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Christianity - from the good qualities of soul to deeds. Islam makes an emphasis on the quality of deeds, and Christianity - on soul and moral perfection. Hence, the essential difference in the nature of religious morality of Muslims and Christians.
Analyzing the key aspects of Islamic and Christian anthropologies, experts make the following conclusions:
Differences between these religious anthropologies reflect differences between Christian and Muslim civilizations, whereas affinity contributes to a constructive dialogue of these civilizations. The humane character of these anthropologies differs, but they are the forms of specific religious humanism. Modern Islamic extremism, just as the various forms of Christian extremism and sectarianism are based on distortion of Islamic and Christian anthropologies. Russia is a polyconfessional country on a single civilizational, socio-political and economic basis. It is necessary not only to preserve inter-religious peace, but also to realize inter-religious cooperation aimed at adapting the human nature of traditional religions to modern reality.
Author of the abstract - Elena Dmitrieva
2018.01.016. AIDAR IUZEEV. FORMATION OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY: CONFESSIONAL AND REGIONAL ASPECTS //
"Islam v sovremennom mire," Moscow, 2016, Vol. 12, № 4, P. 193-196.
Keywords: theology, Islam, regional component.
Aidar Iuzeev,
Dr.Sc. (Philosophy), Professor,
Head of Chair of Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines,
Kazan Branch of Russian State University of Justice
Theology as a scientific secular discipline having a direct relation to religion ("teaching about God") should be based on objective truth, which may not always correspond to the
interpretations of religious canons of the past days and our time. A researcher should strive to come to the truth as close as possible, for this determines the significance of the research work of a theologian. Adherence to one or another religion should not be of importance along this road. As to the methodology of research, A. Yuzeyev holds the view that philosophy is the closest of humanitarian sciences to theology. This is why in writing and defending theses on theology philosophy and its methodology are the most convenient instruments.
The main aspect in the work of a respondent is professionalism of a researcher, which should not depend on any factors. He/she should be distracted from reality and actively plunge into sources and the texts under investigation. If he/she uses sources in Arabic, as is the case of Islam, it would be better to cite them not only in Russian translation, but also in the original, because quite often a Russian translation does not adequately enough reflect the source. A respondent quite often distorts the original text he/she works on due to an insufficient knowledge of the language of the original.
A theologian working on a degree in Russia should know not only a narrow specialty (for instance, a specialist on Islam should know the foundations of other religions in Russia, above all Christianity and Judaism, but also he/ she should have a thorough idea about the Bible and the Koran, dogmatics, missionaries, historical development stages of religions, etc).
Another problem is knowledge of regional component. In our troubled time, when religious radicalism is becoming ever more popular among uneducated masses, this knowledge becomes very important. A person writing a thesis on Islam in the Volga area, for example, should know not only works by Arab Muslim theologians, but also local material, for instance, that by the Tatar theologian of the 19th century Sh. Marjani (1818-1889). This also concerns Christian philosophy of the Volga area at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century - for
instance works by the Russian philosopher and theologian V. Nesmelov (1883-1937).
It is necessary to publish works by religious philosophers of the 18th - 20th centuries in the language of the original and in translations. Among them are the Tatar thinkers Sh. Marjani, Kh. Faizkhan, R. Fahraddin and M. Bagiyev.
Author of the abstract - Valentina Schensnovich
2018.01.017. OLGA NOVIKOVA. WOMEN IN ISLAMIC STATE //
"Problemy evropeiskoi bezopasnosti" / RAS INION. Moscow, 2017, Issue 2, P. 103-124.
Keywords: gender, women, Islamic State, terrorism, suicide-terrorists.
Olga Novikova,
PhD (Hist.),
Head of Section of Europe and America, INION RAS
O. Novikova examines the problem of women's participation in terrorist organizations on the example of their activity in the "Islamic state." These problems have been studied but very little. Meanwhile, the gender aspect should not be neglected. The gender character of terrorism calls for the study of motivations and role of women supporting extremist organizations.
The ISIS was a little-studied terrorist organization in 2006 -2012 and had an insignificant number of women-terrorists in its ranks. However, the state of affairs has changed after the proclamation of the "Caliphate" by Abu Bakr al-Bagdadi on June 29, 2014 and his successes in Syria and Iraq. For instance, in 2015 among three thousand Europeans in the Islamic state there were 550 women (not counting citizens of Russia, CIS countries and Turkey). According to certain information, women comprise from ten to fifteen percent of all foreigners in the Islamic state.
