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16TECHNICAL SCIENCES
5G TECHNOLOGiES ARE CREATiNG A NEW WORLD ORDER
Quliyev N.
Associate professor at the "Informatics" department of Baku State University, Azerbaijan, Baku
Abstract
One of the global networks that widely uses wireless technology in modern times is the mobile phone network. Many operations are carried out via mobile communication. From this point of view, this type of communication is constantly improving and the speed of data transmission is constantly increasing. 5G technology is a more advanced technology in this area and has significantly increased the speed of data transmission, which has led to the emergence of many new areas. In this regard, the publication of the article is relevant.
Keywords: 5G technologies, Internet of Things, Conspiracy theory, polar coding.
One of the most widely used wireless global networks in the modern world is the mobile phone network. This system has already passed five generations and the sixth generation is expected. These generations are also called 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and 6G, respectively (here G is derived from the English word generation). The first generation of mobile phones (1G) implemented only analog voice transmission. The second generation (2G) was called the digital generation, but it also carried only voice communication. The third generation (3G) was also called the digital generation and was already designed for voice and data transmission. Each of these generations had its own characteristics.
The fourth generation is a technology of mobile communication (4G) has the potential to transmit data at a speed of more than 100 Mbit / s for mobile (high-bandwidth) subscribers and at a speed of 1 Gbit / s for landline subscribers (with low mobility).
At a conference held by the International Telecommunication Union in Geneva in 2012, LTE Advanced (LTE-A) and WiMAX 2 (WMAN-Advanced, IEEE 802.16m) technologies (no SIM card required) fourth generation (4G) wireless communication standards (IMT- Advanced) has been officially adopted.
Some general information about 5G technologies
Previously, the leaders in the creation of mobile networks were mainly American and European companies. However, the United States and China are fighting for leadership in the development of this new 5G technology. According to some indicators, China is even ahead in the development of 5G networks. 5G, a new generation of mobile communications, can change people's lives again by transferring data 100 times faster than existing 4G networks. They are expected to contribute to the emergence of self-driving cars, virtual and augmented reality and the so-called Internet of Things, reduce dependence on Wi-Fi and wired Internet, and allow surgeons to perform complex remote operations.
5G provides peak data rates of up to 100 Gbps, improved, improved energy efficiency, ie sensors that can last six to eight years with a single battery,
quantitative indicators and individual energy-saving devices can be connected to the network. 5G networks support high-speed objects (up to 500 km / h), which is important, for example, for high-speed trains.
One of the main tasks of 5G is to create a base for the Internet of Things (IoT). There are differences between the ordinary Internet and the Internet of Things. On the regular Internet, a person uses and creates information, and on the Internet of Things are devices use and create information, ie sensors, quantitative indicators, industrial devices.
Fifth-generation communications heralds the arrival of platforms with minimal human involvement, in other words, the widespread implementation of "unmanned action platforms." 5G is a faster and more efficient technology. According to forecasts, only 2% of Internet traffic will be generated and used by people by 2030, thanks to "unmanned action platforms". In short, the human factor will be sufficiently removed from management. It will also revolutionize the industry.
5G is a software-defined network. In other words, the base station has become updated with software: It should be noted that the base station of mobile communication is sometimes called a "tower".
By the way, "tower" is a slang word; no one among the experts uses it. The "tower" is an iron structure where only the antennas are hung and the base stations are stopped. Therefore, it is correct to say "base station".
In addition, network virtualization takes place in 5G - many functions that were previously implemented on devices, special boards, boards are now implemented on ordinary servers.
5G can operate in higher ranges than previous generations, and more base stations need to be installed as the coverage of one base station is reduced. Therefore, the market is gradually becoming more capacious, private networks are emerging. Recently, the relevant authorities decided that in the new millimeter wave, which introduces 5G, it is possible to build a vertical network for businesses without obtaining an operator license. Some companies have even started to buy these frequencies.
The stage of creating 5G networks
The many modern capabilities of 5G networks mentioned above have prompted many IT companies around the world to conduct research in this area. In this regard, new alliances have emerged in the world that allow manufacturers of small and medium-sized IT devices to enter the market, as only giant companies such as Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia and Samsung are now operating in the market for mobile networks. In addition, one of the world's IT giants such Facebook, Microsoft olso has been actively working on this topic at, and has begun to invest in new infrastructure.
