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1 2 3
3 The destroyed protective layer with the bared rusted fittings (more 20%ploshchadi) 2,0
Break more than one core of working fittings 2,0
Inclination of folding consoles, cracks in a root of consoles 2,0
The cracks changing disclosure under loading 2,0
Availability cross more 0,2mm in preliminary and intense flying structures 2,0
The class of a flying structure is lower than a class of loading 2,0
The through cracks separating a carriageway plate from the main beam 2,0
On end technical diagnostics and establishments of total, the • good (4) — at 0,02 B 0,1 (inclusive);
appropriated mark estimates "" is accepted the following conditions: • satisfactory (3) — at 0,1 B 2,0
• excellent (5) — B = 0; • unsatisfactory (2) — 2,0 B
References:
1. Shestikov V. I. Ways of increase in durability of the operated bridges//Designing, repair and operation of artificial constructions on and/M.: TsBNTI, - 1996. - No 52. - P. 5-14.
2. V.P Chirkov. Theoretical bases of forecasting of service life of steel concrete designs. Tutorial. - M.: MIIT, - 1998. - P. 56.
3. Bondarenko V. M., Iosilevsky L. I., Chirkov V. P. Reliability of building structures and bridges. - M: Publishing house of Academy of architecture and construction sciences, - 1996. - P. 220.
4. A research ofwork of the bases and flying structures of bridges in extreme conditions ofEnvironments Asia on Bridge building objects. Tashkent-1988. - P. 115. No. 7 Report on NIR (interval) of DSP/TashIIT.
5. Mamajanov R. Probabilistic forecasting of a resource of steel concrete flying structures of bridges. - Tashkent: Fan. - 1993. - 156 p.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-9.10-186-188
Kurbanov Janibek Fayzullayevich, Department of «Electric communication and radio», Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: jonik_piter@mail.ru
The control system of a single unit of the spatial field
Abstract: This paper deals with the development of control systems and the hardware of the device unified spatial field (DUSF), as well as identifying opportunities for its use of new functional materials. The control system provides an automatic feed control voltage and current, auto shut off circuit when the temperature rises in the coils.
Keywords: Frequency, thyristor, electric fields, magnetic fields, drivers, microcontroller, power management, transistors IGBT.
There are many methods and schemes of control technology grinding and extraction of bulk materials by means of a single unit of the spatial field. The easiest way to control — this control thyristors. Thyristors are the power devices of any technology of grinding and extraction. But most important in this technology is that the thyristors can be used at a low frequency of 2 Hz to 125 Hz. There thyristors frequency type PM, but they are designed to manage frequencies up to 10 kHz. For the grinding of minerals require very high currents of up to 300-450 A. The maximum current of thyristor frequency reaches 125 A — 250 A. It is therefore necessary to develop a universal management system that works with high currents and a wide frequency range from 2 Hz to 30 kHz. Therefore the choice of the theme of the article is relevant [1; 2-3].
The aim is to: the development of a universal management system that allows you to use it without an intermediary — thyristor converter. This system should possess a wide range of duty cycle adjustment is 5, 10, 20, 30, corresponding to frequencies of 5, 15, 18, and 25 Hz in the range of 3, 8, 17, 20, 25 kHz. Another disadvantage of the thyristor converter is that it is not included in the beginning of the line voltage half cycle and at arbitrary times which are separated from the half cycle beginning at a time not
exceeding the period of firing pulses, i. e. 50-100-200 microseconds. During this time the line voltage may increase to approximately 5-20 V. This results in a reduction of the input voltage. Another problem is that during the action of the trigger pulse current through the thyristor reaches the holding current, the thyristor is turned off after the end of the pulse. In developing the technology were used special methods based on the interaction of electric and magnetic fields and at different behavior of elements in the electric and magnetic fields. Particles with different electrical and magnetic properties become different trajectory. To manage these fields have developed special types of coil, an electromagnet and a copper rod. Block diagram of a single spatial field is shown in figure 1.
For grinding and extraction of bulk materials by means of a single unit of the spatial field, it requires a power supply of 220 V the voltage step-down transformer to reduce the voltage of 120/80V. It is necessary to obtain a sufficiently large circuit current 8 pulsed mode (up to 300A) at low supply voltage (up to 80 V) and low frequency (5 Hz to 30 kHz on). For this purpose it is necessary to choose the management and implementation of hardware for guaranteed power switching devices [2, 1-3].
