CC BY
158
Дети, как и взрослые, все разные. К каждому нужно подобрать свой ключик. Способность ребенка удивляться и познавать, умение находить решение в нестандартных ситуациях — это нацеленность на открытие нового и способность к глубокому осознанию своего опыта (Э. Фромм).
Список литературы:
1. Пыжьянова Л. Как помочь ребенку в период адаптации/Дошкольное воспитание. - 2003 г.
2. Зимина И. К. Народная сказка в системе воспитания дошкольников.//До-школьное воспитание, № 5, 2005 г.
3. Фесюкова Л. Б. Воспитание сказкой. Харьков, 1996 г.
4. Стишенок И. В. Сказка в тренинге: коррекция, развитие, личностный рост. -СПб.: Речь, 2005.
Meyrim Anarbekovna Yerkinbekova, Kainar University, candidate of psychological Sciences,
the senior lecturer
Roza Sadukovna Kasumova, Almaty Technological University, candidate of pedagogical Sciences, the senior lecturer Mentay Dogdurbaevna Shagurbaeva, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, candidate of pedagogical Sciences, the senior lecturer Fauzya Toleushayhovna Sametova, Kainar University, candidate of philological Sciences,
the senior lecturer E-mail: mereika78@mail.ru
Study of the influence of different styles of music on young people’s mental states
Abstract: Currently one of the most important differentiating and integrating factors, young people are the musical preferences that affect the formation of associations of fans of those or other performers.
Among modern youth popular musical subcultures distinguish reivers, rockers; hip-hop-representatives of these subcultures would be considered in the work.
The relevance of studying the impact of different contemporary styles of music (electronic music, rock, RAP) on the mental state of the people, representatives of
youth music subcultures is that they are more common among young people aged 14 to 25 years. As you know, this is the age when personality is formed.
Often listening modern music styles, will definitely affect the personality of the young person. It is known that mental States, in turn, serve as “building material” for forming qualities.
Keywords: music, mind, music styles, personality.
I. Introduction
Mental States have relative stability; their dynamics are less evident than the dynamics of mental processes (cognitive, volitional, and emotional). The mental processes, States, and properties of the identity are closely intertwined. Mental states affect mental processes as background for their leakage. At the same time, they serve as “building material” for forming qualities, particularly characteristic. For example, the State of the concentration raises the processes of attention, perception, memory, thinking, will and human emotions. In turn, this condition has been repeating, can become the quality of personality-focusing.
Mental States are characterized by extreme diversity and polarity. Most concepts mean that each human mental state corresponds to the opposite condition [1, 45].
State of play a special role in the regulation of mental activity and of human life, in all its mental development.
For mental States are characterized by various functions. Almost all the authors call a critical regulatory function. The primary regulatory function of the State is to maintain harmonious relationships between the structures and actors personality and body. Under the “harmonious” relationship, we understand that maintains the health of the individual, his/her ability to appropriate for the current situation and activities to full personal development.
Along with regulatory, an important function of the State is the integration of individual mental States and formation of functional units (process-State-property), composed of hierarchically organized in one coherent set of mental processes and behavioral properties. This ensures individual acts of mental activity in the current time, the psychological “personality necessary for effectively functioning in various spheres of life [2, 11].
Difficulty of classification of mental States is that often they overlap or even coincide with each other so closely that they are difficult to “disengage”-for example, a State of tension often occurs against the backdrop of a State of fatigue, monotonies, aggression and a number of other States. However, there are many options for their classifications. Any sign of mental States can be used as a basis for the classification.
II. Features of contemporary youth music subcultures
Subculture-a set of defined values and world Outlook, orders a group of people United by specific interests that define their world view. Subculture-sovereign holistic
education, part of public culture. From the point of view of cultural studies, a subculture is bringing people together that are not contrary to traditional cultural values, but complement it. The subculture may be different from the language of the dominant culture, manner of conduct, clothing and so on the basis of the subculture can be a style of music, lifestyle, certain political views [3, 67].
The study will look at such popular musical subcultures, like reivers, rockers and hip hop.
Rock music. Rockers appeared as a subculture in the 1950s and early 1960s in the era of rock and roll clothes rocker-leather jacket, j eans, a well-worn gross big shoes, long hair combed back, sometimes tattoos. The j acket is usually adorned with icons and signs. The core element of the subculture of the rockers-motorcycle, also decorated with inscriptions, symbols and images. Motorcycle-a symbol of freedom, power and terror, the main source of strong sensations. An important place in the subculture rockers took rock music, listening to recordings is one of the main lessons of the rockers [4, 46].
Rock music as a musical style is distinctive or means of influence:
1. Hard rhythm;
2. Monotonous repetition;
3. Volume, over frequency;
4. Lighting effects [5, 45].
Rhythm is one of the strongest ways of influence on the human body. Simple but powerful rhythms are forcing people to feedback (movement in rhythm), from Ecstasy to hallucinations of tantrums until he lost consciousness.
In the cult ofVoodoo has a special rhythm, which, in a special sequence of musical rhythm and spells during the pagan rituals, human could enter in a trance or Ecstasy.
Perception of musical rhythm is associated with features of a hearing aid. The dominant rhythm first captures the motor Center of the brain, and then stimulates some hormonal functions of the endocrine system. But the big blow was aimed at those parts of the brain, which are closely linked with sexual functions. Reel Thunder used the bacchantes, to bring themselves up to frenzy, as well as using similar rhythms in some tribes have penalty [6, 112].
