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Mammadov Nazim Rahbar The Institute of History named after A.Bakikhanov of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2024-8201-5-7 THE CONCEPT OF H.A.ALIYEV ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE KARABAKH REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN (1970-1985)
Abstrat.
Thus, in the years 1970-1985 the economy of Garabagh region of Azerbaijan SSR experienced a special, qualitatively new, higher stage in its development. According to the main socio-economic indicators, the main development criteria, in a brief space of time the Garabagh region stood not only in the forefront, but even in some sectors of the economy it took the first place in the republic. As a result of intensive, full use ofproductive opportunities, natural resources, favorable natural and climatic conditions the region reached an unprecedented level of economic development. In the years 1070-1985 the Garabagh region of the republic entered a qualitatively new, period of change of its cultural development. Owing to the purposeful policy of Heydar Aliyev, favorable condition was created for the development of education, science, the press, literature and various arts in this region of the country.
Keywords: Azerbaijan, Shusha, national leader Heydar Aliyev, Garabagh, city, political stability, region, development, the concept
On July 14, 1969 at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic Communist Party Heydar Alirza oghlu Aliyev was elected First Secretary of the CC of the CP of Azerbaijan [9, s.26]. Thus, the foundation of a new, crucial stage in the modern history of the Azerbaijani people was laid.
On August 5, 1969, H.A.Aliyev, speaking at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CP of Azerbaijan, analyzed the state of the country's economy comprehensively, drew attention of the Plenum participants to serious shortcomings in economic management, cultural construction, ideological issues in the republic, and showed ways to eliminate these shortcomings [2, v.5]. At this Plenum of the Central Committee of the CP of Azerbaijan, H.A.Aliyev put forward a number of specific tasks in the areas of strengthening state labor discipline, improving the moral and psychological climate in the country.
The national leader of the Azerbaijani people in a short time had significantly strengthened the country's governance system He embarked on a decisive, serious struggle against bribery and corruption. H.A.Aliyev for the first time in the history of the Soviet state boldly announced that "in the conditions of a socialist society there were such negative cases as abuse of power, corruption, and it was necessary to fight against these phenomena". Heydar Aliyev, with great foresight directed activities of all government bodies to realize the economic, socio-cultural progress in the country, and to implement the policy of national revival of the Azerbaijani people. H.A.Aliyev took the most active part in the political life of the vast Soviet Union: he was simultaneously the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CP of Azerbaijan, deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, deputy chairman of the upper chamber (Union Soviet) of the Soviet parliament, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR and member of the Presidium of the Azerbaijan Parliament [3]. The leadership of the USSR, the CPSU Central
Committee and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the initiative of H.A.Aliyev adopted five very important decisions related to the economic development of the Azerbaijan SSR. One of these decisions became the basis for great allocations from the Union Fund for the development of national economy in Azerbaijan SSR. As in all areas of public life, the policy of Heydar Aliyev created favorable conditions for the election of the most worthy and capable personnel to the legislative bodies of the republic. The activity of the legislative bodies of the country had significantly intensified, and had been created new commissions and favorable conditions for their activities. The study and propaganda of national and spiritual values, the expansion of investigations became significant events of the Heydar Aliyev era.
In the 1970s, on the initiative of Heydar Aliyev, the attention of party and state bodies, public organizations and intellectuals to strengthening the national personnel potential of the republic increased. Thousands of young Azerbaijanis were sent to study at the leading higher educational institutions and to scientific research institutions of the USSR. The leadership of the Azerbaijan SSR paid special attention to the training of national military personnel. In 1971, the republican secondary military boarding school was established. In the 1970s and 1980s, more than 2,000 Azerbaijani officers were trained in the military schools of the USSR on various military specialties and during the Garabagh war these officers took the most active part in military operations for the territorial integrity of the Republic of Azerbaijan [4].
As a result of the purposeful political activity of H.A.Aliyev, the process of national self-consciousness in Azerbaijan SSR significantly increased; favorable conditions for independent thinking and creative work were created for the intelligentsia of the country.
During the period under research, the leadership of the republic devoted much attention to the economic
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and cultural progress of Daghlig Garabagh (Nagorno-Garabagh). The country leadership adopted a number of special resolutions related to the development of the city of Shusha. Began the restoration of the historical monuments of the city; started the construction of new buildings in Shusha. In 1980-1981, a huge mausoleum was erected over the grave of the famous Azerbaijani poet and statesman Molla Panah Vagif. House-museums of prominent Azerbaijani composer, publicist, public figure Uzeyir Hajibeyov and world-famous Azerbaijani singer M.Mammadov (Bulbul) were opened in Shusha, and a monument was erected to the famous Azerbaijani poetess, benefactress Khurshud banu Natavan. There was erected a new large hotel, multi-storey residential buildings in Shusha. Shusha had already become resort city of all-Union significance. Due to the deep concern of the republic leadership, indicators on social and economic security of the population of Daghlig Garabagh were always higher than the republican figures. In 1973, an independent Pedagogical Institute - a branch of the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical Institute was opened in Khankendi. In 1979, the railway from Agdam to Daghlig Garabagh region of the republic was brought into service [5]. Thanks to the purposeful and far-sighted policy of Hey-dar Aliyev, party, Soviet, public organizations, bodies and institutions had created such an atmosphere in the Daghlig Garabagh region of the country in which Armenian separatists were afraid to act openly. In 1977, the Armenian separatists of Daghlig Garabagh once again raised the "Daghlig Garabagh" issue. However, the national leader H.A.Aliyev resolutely opposed the demands of the Armenian separatists, and they had to retreat.