Given the strategic importance of this market in the modern world, states have also begun to participate. For example, China has invested an incredible amount of money to build a 5G network and continues to do so. Given the importance of this area, Chinese President Xi Jinping spoke for five minutes in his New Year's address to the nation about the importance of deploying 5G and new infrastructure. In China, 5G-related robots are already being actively used, with the delivery of goods becoming unmanned, requiring 5G. The integration of large video conferencing, newly built hospitals and temporary mobile posts is all done through fifth generation communications.
According to experts, the potential benefits of 5G networks can be huge. Patent companies will receive billions in royalties, and countries with the largest and most reliable networks will benefit from technological advances through faster data transfers. In addition, their intelligence and defense agencies will have a better opportunity to conduct intelligence activities in hostile countries or dismantle their networks.
China still has some advantages in the development of 5G networks. Since 2013, a government committee in China has been working with Chinese mobile operators and equipment manufacturers to develop and test 5G. It is government support that will enable Huawei and other Chinese companies to gain valuable experience and the ability to sell a wide range of equipment for 5G networks, along with a large domestic market. It is the fruits of these measures that the Chinese government has already seen in the fight against the coronavirus during the coronavirus pandemic. 5G technology has played a significant role in the fight against coronavirus in China, which will be discussed in this article.
In the United States, where the government is trying not to lead the private sector, most of the 5G issues have been handled by companies such as AT&T, Verizon, Samsung Electronics and Nokia. The country's leading mobile operators plan to launch 5G networks in some cities this year.
Regulators in the field of mobile communications and IT in general are helping both countries provide leadership. However, there is a large-scale struggle between these countries for the establishment of 5G networks. In March, the Donald Trump administration thwarted an attempt by Singapore-based Broadcom to seize $ 117 billion from US chipmaker Qualcomm. Washington feared that Broadcom would reduce its investment in innovation, which would help Chinese companies take the lead in 5G development. In turn, Chinese regulators did not approve a $ 44 billion deal
to buy Qualcomm's Dutch rival NXP Semiconductors in July.
Much of Washington's concern is with Huawei's growing power, especially in its ability to build 5G networks. In 2012, U.S. officials announced that the equipment of Huawei and another Chinese company, ZTE, posed a threat to national security and could be used to spy on Americans. In August, the Australian government agreed to similar US disputes and banned the use of Huawei and ZTE devices to build 5G networks. Other US allies are considering similar sanctions.
Huawei and ZTE have denied the allegations. Beijing is trying to prevent American companies from participating in Chinese networks for similar reasons.
China has made the development of the new generation 5G a priority after losing the competition to Western countries in building the previous generation of mobile networks. Europe was out of competition in the construction of 3G, and the United States helped American companies such as Apple and Qualcomm in deploying 4G networks in the late 2000s and contributed to many of the country's smartphone applications.
According to a study by Deloitte company, China has built about 350,000 mobile stations since 2015, while the United States has less than 30,000. In addition, there are 14.1 stations per 10,000 people in China and 4.7 stations in the United States. This will affect the development of 5G, as next-generation networks will need more mobile station towers than 4G.
The Chinese government also supports the development and establishment of 5G technology at the state level. Testing of 5G technology in China is carried out by a state laboratory located near the Great Wall of China, north of Beijing. According to experts who visited the laboratory, all the leading Chinese mobile operators and equipment manufacturers, as well as prototypes of mobile devices work here. The tests, conducted by companies, universities and research institutes with the support of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, were scheduled to be completed by the end of 2018. After that, the Chinese state mobile operator China Mobile planned to conduct tests in 17 cities. Commercial use of 5G networks in China was expected to begin by 2020. It was during this period that the coronavirus appeared in China. Whether this is a coincidence or planned is another matter. Just as the war between China and the United States for the establishment and full ownership of 5G networks in the world (participation in this struggle in other countries is not excluded, because 5G will cause many changes in the world) is not over, the next X-virus can catch the world. To substantiate this view, we can point to the recent speech of US President Donald Trump, who said that the virus was artificially created in China.
China's success in this area will depend on its ability to persuade the rest of the world to use its own technical standards and then receive royalties for the use of its patents. Experts expect that most of the major patents will be acquired by Qualcomm and other
Western companies, although China is making significant progress in this area.
