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Submitted: 22.08.2018 Author's information:
Anisimova A.Y. - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Izhevsk State Technical University Named After KalashnikovM.T.", 426069, Russia, Izhevsk, Studencheskaya str., House 76, e-mail:_ffkis@istu.ru
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-106-112
THE STRUCTURE OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES DEVELOPMENT AMONG 8-9-YEAR-OLD GIRLS, WHO GO IN FOR CALLISTHENICS AND THEIR CONTEMPORARIES, WHO GO IN FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN TERMS OF SCHOOL PROGRAM
Zinchuk N.A.1, Dorontsev A.V.2, Yankevich I.E.1, Dorontseva K.A.2, Nain An. A.3
1Astrahhan State University Russia, Astrakhan, niva-zinchuk@mail.ru, rigicc @mail.ru 2Astrakhan State Medical University Russia, Astrakhan, aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru, doronceva@rambler.ru 3Ural State University of Physical Culture Russia, Chelyabinsk, annanain@mail.ru
Annotation. One of the most effective physical upbringing means is callisthenics, where gymnastic exercises without things, and also with the ball, skipping rope, clubbells, ribbon and a hoop, are combined with dancing elements and form individual and group motor compositions fulfilled to music. Such kind of varied training combination helps to develop general culture of movements among junior schoolgirls, orienting them in musical rhythms and influencing their motor qualities. Materials. The work presents physical qualities study among 75 girls of the main medical group at a secondary school. Girls are the pupils of the 2nd and the 3rd forms and 36 (EG) of them go in for callisthenics during extracurricular activity (6-8 hours a week). The research also presents the
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based on a complex assessment of functional state. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 156-160 (Scopus).
15. Kuznetsov A., Mutaeva I., Kuznetsova Z., 2017. Diagnostics of Functional State and Reserve Capacity of young Athletes' Organism. In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 111-115 (Scopus).
16. Gibadullin I.G., Korbit M.I., Voropai M.K., Smirnova I., Smirnova K. Dynamics respiratory system indices among biatlonists during a long-term training. Pedagogiko-psohologicheskie I mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul 'tury I sporta = Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sport. 2018; 13(2): 32-37. URL: http://www.journal-science.org/ru/article/983.html. DOI 10.14526/02_2018_305 [In Russ., In Engl.]
results of the control group, which includes 39 girls(CG) of the same age, who go in for physical education in terms of school program. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis and summarizing, the results of the control normatives, functional tests, medical checkups results analysis, statistical data handling. Results. The authors of the research suppose that the girls, who go regularly in for callisthenics, differ from their contemporaries, as they are characterized by high movements coordination, they orient themselves better in space, have the predictable level of physical qualities development. Conclusion. The held research works prove that going in for callisthenics during a junior school age helps not only master difficult in coordination exercises, but also reflects positive dynamics of general physical level. Keywords: junior school age, callisthenics, physical qualities development.
Citation: Zinchuk N.A. Dorontsev A.V., Yankevich. I.E. Dorontseva K.A., Nain An. A. The structure of physical qualities development among 8-9-year-old girls, who go in for callisthenics and their contemporaries, who go in for physical education in terms of school program. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogical-Psychological And Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13 (3): 82-86. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-133-106-112.
URGENCY
Junior school age is a favorable period not only for most main motor qualities development, but also for the upbringing part of pupils' integral personality development realization [2,4]. A traditional approach to physical upbringing means and methods use, especially typical physical culture programs use at the lesson, is not always enough for children's functional abilities increase and their main motor qualities development [7]. Nowadays physical upbringing programs are developed, their new kinds are created, which have sports, health-improving and educational orientation [11]. The problem of new effective physical education methodologies creation for junior schoolchildren is still very urgent. It is also important to search for education means and methods combinations, which would help to increase the interest of schoolchildren not only in physical education lessons, but also in a chosen kind of sport [1,5]. One of the most effective physical upbringing means is callisthenics, where gymnastic exercises are combined with dancing elements, form original motor compositions, fulfilled to music. Such kind of varied training combination helps to develop general culture of movements among junior schoolgirls, orienting them in musical rhythms and influencing their motor qualities [6,8]. Positive emotions, connected with a successful mastering difficult in coordination
combinations, as a rule, cause children's desire to fulfill movements more energetically, which increases their influence on an organism, forming its full development, increasing adaptation and regulatory abilities of the most important systems of an organism [3,9,10]. In this connection we held physical readiness analysis among junior school age girls, who go in for callisthenics during extracurricular activity and their contemporaries, who go in for physical education only in terms of school program.
The aim of the research. To substantiate theoretically the importance of going in for calisthenics, as the condition for physical readiness level increase among junior school age girls.
The objective. To check experimentally the influence of calisthenics on physical qualities development among junior school age girls.
Research organization
We studied physical readiness of 75 junior school age girls at the age of 8-9, who were included into the main medical group, at secondary schools of Astrakhan. 36 of 75 girls went in for callisthenics during their extracurricular activity (term of lessons 1-3 years). The pedagogical experiment was held during 2016-2017 academic years. During the research clinical information, the results of the current medical checkup, standard functional tests, control normatives were
analyzed. The research was held on the basis of Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan State University and callisthenics sports school for children and teen-agers of the Olympic reserve named after L.A. Tikhomirova.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION
At the initial stage of the experiment the experimental group (n1 - 36) and the control group (n2 - 39) had the children with different level of physical qualities development.
