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10INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
A CLINICAL PICTURE OF SOME ALLERGIC DERMATOSES ASSOCIATED WITH
LAMBLIASIS Akhmedov Shavkat Kurbonalievich
Assistant of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Samarkand State Medical University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7442005
Abstract. Giardiasis is an infection in your small intestine. It's caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. Giardiasis spreads through contact with infected people. And you can get giardiasis by eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water. Pet dogs and cats also frequently contract giardia. This condition can be found all over the world, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, it's more common in overcrowded developing countries that lack sanitary conditions and water quality control.
Keywords: giardiasis, mature cyst, trophozoite, urticaria, strofulus (baby pruritus) atopic dermatitis, eczema, neurodermatitis, diffuse neurodermatitis, flatulence, urolithic diathesis.
КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТИНА НЕКОТОРЫХ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИХ ДЕРМАТОЗОВ, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ С ЛАМБЛИАЗОМ
Анимация. Лямблиоз — это инфекция в тонкой кишке. Это вызвано микроскопическим паразитом под названием Giardia lamblia. Лямблиоз распространяется при контакте с инфицированными людьми. И вы можете заразиться лямблиозом, употребляя зараженную пищу или выпивая зараженную воду. Домашние собаки и кошки также часто заражаются лямблиями. По данным Центров по контролю и профилактике заболеваний (CDC), это заболевание встречается во всем мире. Однако это чаще встречается в перенаселенных развивающихся странах, где отсутствуют санитарные условия и контроль качества воды.
Ключевые слова: лямблиоз, зрелая киста, трофозоит, крапивница, строфулезный (детский зуд), атопический дерматит, экзема, нейродермит, диффузный нейродермит, метеоризм, мочекаменный диатез.
G. lamblia are found in animal and human feces. These parasites also thrive in contaminated food, water, and soil, and can survive outside a host for long periods of time. Accidentally consuming these parasites can lead to an infection. The most common way to get giardiasis is to drink water that contain G. lamblia. Contaminated water can be in swimming pools, spas, and bodies of water, such as lakes. Sources of contamination include animal feces, diapers, and agricultural runoff. Contracting giardiasis from food is less common because heat kills the parasites. Poor hygiene when handling food or eating produce rinsed in contaminated water can allow the parasite to spread.Giardiasis also spreads through personal contact. For example, unprotected anal sex can pass the infection from one person to another. Changing a child's diaper or picking up the parasite while working in a day care center are also common ways to become infected. Children are at high risk for giardiasis because they're likely to encounter feces when wearing diapers or potty training.
Structure of Giardia
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
Cycle of lamblia development: The cyst gets inside of organism of humans by ingestion and moves along the gastrointestinal tract to stomach. Due to the gastric juice, the external cover is dissolved and it keeps moving farther. After reaching the upper departments of intestines, the cyst attaches to the walls and the process of divison starts. It takes approximately 5-6 hours. The part of the cysts that do not adhere to the epithelium either give in to the process of degeneration, or go to the large intestine and continue their development. In the lower parts of the intestine, only cysts can survive, while vegetative imdividuals die. Therefore, already with excrement, only ''sleeping'' lamblia, protected by a reliable membrane, come out. Getting into the environment, cysts "look" for their new carrier, where lamblia will continue the life cycle. Infection occurs when consuming food contaminated with cysts (especially those not subject to heat treatment - fruits, vegetables, berries) and water, as well as through cysts contaminated with cysts and household items. Once in the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy person, lamblia reproduce in the small intestine, sometimes in large quantities, and cause irritation of the mucous membrane.
The life cicle of giardia lamblia
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
Mature cyst
trophozoite
Penetrating from the small intestine into the thick (where the conditions for them are unfavorable), lamblia lose their mobility and turn into cysts. Cysts are excreted from the body of a patient with lambliasis with exemptions. As a result of the prolonged persistence (stay) of lamblia in the body, the accumulation of products of dismetabolism, incl. due to substanges disintegration of vital activity of the prozoa, especially with reduced immune defense, capable of limiting their reproduction, the syndrome of chronic endogenous of cavitary and membrane digestion, which have an allergic effect, are manifested in the form of true and false allergic reactions.
1. Urticaria- most forms of urticaria appear in ouldrons-areas of skin edema, which after a while disappear. The effect of a provoking factor leads to new rashes.
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2. Strofulus (baby pruritus) is a kind of childhood urticaria. Blisters quickly transform into nodules of pink-brown color, the size of a pinhead with a small bubble on top. Because of scratching, erosions and bloody crusts appear. Favourite localization of the rash - large folds of the trunk, on the upper limbs, sometimes spread to the whole body. In the majority of cases, illness passed without a trace for 3-7 years, but sometimes observed transforms to diffusive neurodermatitis, scrabie.
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3. Atopic dermatitis during illness of lambliasis could be flewed heavily among children. Carrying a chronic torpid, incessantly-recidivating process, herewith a syndrome of intoxication more expressed.
4. Eczema - carried diffusive character (suffered anyone to sites of cutaneous covering) with incessantly recidivating process and marked obstinately oozing lesion and pronounced itch.
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5. Neurodermatitis is localised principally among older children on the neck, in the popliteal space, bend of elbow, inguinofemoral fold (limited neurodermatitis). At the period of exacerbation of neurodermatitis, a prototype pattern was erithroderma (from the Greek erythros -red and derma- cutaneous) - in flammation of much cutaneous covering (reddening, puffiness, exfolication, itch) and pronounced "scalping" skin itch.
6. Diffuse neurodermatitis: Stricken surface reimursed flakes, blood crusts and cracks. A color of skin is tone typically for both forms of nodules, having inlination to confinence and formation of solid infiltration
Objective: To reveal the role and importance of lambliasis of the intestine in children with various clinical forms of allergic dermatosis. To determine the connection of lambliasis with the peculiarities of the skin process.
Materials and methods of research: A total of 32 children were examined, including 22 boys, 10 girls between the ages of 3 and 15, with different variants of dermatoses (eczema,
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atopic dermatitis, strophulus, neurodermatitis, nettle rash), all of whom were found to have lamblia cysts with fecal microscopy.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
Ultrasound examination revealed: In 25 children from 32 dyskinesia of the biliary tract. In a place with that in 5 patients except for dyskinesia increased echogenicity of the liver, in 2 except for the above pathology the phenomena of flatulence and Urolithic diathesis.
Results: It was found that a high infection with lamblia is associated, according to our data, with a decrease in local protective factors in the mucosa of the small intestine found in allergic dermatoses. Marked morphological and ultrastructural changes in the intestinal mucosa with a persistent lambliasis, which heavier burden the main pathological process, indicating their sensitizing effect on the body. Thus under the influence of Lambliasis, the skin of a sick person
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undergoes serious changes that become visible to the naked eye. The human body ceases to receive enough nutrients, so at the first stage the skin becomes pale. As the parasites multiply, unpleasant additional changes can be observed on the body. Over time, the skin becomes dirty and flesh colored.
Conclusions: During its active life, parasites produse many harmful toxins that lead to intoxication. A large accumulation of parasites quicly destroy the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, which reduces the qualitative work of digestion. Non-compliance with diet and malnutrition, further exacerbates the situation, since poor-quality products improve the existence of protozoa. Taking into account these reasons one can conclude that food, getting into the body, begins to be poorly digested. Such a violation provakes poor-quality processing of food in the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to severe poisoning of the whole organism. Improper work of the digestive organs provokes a powerful push, for the development of allergic skin rashes.
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