CC BY
47
UDC 636.237.21.082.251:619:618.19-002.003.12
THE SELECTION OF A SWAB SAMPLES FROM THE SURFACE OF THE LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS
Timohin O.V., Candidate of Technical Sciences Sahno N.V., Doctor of Veterinary Sciences Skrebnev S.A., Candidate of Veterinary Sciences Skrebnevа E.N., Candidate of Biological Sciences Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of the use of the developed plate-template for the selection of samples from the surface of cattle-breeding premises with the purpose of definition of bacterial infestation. Use of the proposed plate - template for the selection of samples -samples from the surface allows to exclude unintentional offset plates - template on the chosen site, the deletion of non-productive costs of working time, save material for the manufacture of plate pattern provide comfort at work and reduce tensions regime of the researcher's work, reduce the time spent on the selection of samples, expand the possibility of applying the template to different surfaces, eliminating the need for repeated research, enhance the accuracy of the results of the study.
KEY WORDS
Bacterial dissemination made; Plate-template; Dairy equipment; Runoff; Surface; Microorganisms.
Known method of determination of bacterial contamination of dairy equipment that washings from flat surfaces of instruments and equipment an area selected by cotton or gauze tampons, which are washed in 3-4 cm3 physiological solution [1, 3, 4, 5].
The main disadvantage of a technique of definition of bacterial contamination of dairy equipment is an approximate calculation of the content of microorganisms on unit of the area.
Also known plate - template for the selection swab samples from the surface of the standard sizes, containing square case of a metal strip with a working window of 10 x 10 cm and with external parameters 18x18 see the width of the stripes is equal to 4.0 cm to be able to fix fingers plate - template on the surface. To preserve the stability of plates template to strain at work, it is made of metal thickness of 1.0 mm, the weight of the product is 217,2 gram [6].
One of the drawbacks of the plate is the template for the design is that it is designed for selection swab samples on a flat areas. If it is impossible to select swab samples from the angles of both the inside and the outside of the surface. In addition, the sampling - washes with a surface area of 10 x 10 cm is spent from 25 to 30 seconds. A significant part of their working time is spent on the plate template on the surface such as a wall. Often unproductive expenses of working time arise because it is inconvenient when you delete a plate - a template from the floor after sampling.
When working plate - template necessary to keep on the surface with your fingers, for example the wall. The plate - template has a relatively large weight, 217,2 grams, which causes inconvenience and difficulties in work. During sampling, it may be shifted relative to the analyzed land plot, increasing the size of the sample surface.
All this may distort the results of the conductivity is my work and provoke the appointment of undue therapy animals. As a rule, these results do not take into account and work on the diagnosis of bacterial contamination carry out on-again.
Responsibility of the technical solution is to eliminate the existing shortcomings and improving the accuracy of diagnostic tests.
Materials and methods of research by Convention, this goal was a diagnostic inspection of premises in OAO Yaroslavl «Red star» Orlovsky district of the Orlov region and in the farms of Baden - Wurttemberg (Germany).
Figure 1 - Selection swab tests in the farms of the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Germany)
Results and discussion. We have developed a plate - a template for the selection swab samples from the surface, which refers to the veterinary Microbiology, namely to laboratory equipment for the diagnosis of bacterial contamination of livestock and food items. The most efficient use of plate - template for the selection swab samples from the surface in determining the bacterial contamination of livestock premises, equipment food-howl industry and half-carcasses of animals.
The task was achieved thanks to the mu that, in a plate - a template for the selection swab samples from the surface, containing square case of a metal strip with a working window 10x10 cm made a number of useful changes. So, hull plate template is made of two equal parts, pivotally connected with the fight, one with a handle, the width of the metal strip body is equal to 1/10 of the party of the working window [2].
Our plate - template for the selection swab samples from the surface of the works in the following way. Its use is described on the example of diagnostic research for determination of the species composition of microflora premises farm for cows.
Plate - template take the handle and put the work window 10x10 cm intended for selection swab samples surface, such as a wall. After the cotton swab in the form of a cotton swab dampened with isotonic solution of sodium chloride, gather content of the surface. Strokes with a cotton swab perform left-to-right and back-but, moving from the top down, just inside the Pro-space of the working window. Then strokes with a cotton swab operates from the bottom up and back, moving from left to right.
Thus, each area of the surface twice in contact with a cotton swab with his consistent mutually perpendicular promotions.
Figure 2 - Modified plate - template for the selection swab samples from the surface contains:
1 - the case of the metal strip; 2 - working window; 3 - hinges, which connects the two equal parts of
the body; 4 - arm.
The hinges allow to change the position under various angles of the part of the body, which is not adjacent to the arm. So, in the position A possible sampling straight over the surface, in the position B - sampling with the internal areas of the angle and position C-sampling with the outer surface of the angle.
The presence arm creates convenience while working with it on a vertical surface and when you remove the plate template with a horizontal surface after work. In addition, the possibility of fixing the template - plate handle possible to reduce the width of the hull from 4.0 to 1.0 cm, which corresponds to 1/10 part of the width of the working window. Such material savings reduced also the weight of a plate - template-2.3 times, with 217,2 gram up to 94.5 grams.
The presence arm simplifies plate template for the selection swab samples from the surface and reduces the time needed to operations necessary for 10-15 seconds. This gives the opportunity to perform work in the required mode and excludes repeat studies. The housing template - plate of two equal parts, interconnected by means of hinges, extends the area of application of this auxiliary laboratory equipment to determine the bacterial contamination of various surfaces.
This significantly increases the effectiveness of research (table 1). The use of plate -template for the selection swab samples from the surface of our model is more effective in comparison with the known and eliminates repeated studies as a result of unintentional bias plate template with the proposed site for the selection swab samples.
Table 1 - Comparative efficacy of application of various plates for selection swab samples
Plate - template for the selection swab samples The amount of research The cost and time to study seconds Offset plates template from the site of the study Re-sampling -washes
Modified 350 15 - 20 - -
Known 350 25 - 30 24 24
Developed plate - template for the selection swab samples from the surface has been successfully applied when carrying out laboratory works and scientific research at the Department of epizootology and therapy Orel State Agrarian University and diagnostic studies of OAO «Red star» Orlovsky district of the Orlov region. Research conducted at the Institute for environmental and hygiene of animals and veterinary medicine, the clinic for animals (University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany) and in the farms of the Baden -Wurttemberg land, Germany): on a dairy farm Schwabisch Hall-Bibersfeld and Starkholzbach, on sheep Oberer Lindhof on a pig farm in Schwabisch Hall - Unterer Lindenhof and Waldhof, as well as shelters for dogs and cats Vier Pfoten Service in the Goppingen-Bezgenriet; Tierschutzverein Stuttgart und Umgebung e.v.
This joint development of scientists of Russia and Germany was made possible due to the international Erasmus Mundus Action 2 - Partnerships (IAMONET-RU).
CONCLUSIONS
Use of plate - template for the selection swab samples from the surface of our model allows: avoid inadvertent offset plate - template chosen the site for the research; eliminate unproductive expenditure of working time; save material for the manufacture of plate -template at the expense of reduction of its weight in 2.3 times; provide convenience at work with the plate pattern and reduce tensions mode of work of the researchers; decrease the time spent on the selection swab samples with an area of 100 cm2 for 10-15 seconds; enhance the possibility of the application of plate - template variety of surfaces made with angles; eliminate the need to conduct additional studies; improve the accuracy of the results of research; assign appropriate therapy animals, as well as disinfection mode of premises and equipment according to the results of research.
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