About the scientific basis of 5G technology that will change the world
It should be noted that Huawei was the first company in the world to study 5G networks. When Huawei began researching 5G networks in 2009, it hired Ton Ven, a now-defunct Nortel Networks specialist, to set up a research lab in Ottawa. One day, Ton came across the topic of "polar coding" proposed in a scientific journal to optimize the transmission of data over the network. This method was discovered by Turkish scientist Erdal Arikan. Erdal Arikan (born 1958) is a Turkish professor working in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey. Erdal Arikan received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology in 1981. He also received master's and doctoral degrees at the same institute. =After returning to Turkey, Erdal Arikan worked as an associate professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Since 1987, he has been working as a professor at Bilkent University in Turkey. Wikipedia also has extensive information about the author of this code.
Huawei has invested heavily in the development of the technology proposed by Erdal Arikan, and the Chinese government has called on Chinese companies to vote at an industry meeting in Nevada in 2016, which sets standards, given the strategic importance of the technology. The meeting ended in a compromise, and polar codes were adopted as one of the 5G standards, which gave Huawei a very important patent. The company has already spent more than $ 1 billion on 5G development. So far, they have seen the benefits of using 5G technologies in the fight against coronavirus. Prominent Turkish scientist Erdal Arikan's scientific discovery, "polar coding" was accepted as the main standard of the 5G network, and he was awarded many world-renowned prizes.
As American companies tend to operate on their own, the results of their research may be different. In January, a spokesman for the US National Security Council offered to compete with Beijing by setting up a state-owned 5G network, but regulators and officials rejected the idea because it was too expensive and unrealistic.
In September, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced plans to speed up the creation of 5G networks by repealing some local regulations and fees for the placement of small mobile transmitters.= Official Washington has also funded some research and development that has boosted trade technology. Specifically, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) is coordinating the creation of test stands to test 5G and other next-generation wireless networks. According to the 2015 NSF report on 5G development, "the United States lags far behind Europe, South Korea, Japan and China." It should be noted that the United States has always been the cradle and leader of IT technologies in the world.
NSF is now working with government agencies, companies and universities to set up testing stations in New York. The first small tests are expected to begin in January. About 30 US, European and Asian companies have provided $ 50 million for the project, and the US government has provided an additional $ 50 million. NSF employee Thyaga Nandagopal, who is implementing the project, acknowledged that China's coordinated investment has given it "leadership in the beginning." However, NSF is not focusing on the development of technology after 2020, but in the early years of 5G. "We can make strategic investments and still get better results than anyone," says Nandagopal.
Huawei is also urging to moderate expectations. In a meeting with analysts in April, the chairman of the board said they saw 5G as a "digital infrastructure for everything."
Chinese IT giants Huawei and China Mobile are trying to expand their 5G networks. 5G is a very important strategic project for China, and all the resources are involved. "If China succeeds with 5G, it is expected to succeed in 6G, 7G, 8G, as 5G lays the foundation for a new generation of mobile communications.
Struggle for 5G network
The fierce struggle between China and the United States for 5G networks is taking place at various levels. One of the levels of such struggle is the use of provocative theories.
The time of the global pandemic was a perfect time for the emergence of harmful provocative theories supported by celebrities and opponents of the vaccine. And as a result of these provocative theories, at the beginning of April, at least 20 mobile towers in England were destroyed or damaged in just four days.
This theory was able to "create a direct link" between 5G equipment and the COVID-19 epidemic. Some phone companies have even been attacked for laying only fiber-optic cables. In a video watched by more than two million users, a woman talks to workers and claims that "they will kill everyone" if they finish their work. It should be noted that as a result of this vandalism, most of the collapsed towers were designed for 3G and 4G.
The "threats" associated with the damage to mobile phones and mobile operator towers have been going on for years. The question of whether they cause cancer is particularly acute, but there is currently no conclusive evidence in this area. The main thing is use nothing should be overused. Here I remember a wise saying of the genius philosopher Nizami Ganjavi: " No matter how pure the water, it gived grief when you drink too much". From this point of view, certain harms can, of course, occur when any G-network devices are used excessively. In general, there is no scientific evidence of their harm. From this point of view, even when the development of the 5G network began, all the existing "threats" re-emerged, and then the pandemic created new opportunities for provocation theories supported by certain influential people, and they were able to create the 5G-COVID19 sabotage theory. The main provisions of this theory were as follows.
