CC BY
15
UDK 81-13
Madmusayeva M. A.
student
Ferghana state University Uzbekistan, Ferghana city A BRIEF HISTORY OF LINGUOCULTUROLOGY
Annotation: In this article highlights of notion linguoculturology and a brief history of linguoculturology.
Key words: language, education, culture, linguoculturology.
This world is a place where many cultures, customs and languages of different peoples are intertwined. Now humanity is experiencing an active phase of urbanization globalization. Some people this stage brings rapid development, while others have a negative impact. The culture of these peoples, which has existed for a long time, is powerless before the pressure of a more aggressive culture, and as a result, loses its identity. This circumstance can lead to the disappearance of this culture and people, its dissolution in the environment of another nation.
The most important part of any culture is language. Oral and written, spoken and literary, it is the main feature of any nationality. This was understood at all times. Since ancient times, there were people who studied the language, noting its features, classifying words highlighting phrases. Over time, there were whole from the influence of linguistics, each of which studies the language from a certain side. In this regard, a new branch appeared - linguoculturology. He studies language in the context of the "language-culture-man" triad. The culture of any nation cannot be studied without learning its language. In linguistic units, such as figurative expressions, phraseological units and idioms, the mental originality of the people is fully revealed. In linguoculturology, a special place is given to analogies. Analogy is the likening of one unit of language to another in some respect. We can say that comparison-analogy has a significant place in human life.
Comparison, bringing an analogy between two or more subjects is a widespread method of logic, which is used in all spheres of human activity. This important logical category, of course, is reflected in the language. In linguistics, based on the purpose of comparison, distinguishes two types. If two objects or concepts are compared to each other in order to highlight their difference, a pure comparative structure is formed in the earth is harder than a stone if there is an analogical comparison in view, then an analog construction is formed (the earth is as hard as a stone). Since ancient times comparisons analogies have been studied as poetic figures consisting of four components:
1) the subject or subject to be compared.
2) a similar object or subject.
3) a sign of similarity or basis of comparison.
4) formal achievement of comparison. First of all, it should be noted that comparisons are the fruit of a kind of thinking. Analogies and comparisons always take place in speech having artistic and aesthetic value, giving speech emotional and
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expressive features, increasing its imagery and penetration. There are two types of comparisons:
1) individual-author or free comparison.
2) nationwide or sustainable comparison. Each of these species has its own distinctive features. From the point of view of artistic and aesthetic value, linguistic and poetic weight, free comparisons, as a sign of the writer's skill, occupy a special place in artistic speech. The writer, for the purpose of a more detailed artistic description, creates a lot of different comparisons, they fascinate the reader with their surprise, help him to penetrate deeper into the atmosphere of the work: the Air is clean and fresh, like a child's kiss; the sun is bright, the sky is blue - what would seem to be more? Why are there passions, desires, regrets?
In the above complex sentence, the comparison is free, designed to emphasize the merits of fresh air. Sustained comparisons, with the currents of time, being coined by literary workers, can enter the lexicon of the people and is widely applied in various fields of human activity.
At the same time, he convinces that the main part of stable phrases can be synonymous or antonymous series. Linguists note that stable for the most part, close to idioms, that in the process of centuries-old use of them in speech, they are fixed in the human consciousness in the form of specific models. Based on the above, it can be argued about making the question of relations of stable comparisons to language and speech. Comparisons and metaphors in linguistics are called comparative tropes. In fact, metaphor is also a comparison. Only it is hidden or abbreviated. This in its time convincingly and succinctly proved the great Aristotle. In his opinion, the comparison is also a metaphor, because a slight difference. For example, if you change the metaphor marble brow to brow like marble, the meaning does not change, but the metaphor becomes a comparison. Need a separate mention of the standard of comparison. This component of sustainable comparison forms the core of comparison, all other components are combined around this benchmark. The most important thing is that the worldview of the people and its identity, that is, its national cultural and national-connotative information is expressed in this standard. For example, in the Russian language, the stable expression "cowardly as a hare" means fearfulness and alertness. Also, in many languages, this animal is associated with cowardice. Or take the fox, which is found in many unrelated linguistic cultures. Proceeding from habits, the fox is associated in consciousness of these people with cunning. This can be seen especially in English fairy tales. The expression "cunning foxes" eventually transformed simply into a Fox, or old Fox. There is no need to add the word "cunning", because this word in the minds of people has long been established in the meaning of cunning. Many things and phenomena are associated by people with the things that surround them. For example, excessive thinness is associated with a mosquito skeleton in Japanese, in Vietnamese with a dried Cicada flower, in English it is compared to Barbary cheese. Separately, it should be noted that there is no language on earth in which there is no concept of "good and evil". Here it should be noted separately that sometimes the defining negative in one language can have a positive assessment in another. For
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example, in Russian the snake is a negative standard, evil. But at the same time, in Japanese this reptile is considered the standard of wisdom and if in Russian the epithet snake in relation to a negative context, the Japanese take it as a compliment, emphasizing the wisdom and mystical charm of women. Or the word moon in Uzbek has associations with the beautiful and mysterious, in Russian it has a negative connotation, associated with sadness and sadness. But in Chinese and Korean, the word moon uses a similar comparison with the Uzbek language, that is, there, too, it is compared to a beautiful woman.
At the same time, in these languages, for example, the oval of a beautiful face is compared to a pumpkin seed, which is completely alien to the mental culture of Uzbeks, Russians and other nationalities. As can be seen from this, sustained comparisons occupy a significant place in the language and culture of each nation. They are a reflection of the mental identity of each nation helping to enrich the speech of its representatives. They provide continuity of images between different generations, and therefore have great ethnopsychological, linguoculturological and linguopoetic value. Each language has its own charm, its own identity, which translates into national self-determination. Stable comparisons are an integral part of language. Unfortunately, this area of the language is not sufficiently studied. We hope that this gap will be filled in the future.
Literature:
1.Karimov I.A. High spirituality is an invincible force. - T.: Manaviyat, 2008.
2.Низомиддин Махмудов, Дурдона Худойбергановна. «Узбек тили ухшатишларининг изошли лугати». - Тошкент «Маънавият». 2013.
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