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Секция 5. Педагогика
Maksachuk Ekaterina Pavlovna, Moscow state Academy of physical culture, PhD
senior lecturer of the Department of management, Economics and the history of physical culture E-mail: kate-maksachyk@yandex.ru
The way of the harmonious development of a personality in the sport
Abstract: The article reveals the importance of harmonious personal development ofyoung athletes. This includes the following components in the sports education: motivation, theoretical, educational and axiological.
Keywords: personality of the athlete, motivation in sport, raising in sports, education in sports, pedagogical conditions.
The sport encompasses a huge potential for human impact on the physical and spiritual abilities of people, their relationships, gives the person the opportunity to assess their attitude towards their environment and through these relationships to understand their place in society. Young athletes included in the sports community, where they learn communication skills, develop a sense of belonging to a common cause, responsible for athletic performance. In sports, even at an early age student can perform social roles in the groups of peers. Therefore, youth sports schools are an effective counterbalance to the existing negative trends in the individual groups of modern society.
Children involved in sports school should not just be trained and educated, and to live a full, emotionally rich life in which they can satisfy their natural, social and spiritual needs, and to prepare themselves for adult independent life as a moral, law-abiding member of society, has found its place in society.
An important role in the socialization process is the determination of an individual in the team, i. e. the level of self-esteem perception of the team. For the development of personal qualities necessary discipline, which is supported by motivation, and knowledge of the norms of socially important standards and requirements. Universal norms of morality acquire specific traits in social communication and professional activities.
The problem is the current status of physical education is that sports is most often used only to improve physical condition and hardly used for the formation of moral and aesthetic culture of the person, his creative and intellectual capacity to meet its needs in communicating with other people and with nature. The main attention is usually drawn to the formation of certain abilities and skills to participate in sports activities and show high results, interest in the commercial side of the sport activity.
Unilateral physical development in ahead of spiritual and intellectual is a violation of the principles
of Olympism, which declared the harmonious unity of the physical, spiritual and intellectual.
The idea of personality reflects the social nature of human beings, belonging to human society. Personality — socialized individual, subject and object of social relations and historical process. The formation of man depends, on the one hand, from a full-fledged biological, physical conditions conducive to active relationship to perception, exploring the outside world, on the other hand, from the environment in which he will develop.
Personality-creative component of sports education due to the fact that the student is aware of self, allocates a separate “I” from the environment. The formation of the personality of the young athlete is represented as a process of purposeful, organized with the help of special methods and various means and forms of active learning interaction of students and teachers.
Personal sports culture can be formed using the methods of character education, high culture, training, recovery, self-control, the formation of self-discipline and persistence in achieving goals, ability to multi-year systematic work on his improvement, ability to win and lose without losing your dignity and belief in future success.
Despite the fact that the role of the cognitive component in sports education is of great importance, it is often underestimated. As a consequence of the lack of knowledge in the field of sports activities. But we should fight it. Sports education largely creates conditions for sports literacy, i. e. awareness in the field of sports.
Valeological education network expansion and deepening of knowledge about the culture of health on the basis of learner-centered instruction from the perspective of professional activity. The purpose of valeological education is the formation of a culture of health, the responsible person’s relationship to personal health and the environment as the condition and the factors of its formation and development.
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Section 5. Pedagogy
The result of valeological education is determined, on the one hand, the level of theoretical knowledge about the basics of health and healthy lifestyle, and that is particularly important is the presence of valeological culture, which allows the individual to take an active position in relation to the preservation and strengthening of their own health, to use the available methods and means of control and correction for the development of their potential.
The aim of Olympic education is the inclusion of children and young people to the ideals and values of Olympism, the values of which are: social characteristics of the ideal all-round development of harmonious personality, patriotism in sport, waiver requirements from racial, political, religious or other discrimination, selfexpression, self-determination, self-improvement for the sake of society as a whole and of each person individually by means of sports.
Anti-doping education aims to promote health, fairness and equality for all athletes. Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit ofsport. Anti-doping rules, like competition rules, are sport rules that should be adhered to. Prevention of doping in sport contributes to increased attention to existing problems and queries to the dissemination of relevant and accurate information, but also has a positive impact on beliefs, attitudes and behavior of athletes.
Of course, need to inform young athletes theoretical material regarding sports activity, a sport that he chose, and the information should be presented in accordance with the age of the student.
There should be the following sections:
— the concept of physical qualities;
— the concept of means and methods of development of physical qualities;
— basic knowledge about the rules of competition in the chosen sport.
The education of the child during sports activity involves the formation of moral foundations. The personality of a young athlete is represented as a process of purposeful, organized with the help of special methods and various means and forms of active learning interaction between young athletes and coaches.
Value sport involves achieving an integrity of the knowledge of the person, importance ofhuman values in the modern world, awareness of their place in culture, the development of cultural identity and abilities to transform cultural activities.