There are three main theories about 5G, and two of them are related to COVID-19, but none of them is based on concrete evidence. The first theory: a 5G network causes a coronavirus, or at least its symptoms (most people who believe in this version generally doubt the existence of a coronavirus). It is this misconception that makes some people distrust the virus and do not care to fight it, and the main reason is that if they prevent the introduction of 5G, the coronavirus will be destroyed. Such a wrong approach harms the significant fight against the existing dangerous virus. They even concluded from this erroneous theory that 5G and COVID-19 were practically the same thing, biological weapons that spread from towers and cause depopulation, and that they were all controlled by the leaders of the new world order. Even a "suitable candidate" was chosen to lead the organization: Bill Gates was accepted as this candidate. This was first announced on YouTube by one of the provocateurs associated with the organization Qanon (QAnon is a widespread conspiracy theory in the United States). Conspiracy theory is the study of certain socially significant events, some historical events, or even the course of history as a whole for personal gain, ambition, or other group, clan, or other interest. It is a concept presented by a group of people who run for office as a result of a certain provocation.
The provocateur and user of the GAnon organization, which targeted Bill Gates, has tens of thousands of followers on YouTube and is also a well-known anti-vaccine. This provocative YouTube user sees a parallel between Bill Gates' work at Microsoft many years ago and his current views on the coronavirus vaccine. The rationale was that the Windows operating system and programs he created were specifically designed to attract viruses, and he could make some money from antivirus systems. And now he is fighting depopulation (population reduction campaign) and pandemic at the same time to make money in the future without compulsory vaccination. In short, Bill Gates now wants to make money from a vaccine that will help people manage, instead of stopping 5G / COVID-19-related deaths. It should be noted that there are many supporters of this erroneous theory in the world. One of the main mistakes here is that computer viruses and biological viruses are completely different concepts, and it is impossible to draw parallels between them.
A more popular theory is that 5G radiation weakens the immune system, making people more susceptible to the COVID-19 virus. Evidence for this theory was the fact that US cities with this network were the most infected. This theory, of course, did not take into account two main factors. First, 5G is only available in large cities with high populations where the virus can spread faster, and second, many countries do not have this new network at all, for example, Iran does not have a 5G network at all, but it has suffered the most from the virus. Therefore, this theory did not work.
The third provocation theory has nothing to do with the coronavirus. Here, people claim that the media has deliberately exaggerated these seemingly
erroneous, provocative theories in order to divert attention from the realities of 5G and thus discredit the competitors of the new network.
BuzzFeed, a well-known Internet news media company, wrote that videos and theories on the subject began to appear last year, when new mobile towers were installed in major cities. "A Man Working in 5G Towers Tells the Truth About Threats!" Videos titled have been shared hundreds of thousands of times. Their release dates also coincide with the announcement by the British mobile operator EE that 5G has been installed in six major cities across the country.
Since January 2020, when the coronavirus was recognized as a pandemic, users of the QAnon and r / conspiracy website have begun to spread theories linking the new disease to 5G. As a result of these theories, mobile communications began to spread in many rumors, along with the destruction of the towers. One of the users of the popular Reddit site wrote that her husband, who works for a cable company, receives more and more calls from those who want to give up the Internet due to the 5G threat.
However, there is a limit in the world of the Internet for such separate, individual saboteurs. Wired (a monthly magazine in San Francisco and London, writes about the impact of computer technology on culture, economics, and politics) shows that these ideas are recorded and disseminated through algorithms that recognize trends but do not recognize all the nonsense. This type of provocation is very common on the Internet. One of the most dangerous issues in this area is that sometimes very famous people in the world spread misconceptions about this issue on networks. Therefore, in this sensitive period, only narrow specialists are advised to comment on the relevant field.
About the real source of coronavirus
According to scientists, the coronavirus - like other respiratory viruses in recent years - has been transmitted to humans from animals. In the case of COVID-19, it is believed that it occurred in a market in the Chinese city of Wuhan, and the virus was transmitted from bats to humans. This can be confirmed by the fact that in 1918, other pandemics, such as the Spanish flu, which infected about a quarter of the world's population, appeared and flared up long before the advent of mobile communications. That is, the coronavirus has emerged as a new modification of the natural flu virus. The fact that this new flu virus came into being naturally or artificially created in a biological laboratory is another matter of discussion.
The world's struggle against the 5G-COVID-19 conspiracy theory
In recent years, a wide-ranging struggle has been launched against the 5G-COVID 19 conspiracy theory, which has spread rapidly around the world. Many scientists and doctors spoke about this theory of provocation and categorically rejected it. Dr. Simon Clark, an associate professor of microbiology at the University of Reading in Reading, England, told the BBC that such theories were "completely nonsense."
