33'N, 49°10'E,
2500 m, C. Naumann leg. (Map: loc. 15) - 7 big specimens (M.L. Danilevsky collection): 5 males (body length: 12-16 mm) and
2 females (body length: 14-15 mm); male antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, considerably longer than body (surpassing elytral apices by 3-4 segments); female antennae 11-segmented or 12-segmented, but then 12th segment is strongly reduced; prothorax usually with small lateral tubercles; pronotum mostly red with black margins and black posterocentral stroke; sometimes pronotum nearly black with two small central spots; red elytral belt usually interrupted medially, but sometimes complete and wide.
Qazwin, Alamut, 36°26′41″N, 50°35′10″E, 2400 m, D. Murastyi leg. (Map: loc. 12) - 2 big males (M.L. Danilevsky collection); antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, considerably longer than body (surpassing elytral apices by 4 segments); prothorax with obliterated lateral tubercles; pronotum red with black margins; red elytral design wide, but interrupted medially by black suture.
Tab. 3. P. w. wachanrui: 1 - male-lectotype of P. nanus Semenov, 1907, Iran, Gilan, Molla Ali River, 36°36'40"N, 49°32'33"В, 370 m, 15.5.1904, N. Zarudnyi leg.; 2 - female-paralectotype of P. nanus Semenov, 1907, Iran, Gilan, Molla Ali River, 36°36'40"N, 49°32'33"В, 370 m, 15.5.1904, N. Zarudnyi leg.; 3 - labels of the lectotype of P. nanus Semenov, 1907;
4 - labels of the paralectotype of P. nanus Semenov, 1907.
Tab. 4. P. w. wachanrui: 1 - 5 males, 5 females, Iran, Kermanshahan, Shamshir env., 34°59´15“N, 46°25´37“E, 1850 m, 6.6.2015, K. Hodek leg. - K. Hodek collection, photo by K. Hodek; 2 - 13 males, 8 females, Iran, Esfahan, “p. Chaharmahal, Ghahderijan 20 km W, 23.5.2017, 32°36'N, 51°7'E, 2145 m, K.Hodek leg.” - K. Hodek collection, photo by K. Hodek.
Qazvin, 4 km W Kouhin, 36°22'N, 49°37'E, 1500 m, 31.5.2015, K. Hodek leg. (Map: loc. 11) - 1 female (K. Hodek collection); red prothorax, wide central band.
Kordestan, 3.5 km E Dizli, 35°22'N, 46°11'E, 1350 m, 25.5.2019, K. Hodek leg. (Map: loc. 19) - 1 male (K. Hodek collection), red prothorax, wide central band, antennae as long as body.
Kordestan, Divandareh, Saral, 35°43′46″N 46°52′53″E, 5-6.2016, Fardin Faizi leg. (Map: loc. 18) - 1 male: body length: 13.5mm, 1 female: body length: 10.3 mm (M.L. Danilevsky collection) - male antennae 12-segmented a little longer than body surpassing elytral apices by one apical segment; female antennae 11-segmented reaching to about elytral middle; prothorax with obliterated lateral tubercles; pronotum red with black margins; red elytral dark with two small triangular spots separated medially.
Kordestan, 5 km N of Kamyaran, 2.6.2010, 34°53´N, 46°58´E, 2100 m, Z. Koštál leg. - 16 males, 12 females (Z. Koštál collection), male antennae 12-segmented, from very long, surpassing elytral apex by 4 segments, to rather short, a little longer than body, surpassing elytral apices by one apical segment; female antennae 11-segmented reaching to about elytral middle; no specimens with black thorax or black elytra available.
IRAQ
Penjvin, 35°38'N, 45°56'E, 1300 m, 9.6.1976, J. Macek leg. (Map: loc. 26) - 1 male: body length: 14.8 mm; antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, considerably longer than body (surpassing elytral apices by 4 segments); prothorax with obliterated lateral tubercles; red with black margins; red elytral design interrupted medially;
Same locality, 11.6.1976 & 20.6.1976, J. Macek leg. – 2 females (M.A. Lazarev collection).