Heydar Aliyev was well-informed about the insidious, annexationist intentions of Armenian nationalists. He attached great importance to the economic, social and cultural development of the republic's border regions, performed great attention and concern to these regions of the country. In the 1970s, the official circles of the Soviet state, incited by Armenian nationalists, raised the issue about the "absence of any prospect in Kelbajar district", "eviction of the population from this region and the division of territories, pastures of the Kelbajar district between the two neighboring republics". Since 1977, Heydar Aliyev promptly opposed this "initiative of Moscow". The leadership of the republic began to take measures to expand the implementation of the potential opportunities of the Kelbajar district. The economic life of the Kelbajar district significantly revived. The insidious intention of the imperial center, the Armenian nationalists was an ignominious failure [6]. Thanks to the versatile, titanic party-state activity of H.Aliyev the socio-political life of Azerbaijan SSR enriched greatly in 1970-1985. Activity of the republic citizens in party and state bodies, public organizations increased. The main attention of state bodies, republic soviets, trade unions, the Komsomol organization, intelligentsia, creative organizations was directed to the socio-economic and cultural progress of the republic and to the realization of a purposeful policy of national revival of the Azerbaijani people.
The rule over Azerbaijan of such a national leader like Heydar Aliyev - having innate abilities, far-sighted thinker, pragmatic statesman, infinitely loving his people - contributed to the revival in the socio-political, economic, cultural development of the entire republic, in particular the Garabagh region of the country.
The 1970-1985 years entered the history of the Azerbaijani people as the most significant period of the great revival in the economy of Azerbaijan SSR, including Daghlig Garabagh region of the republic. During this period, H.A.Aliyev's selfless, creative political activity led to a real change in the social and economic life of Garabagh region of the country. In the period under study, H.A.Aliyev boldly and accurately determined the most suitable, optimal strategic goals for the development of the republic's economy in this situation.
Beginning from the early 1970's the development of the productive forces in Garabagh region of Azerbaijan SSR, the more rational use of the potential opportunities of the region and the special development program meeting the requirements of modern progress created the basis for the necessary improvement of the economic structure. The republic's Garabagh region had great opportunities for the development of such industries as the construction materials industry and food industry. Therefore, in 1971-1985, more than 45% of the capital investments intended for the development of the region's whole industry were used for the development of its above-mentioned industrial sectors [7]. That is why during the period under investigation the industry of Garabagh region of the country was developing at a higher rate. There took place major changes in the structure of industry. For example, in 1960, the specific weight of the food industry complex in Garabagh region of the republic was 15%, and in 1985, this figure rose to 31%. The specific weight of the timber processing complex in 1960 was 4.1%, and in 1985 this figure increased to 8.7%. In the years 1960-1985, the production of construction materials increased from 2.7% to 3.2% [8].
In the years 1971-1985, in Garabagh region of the Azerbaijan SSR the energy industry developed rapidly. If in 1970, the capacity of power plants was 690 thousand kilowatt-hours, then in 1985, this figure increased to 1,150,000 kilowatt-hours. And electricity production in 1970 was 3.000 million kilowatt-hours; in 1985, this figure was already 5.000 million kilowatt-hours. Compared with previous years, in 1985, production of light industry goods increased in Garabagh region. During the 1970-1985, cotton fiber production increased to 42,000 tons, raw silk threads to 120 tons, wool thread to 2,000 tons, knitwear to 11 million pieces, carpets and carpet goods to 105,000 square meters [9].
In the years 1970-1985, the population of Garabagh region of Azerbaijan was also involved in the traditional industry - the food industry. The Garabagh region achieved high results in the field of food production. For instance, in 1985, 18,000 tons of meat, 7,000 tons of sausages, 52,000 tons of whole, high fat milk, 195 million pieces of various canned food, 24,000 tons of confectionery, 49 million pieces of 0.5 liter bottles with mineral water, 3 thousand tons ofother food products were produced in Garabagh region of the republic
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[10]. On the whole, in terms of production volume the food industry ranked first among the industries of the Garabagh region of the republic.