It manifests itself through harmonization of spiritual and physical strength of personality, the formation of
such universal values as health, physical culture, physical perfection. Therefore, value consciousness can exist both at the level of the public individual consciousness. Value consciousness of society is represented in the form of social value systems: ideas, ideals, norms, traditions of a given society. The value consciousness of the personality is the totality of individual landmarks to certain social values: ideals, norms, and customs. Internalized social values presented in personal consciousness, are specific, moving system and become value orientations of the person.
When the formation of a harmoniously developed personality should be respected pedagogical conditions (it is necessary to clarify the concept of “pedagogical conditions”. Philosophy determines the category of “condition” as an expression of the relationship of the subject to surrounding phenomena, without which he cannot exist. Thus, the condition is a certain optimal environment in which phenomena are dynamic):
1. Subject-subject relationship between coach and athlete, based on the interaction;
2. Pedagogical support, when the coach directs the activities of the athlete, but he does it gently, creating appropriate pedagogical situations. The implementation of sport education will have a certain effect in the case of compulsory pedagogical support from the coach, which should provide advice, not forgetting certain amount of independence for young athletes, respect their wishes and aspirations. This is quite a difficult moment in sports education, as it is necessary to build a lineage relationship between coach and athletes (in order not traced dictatorship on the part of the coach, as well as unwanted effects athletes on the decision of the head), as well as relations between the athletes themselves.
3. Conversations with parents, which helps to come to a unified requirements concerning the education of athletes;
4. Information support of athletes required for formation of a harmoniously developed personality. The athlete should be theoretically prepared to realize that it can work.
5. Creating problem-search situations in training sessions, which are a natural productive creative activity and determine the mental activity that occurs in the process offormulating and solving problems. Problematic situation as a necessary condition in the development of creative abilities of young athletes, acceptable at a sufficiently high level of acquired knowledge, abilities and skills in sports activities.
6. Mandatory homework.
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Секция 5. Педагогика
Thus, it is possible to make the following conclusion: for harmonious personal development ofyoung athletes need to pay attention to the motivational component of the training sessions, as well as theoretical and
educational units, which unites the axiological block. With the exception of at least one of them, we will deal with one-sided approach in the educational process, which is unacceptable in the formation of identity.
References:
1. Grigorovich L. A., Marcinkowska T. D. (2004) Pedagogy and psychology. - M, «Gardariki».
2. Kodzhaspirova G. M. (2003) Pedagogy in the schemes. - Moscow, «Pedagogy».
3. Kopylov M.S (2011). «Motivational and volitional components of the representatives of middle-distance running as a reserve for the effectiveness of their training and competitive activity», Proceedings of University. PF Lesgaft, № 9. p. 89
4. Lubysheva L. I (2009) «The phenomenon of sports culture in the aspect of methodological analysis», Theory and Practice of Physical Culture, № 3, p.28
5. Orynbasarova E. A. (2003) Ethics teacher. - Almaty, «Bastau».
Nainish Larisa Alexeevna, Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Faculty of Territorial Management
E-mail: nainish.larisa@yandex.ru Gavrilov Mikhail Alexandrovich, Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Senior Tutor, Faculty of Territorial Management E-mail: gavrilov1979@inbox.ru
Formation algorithm for optimal learning technology
Abstract: In a given article situational analysis has been carried out. Reasons have been pointed out which lead to a decline in a quality of modern higher technical education in Russian Federation. One of the ways to solve this given problem has been offered. It contains within itself a possibility of researching an algorithm which is to be used to form and correct the universal educational technology.
Keywords: problems of the pedagogical education of students in technical universities, connections of educational process, pedagogical situation, algorithm of educational process
It has been known that among the questions that stimulate the progress of humanity reside the two following:
1. How to produce a quality product?
2. How to minimize expenses producing it?
The basic approach to finding the answer for those two questions lies with the theory of optimal projection, which became more widespread recently [5]. Several definitions of given term do exist, and they characterize it from different points of view while characteristics are based on an application areas of optimization. Results
of the search of generality between optimizing solutions made it possible to form the methodology of optimal projection theory, a theory that has its own structure, principles, means, logic, conditions and regulations. When being applied to different areas of knowledge, the theory is being filled with different content. Methods of optimization are most commonly used in the areas of knowledge where numerical methods apply: machine industry, automatization, production of construction materials and elements, etc. At the present time there is a tendency for spreading the optimal projection’s methodology into those knowledge areas, which rarely or do not apply to mathematical models. One of those knowledge areas is pedagogics. The actuality of application of the optimal projection theory bears no doubt, especially at the present time, once the question concerning the optimal ratio between learning quality and economical costs of the learning process would be put up [1,7].
Basic principles of the methodology of the optimal projection theory allow to form the ways to search for a best solution, the latter being the learning technology [2,4]. The pedagogical experience of authors shows that
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