Material (M.L. Danilevsky collection). Purpuricenus wachanrui wachanrui: 1 male, Turkey, 30 km E Bingol, 1400m, 14.6.1977, D. Bernhauer; 1 male, 1 female, Turkey, Buğlan Geçidi, NW Mus, P. Bialooki leg.; 1 male, Iraq, Kurdistan, Penjwin, 1300m, J. Macek leg.; 5 males, 2 females, Iran, Hamadan, Gardaneh-ye Avadzh, 35°33'N, 49°10'E, 2500 m, 6.7.1997, C. Naumann leg.; 2 males, Iran, Qazvin, Alamut Mts., 2400 m, 24-25.6.2016, D. Murastyi leg.; 2 males, Iran, Davandareh, Saral, 22.5.2016, 1.6.2016, Fardin Faizi leg.; 5 males, 1 female, Iran, Gilan, 5km S Dees, 37°16'N, 48°44'E, 1350 m, 5.6.2017, K. Hodek leg.; 2 males, 2 females, Iran, Isfahan, Azizabad, 32°36′N, 51°7′E, 11.6.2018, K. Hodek leg.
Purpuricenus wachanrui robusticollis Pic, 1905, stat. nov.
Tabs 5(3-4) - 7
Purpuricenus robusticollis Pic, 1905: 9 - “Perse”.
Type locality. Iran (“Perse”); most probably - Zagros Mountains.
Description. Black color often dominates on prothorax and elytra; body length in males: 13.8-18 mm, body length in females: 12.9-18 mm.
Known populations:
South Hamadan, Baharab, 34°38'N, 48°10'E, 1600 m, 26.5.2017, K. Hodek leg. (Map: loc. 29), 10 males, body length: 9.5-13.2 mm, 4 females: 10-14.9 mm - Tab. 5(3) - (K. Hodek collection) - dark specimens dominate; male antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, considerably longer than body, surpassing elytral apices by 3-4 segments, or a little longer than body, surpassing elytral apices by 2-3 segments, female antennae 11-segmented, reaching elytral middle; prothorax without lateral tubercles; pronotum usually totally black, but sometimes with wide or narrow red spot, which can be divided in two small portions; elytra usually with two triangular smaller or larger red spots, or totally black.
South Hamadan, Baharab, 34°38'10"N, 48°11'7"E, 1600 m, 20.5.2017, K. Hodek leg. - 3 males, body length: 10.6-11.3 mm and 2 females, body length: 10.8-11.4 mm - M.L. Danilevsky collection.
Esfahan, 40km SE Aligudarz, Nowghan env. 2254 m, 1.6.2009, 33°11´35.11 ̋N, 50°04´46.74 ̋E, 1.6.2009, R. Ambrus leg. (Map: loc. 34), 18 males, 22 females (Tab. 6) - R. Ambrus collection; very dark specimens dominate; male antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment from, rather long (surpassing elytral apices by 4 segments) to rather short (hardly reaching elytral apices); female antennae 11-segmented, reaching elytral middle; all males with totally black pronotum; pronotum mostly red in 6 females; 15 males and 4 females with totally black elytra; elytra in other males black with small red spots; elytra with big red areas (often conjugated) in 12 females.
Same locality, 31.5.-1.6.2009, 11´35.11 ̋N, 50°04´46.74 ̋E, W. Grosser leg. - 2 black males, body length: 13.7 mm and 13.3 mm (M.L. Danilevsky collection) - antennae 12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, a little longer (surpassing elytral apices by 1 segment) or a little shorter than body; prothorax totally black with obliterated lateral tubercles; elytra totally black.
Same locality, 1.6.2009, W.Grosser leg. - 2 males (body length: 16.0-17.8 mm), 6 females (body length: 10.0-16.9 mm), W. Grosser collection; 2 males totally black, antennae 12-segmented, surpassing elytra by 2-3 segments; female antennae 11-segmented, about reaching elytral middle; 2 females - black with small elytral red spots; 2 females - totally black, 1 female black with small elytral red spots, 1 female with pronotal red area and triangular elytral red spots, 1 female black with triangular elytral red spots.
Lorestan, Razan (18 km NWW Dorud), 1800m, 33°33'N, 48°53'E, 26.5.2017, K. Hodek leg. (Map: loc. 33); 5 males (body length: 12.9-16.1 mm), 6 females (body length: 13.4-16.5 mm) - Tab. 5(4) (K. Hodek collection) - dark specimens; male antennae
12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, rather long surpassing elytral apices by 4 segments; female antennae
11-segmented, reaching elytral middle; prothorax usually black, or with wider or smaller central red spot; elytra from totally black, to black with small red spots, to big red spots separated or conjugated and to wide red belt; males darker, than females.