In the group of children (n1 - 36), who go in for callisthenics, physical qualities development was reflected in the following indices:
Stating experiment - a high level of speed qualities development (30 meters running), was among 32±4% of the respondents, the average level of development was among 55±5% of the respondents, a low level had 13±2 % of the respondents. In endurance development test (jumps over the skipping rope within 30 seconds) this group had the following results: high level had 87±5% of schoolgirls, the average level had 13±2% of schoolgirls, there was no low level of endurance development among the girls, who went in for calisthenics. In dexterity forming test (throwing the ball up) the following results were revealed: 60±5% of schoolgirls had a high level, 34±5% of schoolgirls had the average level, 6±1% of schoolgirls had a low level. Flexibility development (head lean standing on a gymnastic bench) showed the following results: high level of flexibility development had 60±5% of schoolgirls, the average level of flexibility development had 27±4% of schoolgirls, a low level had 13±2% of schoolgirls. The results of power indices development test were the following (pull-up from lying support hang position): a high level -27±5%, an average level -55±5% and a low level - 18±2% of the respondents.
Forming experiment - a high level of speed qualities development had 55 ± 5% of the respondents, an average level had 32 ± 3% of the respondents and a low level had 13 ±
2% of schoolgirls. In endurance test a high level of endurance development was among 93±6% of the respondents, the average level was among 7±2% of schoolgirls, there was no low level of endurance development among the girls, who go in for callisthenics. During the level of dexterity development, the following results were revealed: a high level of dexterity development had 76 ± 10% of the respondents, the average level had 24 ± 4% of girls, there was no low level of dexterity development among the girls in the experimental group. Flexibility development indices were the following: a high level of flexibility development had 66 ± 7% of girls, an average level had 21 ± 4% of girls and a low level had 13±2% of girls. Power abilities development was demonstrated in the following results: a high level had 27±5% of girls, the average level had 64±5% of girls, a low level had 9±2% of the respondents.
In the control group of the girls, who go in for physical education only in terms of school program, the following levels of physical readiness were revealed:
Stating experiment - a high index of speed qualities development at the beginning of the academic year had 14 ± 2% of the respondents, the average level had 50± 5% of the respondents, low indices in 30 meters running had 36% ± 4% of the girls. In endurance test high level of indices had 8% ± 2% of schoolgirls, the average level had 30 ± 5 % of schoolgirls, a low level had 62 ± 8 %. In dexterity test at the beginning of the experiment high level had 20±3% of schoolgirls, the average level had 46±5% of schoolgirls, low level had 26±2% of schoolgirls. A high level of power indices development at the beginning of the experiment was among 29±3% of schoolgirls, the average level was among 51±5% of schoolgirls and a low level was among 15±3% of schoolgirls.
Forming experiment - at the end of the academic year speed qualities development levels were the following: a high level had 18 ± 3% of schoolgirls, the average level had 60 ± 5% of schoolgirls and a low level had 22 ± 4% of schoolgirls. In
endurance test a high level of development had 14 ± 2% of schoolgirls, the average level had 38 ± 8% of schoolgirls and a low level had 48 ± 5% of schoolgirls. The levels of dexterity development were the following: a high level had 28 ± 5% of schoolgirls, the average level had 52 ± 8% of schoolgirls and a low level had 20 ± 4% of the respondents. In flexibility indices determination high level
had 28 ± 5% of the girls, the average level had 53 ± 6% of the respondents and a low level had 19 ± 4% of schoolgirls. At the end of the pedagogical experiment power indices were the following: a high level had 35±5% of the respondents, the average level had 46±5% of the girls and a low level had 15±3% of the girls (Table 1).
Table 1
The levels of physical qualities development among junior age children (girls), who go in for callisthenics and their contemporaries, who go in for physical education in terms of secondary
school
Index The level of physical qualities development Stating experiment % Forming experiment % Final result %
ni n2 ni n2 ni n2
Speed qualities High 32±4 14±2 55±5 18±3 +23 +4
Average 55±5 50±5 32±3 60±5 -23 +10
Low 13±2 36±4 13±2 22±4 0 -14
Endurance High 87±5 8±2 93±6 14±2 +6 +6
Average 13±2 30±5 7±2 38±8 -6 +8
Low 0 62±8 0 48±5 0 -14
Dexterity High 60±5 20±3 76±10 28±5 +16 +8
Average 34±5 46±5 24±4 52±8 -10 +6
Low 6±1 34±4 0 20±4 -6 -14
Flexibility High 60±5 28±5 66±7 28±5 +6 0
Average 27±4 46±5 21±4 53±6 -6 +7
Low 13±2 26±2 13±2 19±4 0 -7
Power High 27±5 29±3 27±5 35±5 0 +6
Average 55±5 51±5 64±5 46±5 +9 -6
Low 18±2 15±3 9±2 15±3 -9 0
CONCLUSION
Thus, on the basis of the held experiment we conclude that, in case of systematic callisthenics lessons, 8-9-year-old
girls differ from their contemporaries, as they have a higher level of physical qualities development. The held pedagogical experiment showed that physical readiness
structure of girls-gymnasts has its typical features, which are conditioned by educational-training callisthenics lessons means and are reflected in high levels of indices in difficult-coordinating tests, endurance tests, quickness, flexibility tests and is less demonstrated in power abilities development. Hence, callisthenics as an additional kind of physical activity in a junior school age can be considered an effective means of physical qualities development.
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Author's information:
Zinchuk N.A. - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University, 414028, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishchev str., House 31/17, e-mail: niva-zinchuk@mail.ru Dorontsev A.V. - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru
Yankevich I.E. - Senior Lecturer, Astrakhan State University 414028, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishchev str., House 31/17, e-mail: rigicc @,mail.ru
Dorontseva K.A. - Master of Sport of the Russian Federation in Callisthenics, Student, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: doronceva@rambler.ru
Nain An.A. - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Ural State University of Physical Culture, 454091, Russia, Chelyabinsk, Ordzhonikidze str., House 1, e-mail: annanain@mail.ru