The control system of a single unit of the spatial field
Figure 1. Block diagram of the converter unit
Depending on the control system output parameters, they are PWM (pul se — width modulation) with PFM (frequency — width modulation) and phase adjustment, and combinations of these three. PWM control circuit shown in figure 2. With the control system controls the range of frequencies to produce an output signal of a desired shape. The control system uses pulse-width modulation
D1
(PWM), where the power switch is opened for a time proportional to the desired output voltage. This signal consists ofpulses of different widths. The output of the PWM signal is obtained almost perfect desired shape. PWM control requires special care when installing the power circuits [3, 4-5].
+ 310V
T1
Driver
Driver
T2Ü
T1
CT
A D2
Figure 2. PWM control circuit
The control system is based on a microcontroller ATMega8. We all know that a microprocessor controlled by software. The control system provides:
— automatic feeding of the control voltage and current;
— automatic shutdown when the temperature rises in the coils;
— automatic control of flow in the pipe materials. Schematic diagram of the microcontroller, modeled in the program Proteus, is shown in figure 3. The circuit is equipped with a plug connection, the programmer to reprogram the microcontroller
[4, 1-3].
Figure 3. Schematic
Technical parameters of the controller as follows:
— 16K loaded flash memory;
— 512 bytes EEPROM;
of the controller
— 32 of I/O pins;
— configurable timer/counter with the regime coincidence;
— internal and external interrupts;
— programmable universal serial port;
— built-in generator;
— three-channel PWM;
— built-in analog comparator;
— 8 — channel 10 — bit ADC;
— watchdog.
The microcontroller used quartz resonator 8 MHz. The appearance of the controller board is shown in figure 4. On the basis of the «C++Builder» program is recorded on the microcontroller to control a single device spatial field. Through the program «C ++ Builder», we get an accurate signal to the range of 5 Hz to 30 kHz.
Figure 4. The appearar
Production of bulk materials requires a fairly large UEPP induction in the order of 6 T. To create a large induction in pulsed mode is selected insulated-gate bipolar transistor
of the controller board
(IGBT) brand SEMIKRON SKM800GA126D and the driver. At the gates of power switches form the signal to be purely rectangular shape in figure 5 and figure 6 on the key signals.
Figure 5. Form signals to the gate of power switches.
Y Y f
Figure 6. Form of key signals
In its internal structure IGBT is a cascade connection of two electronic switches: Enter key FET controls the powerful terminal key bipolar transistor. The gate electrode is called a gate electrode is the other two — the emitter and collector of the bipolar like. This allows the inclusion compound to combine in one device the advantages of both types of semiconductor devices.
IGBT driver control device is a middleware between the CPU (control circuit) and the security keys. The driver is designed to per-
by adjusting the pulse duration
form two main functions: formation of the control signal on the gate of IGBT in accordance with the commands of the processor, and diagnoses the status (presence or absence of a current overload). With timely turn off the power transistor signal is sent to the accident IGBT processor.
The developed control system allows to obtain a positive pulse output signal and adjust its amplitude, phase and duration.
References:
1. Kolesnikov I. K., Kadirov O.Kh.Kurbanov J. F. The dynamics of the process of separation ofminerals by united spatial field. WCIS - 2014, Eighth World Conference on Intelligent Systems for Industrial Automation. - November - 25-27, - 2014, - Tashkent, - Uzbekistan.
2. Колесников И. К., Кадиров О. Х., Курбанов Ж. Ф. Система управления многофункциональным устройством единого пространственного поля. XI - Международная научно-техническая конференция «Оптико-электронные приборы и устройства в системах разпознавания образов, обработки изображений и символьной информации» - Курск, Россия, - 2013. - С. 336.
3. Kolesnikov I. K., Khalikov A. A., Ibragimova O. A., Kurbanov J. F. Theoretical bases of the disinfection, removing of salts and peelings of water by united spatial field. Magazine, #11-2013, «European Applied Sciences», - Germany, - 2013.
4. Kurbanov J. F. Management and hardware implementation of a single spatial field. International Journal «International Review of Education and Science». - No.1. (8), January-June, - 2015, - Volume II, "Ottawa University Press".
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