Lorestan between Dorud and Kuh-e-Ostoran mt. 2600-3200 m, 4.-6.6.2000, 33°22´N, 49°12´E, M. Kalabza leg.; 7 males, 5 females; 9 specimens are totally black, Z. Koštál collection.
Tut env., 17 km SW Dorud, 1995 m, 3.6.2009, R. Ambrus leg.; 1 male (totally black with very long antennae), 11 females (1 - totally black, other females with red elytral areas:
1 - black pronotum, 2 - black pronotum with small red spots,
7 - mostly red pronotum) - R. Ambrus collection.
Tootmashour env., 33°24'36"N, 48°54'В, 1995m, 31.5.2010, W. Grosser leg.; 1 male (body length: 16.9 mm), antennae surpassing elytral apices by 3 segments, prothorax black, elytra with 2 big round red spots separated by suture; 1 female (body length: 16.0 mm), antennae reaching elytral middle, pronotum red with black anterior and posterior margins, elytra with 2 big round red spots conjugated at middle; both specimens in W. Grosser collection.
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (Bayer Ahmad-o-Kuhgiluye prov.), 20 km south-eastwards Lordegan, 31°21'17"N, 51°08'48"E, 1940 m, 31.5.2014 W. Grosser; (Map: loc. 37), dark population; 32 males (body length: 11.0-18.8 mm), 6 females (body length: 11.4-15.1 mm); both specimens in W. Grosser collection - Tab. 7 - a pair of this series was designated as paratypes of P. persicus Vartanis, 2023; very dark population; male antennae
12-segmented with well-developed 12th segment, can be rather long, from about two time longer than body, surpassing elytral apices by
4 segments, or short, about as long as body; female antennae
11-segmented, reaching elytral middle; pronotum often totally black, or with smaller or wider red spots; about a third of available specimens with totally black elytra; others with small, never conjugated red spots, which may contact at suture.
Material (M.L. Danilevsky collection). 1 male, 1 female, Iran, Esfahan, 40 km SE Aligudars, 35°17'N, 50°05'E, 2254 m, 31.5.-1.6.2009, W.Grosser leg.; 3 males, 2 females, Iran, Hamadan, Baharab, 1600 m, 20.5.2017, K. Hodek leg.
Available photos of P. wachanrui wachanrui:
From K. Hodek:
13 males, 8 females - Tab. 4(2) - Iran, Esfahan, Chaharmahal, Azizabad, 20 km W Ghahderijan, 32°36'N, 51°7'E, 2170 m, 11.6.2018, K. Hodek leg; 1 female, Iran, North Qazvin, 4 km W Kouhin, 1500 m, 36°22'N, 49°37'E, 31.5.2015, K. Hodek leg; 1 male, Iran, Kordestan, 3.5 km E Dizli, 1350m, 35°22'N, 46°11'E, 25.5.2019, K. Hodek leg; 1 female (dark), Iran, W Azerbaijan, 5 km W Main Bolagh, 2200m, 36°30'N, 46°50'E, 2200 m, 30.5.2017, K. Hodek leg.; 5 males, 5 females, Iran, Kermanshahan - Tab. 4(1) - Shamshir env., 1850 m, 34°59´15“N, 46°25´37“E, 6.6.2015, K. Hodek leg.; 16 males, 3 females - Tab. 2(3) - Iran, Ardabil 5 km S Deez, 37°16'N, 48°44'E, 1350 m, 5.6.2017, K. Hodek leg.; 3 males, 3 females - Tab. 5(1) - Iran, Esfahan, 20 km southwards Shahreza, 31°48'20.6"N, 51°48'50.9"E, 24.5.2017, Dembický leg.