He added that the theory of 5G network damage to the immune system has not been proven in any way.
In response to the rapid spread of false information about 5G and COVID-19, YouTube began deleting videos that caused such provocations. This is part of a new regulation on coronavirus content that can mislead users. Many world-renowned publications have refused to write about such provocations.
In March of this year, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) declared that 5G communication is safe for human life. The head of the organization, Eric van Rongen, also sent a message to GQ magazine confirming that there was no connection between the new network and the coronavirus. He also rejected the theory that 5G or any other G network could negatively affect human immunity.
55G is a revolution in wireless communication
Each new generation of wireless technology is faster and more reliable than previous generations. If the fourth generation communication was called high speed, then 5G will be a fast network. 5G network is sometimes called instant Internet. This new generation will increase the speed of uploading and uploading videos and photos online. For comparison, downloading an Internet movie via 4G takes about 10 minutes, and with 5G it takes a few seconds. Thanks to the new wireless connection, you can watch VR (Virtual Reality (VR), virtual reality helmets, smartphones and other digital devices is a common term for audio content played on your phone) without delay and without problems.
About the form of operation of 5G
3G and 4G helped people communicate on the planet through the network. The 5G network is not only connected to users, but also to billions of connected devices, that is, it also covers the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things (IoT) is all devices connected to the Internet. This includes devices other than computers and smartphones, such as medical equipment, unmanned aerial vehicles, home appliances, smart city infrastructure - all remotely controlled devices.
It should be noted that the Internet of Things (IT) is still working, now it works using the 4G network. However, mobile signal delays limit the transmission of data from devices to data clouds and vice versa. Applications create an array of information that is difficult to process quickly with 4G. This makes the Internet of Things ineffective:
5G technologies solve the problem of slow data transfer in the network. Companies are no longer worried about delays in transmitting information. Thanks to this, they can create devices that are completely dependent on the cloud. As a result, there will be more interconnected and remote-controlled unmanned vehicles, robots, and independent programs. According to Business Insider Intelligence, with the advent of 5G, the Internet of Things will connect 22.5 billion devices by 2021.
One of the latest achievements of modern IT technologies is the widespread use of the Internet of
Things. 5G technologies underlie the expansion of the Internet of Things. Unlike the traditional Internet, the main objects of the Internet of Things are mainly medical equipment, unmanned vehicles, etc. consists of electronic devices. It is these innovations that create certain new opportunities in the field of medicine, as well as in many areas of activity. 5G technologies create great opportunities, especially in the field of medicine. It is the direct basis for the emergence of e-medicine and allows its widespread use. For example, if 5G technology had been introduced a while ago, it could also be very effective in combating coronavirus, for example, it would be possible to test a coronovirus online remotely in a short time. The achievements of 5G technologies in the field of medicine have already been widely used in the countries where 5G technologies have already been applied. For example, in the UK, where 5G technology is used, this technology is widely used in medicine. British scientists have developed a digital bandage based on 5G technology. It can determine how wounds heal through digital dressings and inform doctors online about it. In other words, both the patient and the doctor can see how much the wound has healed on their smartphone. However, the doctor can monitor the patient's condition at any time and take appropriate steps to make the treatment more effective.
Traditional medicine remains where the doctor can see the patient and then prescribe treatment for a month or a few months, but the future medical science that will lay the foundation for 5G will consist in adapting to the patient and his lifestyle. In other words, the application of 5G technologies lays the foundation for a new era in medicine.
Sometimes we tell doctors that everything is fine for us, they say there is no need to worry, but thanks to development, the real situation will be recorded using 5G technology and transmitted to the doctor, so the doctor and patient can work together to solve health problems.
Some problems that 5G technologies will create
Clearly, 5G technologies provide high-speed data transmission over instant high-speed networks. The new 5G communication technology will transfer data many times faster, and in this regard, ordinary smartphones will not be able to cope. To connect to a 5G network, you need a smartphone that supports this standard. Some manufacturers already produce such devices. Chinese company ZTE has already promised to release the fifth generation communication phone in 2019.
It should be noted that there is no need to hurry to buy new devices to connect to the 5G network. The main reasons for this are:
• first, the mass transition to fifth-generation communications (5G) will take place over the next few years;
• Second, 5G is currently under development and may still undergo some changes in this area, so there is no need to rush to change phones.