As a whole, in the achievement of positive results in socio-economic, cultural life of Azerbaijan's Garabagh region, an exceptional role was played by large-scale creative measures taken by the leadership of the republic in 1970-1985, the development of construction complexes meeting the requirements of the time. Only in the field of capital construction in 1985, the volume of work was 2.6 times more than in 1970. The volume of basic funds allocated in 1981-1985 was 20% more than in 1956-1970 [11].
Compared with 1970 year, the number of state construction and installation organizations and trusts had doubled since in 1985, in the Garabagh region. In 1970-1985, along with more effective use of management methods, relied upon the expansion of the material and technical base of agriculture, the system of developing the land fund in intensive ways was also strengthened in the Garabagh region. It was during this period that the development of agriculture was determined on the basis of intensification.
In the conditions of Garabagh, the agrotechnical service was of exceptional importance. To increase the level of this service, many collective farms were turned into state farms, thanks to these measures, significant results were achieved. There was a need for effective specialization and concentration of cattle breeding and farming in various natural and economic zones through the development of individual branches of agriculture in more favorable land and climate conditions for each sector and at a higher level. Just on the basis of the successes achieved in 1970-1985, first of all, steps were taken in the field of correct assessment of requirements and use of the basic conditions for its development.
Intensification and improvement of production on scientific bases played an important role in multiplying the successes in the agriculture of the Azerbaijan SSR and the Garabagh region of the republic in 1969-1982. Wide reforms in agriculture, the necessary renewal in this sector of the economy ensured its unprecedented development. In comparison with 1966-1970 the volume of the total average annual production of agriculture in the Garabagh region of the republic in 1981 -1985 had reached: on grain - from 180 thousand tons to 420 thousand tons; for raw cotton - from 90 thousand tons to 225 thousand tons; on tobacco - from 5 thousand tons to 15 thousand tons; on potatoes - from 30 thousand tons to 45 thousand tons; on vegetables - from 90 thousand tons to 180 thousand tons; on fruit and berries - from 321 thousand tons to 575 thousand tons; on grapes - from 60 thousand tons to 450 thousand tons. In the years 1970-1985, there had been major changes in the effective use of labor resources in Garabagh re-
gion [2, v.6]. The large-scale development of production in the region led to an increase in the number of workers in the national economy: in 1970-1985, the number of workers employed in the national economy of Garabagh region of the country increased from 305,000 to 585,000 men. In comparison with 19701985 the average monthly salary of workers and employees increased more than 1, 5 times and rose from 158 rubles to 234 rubles [2, v.7].
Thus, in the years 1970-1985 the economy of Garabagh region of Azerbaijan SSR experienced a special, qualitatively new, higher stage in its development. According to the main socio-economic indicators, the main development criteria, in a brief space of time the Garabagh region stood not only in the forefront, but even in some sectors of the economy it took the first place in the republic. As a result of intensive, full use of productive opportunities, natural resources, favorable natural and climatic conditions the region reached an unprecedented level of economic development. In the years 1070-1985 the Garabagh region of the republic entered a qualitatively new, period of change of its cultural development. Owing to the purposeful policy of Heydar Aliyev, favorable condition was created for the development of education, science, the press, literature and various arts in this region of the country.
Literatute:
1. Ulku irfan. Qizil ulduzdan hilala dogru: Heydar Oliyevin firtinali hayati. Baki, 1994, s.26.
2. Azarbaycan Respublikasi Siyasi Partiyalar va Ictimai Harakatlar Dovlat Arxivi (ARSP1HDA), f.1, s.412, i.43, v.5.
3. Народное хозяйство Азербайджанской ССР к 60-летию образования СССР. Юбилейный стат. сб. Баку, 1982, с.9-16.
4. Azarbaycan Respublikasi Milli Maclisinin Arxivi. "Sovetlarla ij jobasinin 1970-1980-ci illar"a dair statistik malumatlari, v.21-22.
5. Народное хозяйство Азербайджанской ССР в 1985 году. Стат. Ежегодник. Баку, 1986, с.140, 141, 19, 66.
6. Заседание Верховного Совета Азерб. ССР IV созыва, 9-ая сессия. Баку, 1986, с.63.
7. Azarbaycan Harakatlar Ittifaqlari Konfederasiyasinin Arxivi (AH1KA), f.1114, s.15, i. 1969, v.78.
8. Народное хозяйство Азербайджанской ССР к 70-летию Великого Октября. Баку, 1987, с.115.
9. Сельское хозяйство Азербайджанской ССР. Стат. сб. Баку, 1985, с.53; Азербайджан в цифрах в 1990 году, с.29-31.
10. Азербайджан в цифрах в 1986 году. Баку, 1987, с.77.
11. Mustaqil Azarbaycan 10 il. Statistika macmuasi. Baki, 2001, s.138, 141.