Tab. 5. 1-2: P. w. wachanrui: 1 - 3 males, 3 females, Iran, Esfahan, 20 km southwards Shahreza, 31°48'20.6"N, 51°48'50.9"E, 24.5.2017, Dembický leg. - K. Hodek collection, photo by K.Hodek; 2 - 8 males, 8 females, same locality, J. Dalihod leg. - R.Ambrus collection, photo К. Ambrus; 3-4 - P. w. robusticollis:
3 - 10 males, 4 females, Iran, South Hamadan, Baharab, 34°38'N, 48°10'E, 1600 m, 26.5.2017, K. Hodek leg. - K.Hodek collection, photo by K. Hodek; 4 - 5 males, 6 females, Iran, Lorestan, Razan (18 km NWW Dorud), 1800 m, 33°33'N, 48°53'E, 26.5.2017, K. Hodek leg. - K.Hodek collection, photo by K.Hodek.
Tab. 6. P. w. robusticollis - 18 males, 22 females, Iran, Esfahan, 40 km SE Aligudarz, Nowghan env. 2254 m, 1.6.2009, 33°11´35.11 ̋N, 50°04´46.74 ̋E, 1.6.2009, R. Ambrus leg. - R. Ambrus collection, photo by R. Ambrus.
From R. Ambrus:
As P.robusticollis:
18 males, 22 females (dark specimens dominate), Iran, Esfahan, 40 km SE Aligudars, Nowghan env., 33°11´35.11 ̋N, 50°04´46.74 ̋E, 2254 m, 1.6.2009, R.Ambrus leg.
As P. wachanrui:
28 males and 23 females, Turkey, 45 km NEE Adiyaman, Nemrut Dagi, 37°57′51.94″N, 38°44′37.52″E, 14.6.-17.6.2008, R. Ambrus leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Turkey, Adiyaman; 2 males, 2 females, Turkey, Tunceli, 7 km NW Pülümür; 1 male, Turkey, Nemrut ad Tatvan, 38°53′N, 42°19′N; 4 males, 3 females, Turkey, Mus, 8 km SE Solhan, Bulgan Gecidi, 1700-1800 m; 1 male, 3 females, Turkey, Hakkåri, 3 km N of Hakkåri; 8 males, 8 females (half-dark specimens); Iran, Esfahan, 20 km southwards Shahreza, 31°48'20.6"N, 51°48'50.9"E, 24.5.2017, J. Dalihod leg.
From M. Holomčik:
1 male, 1 female, Iran, NW Kermanshahan, 5 km SE Nowdeshah, Vara env., 1200 m, 35.125278°N, 46.296666°E, 22.5.2019, M. Holomčik leg.; 1 male, Iran, West Azerbaijan, 13 km, W Mahabad, Ebrahimeh, 36.7416667°N, 45.5691667°E, 185 0m, 24.5.2019, M. Holomčik leg.; 2 females, Turkey, Kahta, Nemrut Dagi, 2-14.6.1996, P. Jelinek leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Iran, Esfahan, Shahreza, 24-25.5.2009, J.Dalihod leg.; 2 males, Turkey, Kahta env., Nemrut Dagi, 2-14.6.1996, P.Jelinek leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Iran, Esfahan, 40km SE Aligudars, Nowghan env. 2254 m, 33°11´35.11 ̋N, 50°04´46.74 ̋E, 31.5.-1.6.2009, W. Grosser leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Iran, Ardabil, 41km SE of Khalkhal, Dasht Tsharom [near Deez], 37.274722°N, 48.748055°E, 1300-1350 m, 27.5.2019, M. Holomčik leg.; 1 male, Iran, Markazi, 28km N of Saveh, Vardeh env., 35°16'58"N, 50°19'6"E, 1430m, 20.5.2019, M. Holomčik leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Iran, Hamadan, Baharab, 1650-1850 m, 21.5.2019, M. Holomčik leg.
From Z. Koštál:
16 males, 12 females, Iran, Kordestan, 5 km N of Kamyaran, 34°53´N, 46°58´E, 2100 m, 2.6.2010Z. Koštál leg.
Available photos of P. wachanrui robusticollis
Tab. 7. P. w. robusticollis - 37 males, 11 females, Iran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (Bayer Ahmad-o-Kuhgiluye prov.), 20 km south-eastwards Lordegan, 31°21'17"N, 51°08'48"E, 1940 m, 31.5.2014 W. Grosser - W. Grosser collection, photo by W. Grosser.