Locations where the 5G network currently operates
China was the first to announce the 5G network test. Three Chinese network operators have received government approval to launch pilot operations in several cities, including Beijing. The launch of 5G technology took place in Chongqing in April this year. In May, Etisalat announced the launch of a new generation of communications in the United Arab Emirates.
In December 2017, 3GPP, the regulator of mobile communications, signed the specification of 5G standards. This has allowed relevant companies around the world to develop standard devices for the fifth generation of the Internet.
Local networks using 5G technology already operate in the United States, Switzerland, China and South Korea. According to the latest forecasts, over the next five years, up to 20% of mobile network traffic will pass 5G.
5G networks have been available in China, South Korea, the United States, Germany and the UK since 2019, but this network is only partially operational and does not cover the entire territory of these countries. VIAVI, which specializes in testing networks around the world, discovered in January 2020 that the new generation 5G network is available in 378 cities in 34 countries.
On the environmental impact of 5G technologies
One of the main technologies used by the instant internet created by the applications of 5G technologies is the Beamforming principle or beam formation technology. The Massive MIMO database used in 5G technologies receives all signals and calculates their arrival time and direction. It uses certain algorithms to determine where the signal is coming from and creates the best route for it to be transmitted back to the phone. Thanks to this technology, base stations can send a stream of data concentrated to a specific device, rather than transmitting a signal in all directions. This plays a significant positive role in improving the ecology of the region where the network operates. Because the towers of the base stations of the previous generation of mobile operators transmitted signals in all directions, which created enough unnecessary electromagnetic "fog" in the space of the area covered by it. Naturally, this electromagnetic "fog" had a certain negative effect on the living things and vegetation in the area. From this point of view, the application of 5G technology is expedient in terms of normalization of the ecological situation in the region. As a result of such base stations, the perfect and uninterrupted operation of the public alarm system during the war will also be ensured.
The role of 5G technology in the fight against coronavirus
Contrary to the lies of the harmful 5G-COVID 19 sabotage theory mentioned in the article, 5G networks also played a positive role in the fight against coronavirus. In China, where the coronovirus first appeared and spread, 5G technology also played a role in curbing the virus in a short time. This is evidenced
by the experience of 5G network-based technologies in China, which have become reliable assistants to doctors and effective tools to prevent epidemics.
China has managed to take control of the coronavirus epidemic - just over two months later, life in the country has returned to normal. It was not just strict government control that prevented the spread of the disease in China. In China, for the first time in human history, the fight against coronavirus infection was carried out with the widespread use of new technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence and cloud technologies.
Evidence of this is the occasional media coverage of a field hospital in Uhan, where 5G telemedicine carts were seen. In these beds, patients' body temperatures were continuously measured with infrared thermometers that support 5G technology, and warned doctors online about patients requiring special attention. This fact was confirmed by Huawei company, which provided information on how the technology industry has helped China in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. According to the company, 5G networks have played a major role in this. In this case, decisions on the treatment of critically ill patients were made by medical councils with the remote participation of medical staff. As a result, fewer medical personnel in China have been infected with the coronavirus. To this end, Huawei and China Telecom have set up a 5G technology-based remote diagnostic platform at Healthcare Hospital in Wuhan, which provides healthcare professionals with reliable high-precision video communication and remote patient monitoring.
In the face of a rapidly growing pandemic and a shortage of medical personnel, such technology has proven to be invaluable. This shows once again that 5G-based medical technology is necessary and important in any country that may face a large-scale epidemic and does not always provide high-quality medical services to remote areas. From this point of view, it is expedient to switch to 5G technology as soon as possible in all countries.
The role of 5G technologies in medical science
The widespread use of 5G technology in medical science has also led to the rapid development of a field in medicine called telemedicine. It should be noted that telemedicine is not a new concept. As early as the 1950s, American scientists at the University of Nebraska were the first to use two-way television communication for remote consultation, creating a new direction. Medical examinations can also be done over long distances, but this required high-speed communication. It was the speed of communication at that time that did not allow the widespread development of this field.
Although telemedicine can already partially compensate for the lack of medical supplies and play an important role in emergencies, it has many shortcomings. These shortcomings are mainly due to insufficient bandwidth of mobile networks.
The emergence of the 5G standard has given new life to telemedicine. 5G networks are characterized by high data transfer rates (1-100 Gb / s), high reliability
and low latency. All this helps to eliminate the parameters that hinder the development of remote medical care.