From K. Hodek:
10 males, 4 females, Iran, Hamadan, Baharab, 34°38'N, 48°10'E, 1600 m, 26.5.2017, K. Hodek leg.; 5 males, 6 females, Lorestan - Razan (Dorud env.), 1800 m, 33°33'N, 48°53'E, 26.5.2017, K. Hodek leg.
From W. Grosser:
37 males, 11 females, dark population; Iran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province [Bayer Ahmad-o-Kuhgiluye prov.], 20 km south-eastwards Lordegan, 31°21'17"N, 51°08'48"E, 1940 m, 31.5.2014, W. Grosser leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Iran, Lorestan, Tootmashour, 33°41′N, 48°90′N, 1995 m, 31.5.2010, W. Grosser leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Iran, Lorestan, Dorud env., 33°27'37"N, 49°05'10"E, 1523 m, J. Romsauer leg.; 2 males, 3 females, Iran, Esfahan, 40 km SE Aligudars, Nowghan env., 33°11´35.11 ̋N, 50°04´46.74 ̋E, 2254 m, 1.6.2009, W. Grosser leg.
From R. Ambrus:
1 male (dark specimen), Iran, Hamadan, Ganjnameh, 34°45'39"N, 48°26'18"E; 1 male (dark specimens), Iran, Lorestan, Horramabad; 3 males (dark specimens), Iran, Fars, 20 km NE Ardakan; 1 male, 11 females (half-dark specimens), Iran, Lorestan, 17km SW Dorud, Tut env., 1995 m, 3.6.2009, R.Ambrus leg.
From Z. Koštál:
7 males, 5 females, Iran, Lorestan between Dorud and Kuh-e-Ostoran mt. 2600-3200 m, 4-6.6.2000, 33°22´N, 49°12´E, M. Kalabza leg.
Purpuricenus zarudnianus Semenov, 1903
Tab. 8
Purpuricenus zarudnianus Semenov, 1903: 358 - Persiae austro-orientalis: terra Geh: alveus Rong [26°13'32"N, 60°12'44"E]; terra Kaserkend: vic. Matasend, inter vic. Tshamp et Surmitsh; terra Bampur: vic. Surmitsh [27°11′42″N, 60°27′17″E]; terra Sarhad: Sadh, Zar, vic Tamin [28°41'40"С, 61°10'В]; curs. super. fl. Rud-i-ljaadis; Villiers, 1967: 363 - Iran: “Baluchestan, Dachtiari”, “Sarbaz”; “Iranshahr”, “Kerman”, “Djiroft”; Ambrus & Grosser, 2013: 469 - Iran, Kerman prov., 30 km S Sirjan; Ambrus & Tichý, 2017: 101 - Pakistan: Balochistan, Tump (90 km W Turbat [26°6'N, 62°3'E]); Iran: Hormozgan, 5 km SE Khoshangan, 415 m, 27°38,393’N; 56°13,187’E; Kerman, 40 km S Sirjan, 1870 m.
Tab. 8. P. zarudnianus: 1 - 47 males, 15 females, Iran, Kerman, 40 km southwards Sirjan, 1870 m, 29°03'35"N, 55°51'41"E, 30.5.2014, W.Grosser leg. - W. Grosser collection, photo by W. Grosser; 2 - 6 males, 3 females with same data, R. Ambrus leg. - R. Ambrus collection, photo by R. Ambrus.
Type locality. South-East Iran.
Description. Antennae very long, 11-segmented; male antennae usually more than 2 times longer than body, or shorter to about one third longer than body, female antennae reaching apical elytral forth, always surpassing anterior border of black apical elytral area, or longer, and sometimes surpassing elytral apices; pronotum usually totally red, or sometimes with narrow basal black stripe, or very rare black with big central red spot; elytra black with rather wide red central belt; red elytral are with slightly curved anterior and posterior margins, and very rare narrowed in the middle, sometimes divided by black suture; body length: 11.8-17.0 mm.
Known populations: Iran, Kerman env.; Iran, Kerman, 40 km S Sirjan; Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan, Tamin; Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan, 36 km N Iranshahr; Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan, Geh; Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan, Dashtiari; Pakistan, Tump.
Available photos of P. zarudnianus:
47 males (body length: 11.0-19.9 mm), 15 females (body length: 11.8-17.0 mm) - Tab. 8(1), Iran, Kerman, 40km southwards Sirjan, 1870m, 29°03'35"N, 55°51'41"E, 30.5.2014, W.Grosser leg. - W.Grosser collection; 1870 m, 6 males, 3 females - Tab. 8(2) - with same data, R. Ambrus leg. - R. Ambrus collection; 1 male, Pakistan, Balochistan, Tump, 90km W Turbat, R. Ambrus leg. - R. Ambrus collection.
Acknowledgement. We are very grateful to the staff of Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg) and to many friends and colleagues for their photos and valuable information: R. Ambrus (Prague), W. Grosser (Opava), M. Holomčík (Lusatia), M. Lazarev (Moscow), D. Navrátil (Litomyšl), L. Skořepa (Dačice), Z. Koštál (Pardubice).
Map 1.
P. wachanrui wachanrui
1 - Turkey, Konya; 2 - Turkey, Nemrut Dagi; 3 - Turkey, Elaziğ;
4 - Turkey, Pulumur; 5 - Turkey, 30 km E Bingol; 6 - Turkey, Buğlan Geçidi; 7 - Turkey, 30 km NW Hakkâri; 8 - Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan, Negram; 9 - Iran, Ardabil, 5 km southwards Deez, 37°16'N, 48°44'E; 10 - Iran, Gilan, Molla Ali River, 36°36'40"N, 49°32'33"E;11 - Iran, Qazvin, 4km westwards Kouhin, 36°22'N, 49°37'E; 12 - Iran, Qazvin, Alamut, 36°26′41″N, 50°35′10″E; 13 - Iran, Tehran prov., Shemshak, 36°00′56″N, 51°29′10″E; 14 - Iran, Tehran prov., Shemiran, 35°51'3"N, 51°33'6"E; 15a - Iran, North Hamadan, Gardaneh-ye Avadzh, 2500m 35°33'N, 49°10'E; 15b - Iran, Markazi, 28km N of Saveh, Vardeh env.; 16 - Iran, West Azerbaijan, 13km W Mahabad, Ebrahimeh, 36.7416667°N, 45.5691667°E; 17 - Iran, West Azerbaijan, 5 km W Main Bolagh, 36°30'N, 46°50'E; 18 - Iran, Kordestan, Divandareh, Saral, 35°43′46″N 46°52′53″E; 19 - Iran, Kordestan, 3.5km E Dizli 35°22'N, 46°11'E; 20 - Iran, Kermanshahan, Vara;
21 - Iran, Kermanshahan, Shamshir env., 34°59´15“N, 46°25´37“E;
22 - Iran, Esfahan, Varkan, 33°42'56"N, 51°2'57"E; 23 - Iran, Esfahan, Azizabad, 32°36'N, 51°7'E; 24 - Iran, Esfahan; 25 - Iran, Esfahan, 20 km southwards Shahreza, 31°48'20.6"N, 51°48'50.9"E; 26 - Iraq, Penjvin, 35°38'N, 45°56'E; 27a - Iraq, Ravanduz; 27b - Syria, Aleppo.; 28 - Cyprus.
P. wachanrui robusticollis
29a - Iran, Hamadan, Baharab, 34°38'10"N, 48°11'7"E; 29b - Iran, Hamadan, Ganjnameh, 34°45'39"N, 48°26'18"E; 30 - Iran, Lorestan, Khorramabad; 31 - Iran, Lorestan, Zaheh; 32 - Iran, Lorestan, Tootmashour; 33 - Iran, Lorestan, Razan near Dorud; 34 - Iran, Esfahan, 40km SE Aligudarz, Nowghan env. 2254 m, 1.6.2009, 33°11´35.11 ̋N, 50°04´46.74 ̋E, W. Grosser leg.; 35 - Iran, Esfahan, Darаn; 36 - Iran, Bayer Ahmad-o-Kuhgiluye prov., 20 km south-eastwards Lordegan, 31°21'17"N, 51°08'48"E; 37 - Iran, Fars, 20 km NE Ardakan, 30°15′34″N, 51°59′07″E.
P. zarudnianus
38 - Iran, Kerman env.; 39 - Iran, Kerman, Sirjan env.; 40 - Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan, Tamin; 41 - Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan, 36 km N Iranshahr; 42 - Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan, Geh; 43 - Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan, Dashtiari; 44 - Pakistan, Tump.
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Received: 12.09.2024
Accepted: 28.10.2024