It should be noted that long-distance consultations can also be carried out with the help of 4G standard or traditional wired network. However, only 5G networks allow live streaming of ultra-high definition (as it is called 4K or UHD) video, which raises the quality of visual inspection to a new level. And here the almost imperceptible delay makes ultrasound examination and long-distance surgery possible. As an example of longdistance surgery, it was clearly demonstrated in August last year in Sanya when a surgeon operated on the brain of a patient 3,000 km away using manipulators and monitors connected to a 5G network. Extensive research is already being conducted in this area around the world.
Low latency and high data transfer speeds on 5G networks allow patients in other hospitals to perform operations in full. High-tech equipment connected to 5G networks and reacting immediately "extends" the surgeon's arms for thousands of kilometers, thus not wasting the valuable time spent on transporting the patient to the right specialist.
One of the most important areas in medicine is the provision of first aid. In a serious case of patients, it is important to provide qualified medical care as soon as possible, as measured in minutes. Such cases are usually necessary when the patient is taken to the hospital or isolated by inexperienced staff in a remote facility.
In these cases, 5G-based mobile video communication is invaluable, allowing the specialist to examine the patient remotely and advise less experienced colleagues. In the future, any ambulance can be connected to the 5G network. In this case, not only the video from the ambulance will be broadcast to the hospital, but also all the information received from the medical equipment connected to the patient in the ambulance will be broadcast. "Connected to the network" medical equipment will allow patients in ambulances to receive medical care under the supervision of experienced doctors in remote hospitals - as if they were in a ward or operating room.
Another application of 5G networks to medical science is related to health monitors that monitor patients remotely. Such monitors allow remote monitoring of patients' condition. Health monitors that can be worn or dressed on the human body are widely used in medical centers in some developed countries. Such monitors help to provide timely and more effective medical care to elderly and chronic patients. It should be noted that the unstable and slow mobile communication in the previous generation did not effectively monitor such a situation. For example, monitoring of pacemakers requires timely response and uninterrupted data transmission. This can be done with 5G.
A monitoring system based on devices that can be connected to 5G networks and worn on the body can provide quality medical care to patients, monitor nutrition and medication, and create an early response system for timely diagnosis and better treatment.
The widespread use of 5G technology in medicine can completely solve the problem of lack of medical staff in individual countries in the face of the coronavirus pandemic and other undesirable epidemics of this type. For example, during the coronavirus pandemic, medical staff from friendly countries who came to the aid of a country could help with coronavirus from their own countries through 5G technology, get acquainted with the condition of patients, and prescribe appropriate treatment. This would save time, save them a considerable amount of money, and, most importantly, eliminate the risk of coronavirus infection when communicating with patients in many countries. For example, during a coronavirus pandemic in China, robots helped patients deliver medicine and food, monitor their condition remotely, and disinfect the area at a "smart" hospital set up during the Uhanda epidemic. At the same time, their coordinated and uninterrupted operation was provided by the 5G network. Thanks to 5G, modern medical science will be more technological, mobile and contactless. As the Chinese experience shows, if we do not want to be vulnerable to new virus threats, we need to apply these qualities, ie to accelerate the medical application of the 5G network as much as possible.
About planning 5G network in the world
Unlike previous generations, the construction of 5G networks in the country should not be entrusted only to mobile operators in our country (Azercel, Bakcel, Nar, etc.), as it is of special strategic importance, the state should take full control over the construction and management of this network. This is because the network will carry out activities in many strategic areas, for example, the country's medical activities will expand its activities on the basis of 5G technology. In this regard, the Azerbaijani government should establish a national mobile operator under full state control. I would also like to note that there are certain resources and bases for the establishment of 5G networks in our country. Because one of the components that will operate on the basis of 5G networks is the availability of the necessary reliable IT infrastructure in the country, and especially the cloud infrastructure.
Unlike previous generations, the construction of 5G networks in the country should not be entrusted only to private mobile operators , as it is of special strategic importance, the construction and management of this network should be fully controlled by the state. Because this network will operate in many strategic areas, for example, the country's medical activities will expand based on 5G technology. In this regard, governments should create national mobile operators under full state control.
A country that fully or partially owns 5G technology will have global leadership, which is why there is a fierce struggle between the United States and China in this area around the world.
Because the creation of 5G technologies will mark the beginning of a new phase in the world. 5G will change many things in all areas of our society, lay the foundation for many developments and create a new world order in general.