Equally strong impact is ability to analyze, sound judgment, logic. It turns out badly dulled edge, and sometimes even by. It is in this state of mental and moral confusion is given the green light to the most savage lusts. Break down the barriers of morality disappear automatic reflexes and natural defense mechanisms.
American psychologist and musicologist Janet Podell wrote: “the power of rock has always been based on the sexual energy to its rhythms. These feelings in children were frightened of their parents, who saw in Roque threat to their children and, of course, are right. Rock-n-roll and you can make the move to dance so that you will forget about everything” [4, 47].
Particular attention should be paid to the impact of the frequencies used in rock music, which have a particular impact on the brain. The rhythm becomes addictive properties when combined with over low (15-30 Hz.) and high (80.000 Hz.) frequencies.
If the rhythm of a multiple of one and a half strokes per second and is accompanied by strong pressure from ultralow frequencies, it can cause ecstasy. When the rhythm of equal two shocks per second at the same frequencies, he falls into a trance, dance like a narcotic. Pres the excess as the high and low frequencies to seriously injure the brain. At rock concerts often sound, sound shell shock Burns, hearing loss and memory [7, 36].
Monotonous repetition. Rock music can be described as monotonous, motor that kind of music, through which the audience can become passive state. Thanks to repeated listening is the ability to turn off more quickly and achieve a State of passivity. The defenseless audience absolutely has no idea what is happening deep invasion into consciousness and sub consciousness. Getting into the area of subconscious mind, these impulses are deciphered, are reconstructed to be passed through the memory of the conscious self, going through all the barriers associated with their moral experience. The end result of such invasion is suicide, collective violence, desire to inflict a bloody wound partner razor blade, etc.
The Volume. The human ear is tuned to perceive normal sound in the 55-60 decibels. Loud sound is 70 decibels. But turning all the thresholds of normal perception, strong on the intensity of sound is incredible auditory stress. The sound volume at the site where there is a wall with powerful speakers, used for rock concerts, reaches 120 DB. and in the middle of the site up to 140-160 DB. (120 dB. corresponds to the volume a roaring jet aircraft flying up in the immediate vicinity, and the average values of the player with headphones is 80-110 DB.).
During this audio stress, from the kidneys (adrenal glands) is a stress hormone-adrenaline. This process occurs in every stressful situation. But the impact of the stimulus does not cease overproduction of adrenaline going, which erases a part of UNESCO World Heritage sites in the brain. People just forget what it was, or that he studied, and mentally degenerates [6, 113]. Not so long ago, Swiss doctors have proved that after a rock concert people oriented and responds to a stimulus in 3,5 times worse than normal. When overproduction of adrenaline is a partial breakdown of adrenochrome. This is a new chemical compound, which in its effects on the human psyche is compared with the drug. Adrenochrome in itself weaker than synthetic drug, but their actions are similar. This hallucinogenic and psychedelic drugs. However, the emergence of the weaker blood adrenohroma acts as an irritant that causes the desire to take a stronger dose, as occurs immediately at the time of the concert [8].
Light effect. Not without pity and the technical equipment of the rock views, as light rays effect, cutting off the dark from time to time in different ways and have dif-
ferent configuration. Many consider them just the concert. In fact, the alternation of light and darkness, especially under the loud music leads to a significant weakening of the orientation, decreased reflex responsiveness. When a certain speed of flashes of light interact with alpha waves, which control the ability to focus. The growth rate there is a loss of control.
Flashes of light, following one after the other to the rhythm of music, stimulate mechanisms associated with hallucination, dizziness, and nausea.
So, the whole technical arsenal of rock is designed to play on the human body, on his psyche as a musical instrument. Music, among young people, as the atomic bomb as a disaster that came in our environment, has been able to totally change the individual characteristics of a person. It simultaneously affects the motor Center of the intellectual, emotional, and sexual activity. It is impossible for a long time to expose yourself to rock and not get a deep psychological and emotional trauma [9, 102].
What are the effects of music on behavior of listening?
Rock is loud, aggressive, captivating, and the rhythmic and energetic music. It is clear the desire of young people to listen to and love this music-it corresponds to the psycho-physiological and psychological features.
Rave culture. Youth subculture of the permanent participants of the raves are parties of electronic dance music. Source of life guidance reivers was the musical style, and more precisely-samples of lifestyle their idols, musicians. Reivers primarily take Jet model. According to this model, lifestyle reivers-night. Their appearance and behavior are promoting human waste from [10].
Appearance reivers are characterized by bright colors in clothing, plastic sunglasses, and short hair dyed, colored strands of long hair girls. Very popular piercing and the design was a symbol of “smiley” [11, 98].
Electronic music is the most developed and progressive direction to date.
More and more young people, including Russian, give preference to electronic music as the most progressive and modern. What attracts us to it? First, a virtually unlimited variety of sounds that you can create and use to create music. Secondly, unlimited opportunities to create rhythm patterns, broken or, on the contrary, slender and mathematically precise bits.
Thirdly, the possibility of high-quality audio processing, not to mention the use of all kinds of effects that electronic music is so varied and individual. Fourthly, the availability and comparative simplicity of software for the creation and processing of music. Well, and the least you can say about the outside of the preference is simply electronic music today is fashionable.
Electronic music is built on what sounds in addition to help with adrenaline, and impact directly on the nervous system, through the auditory channel. The impact of it the stronger it becomes, the greater the speed of the songs and sound frequency is closer to
the mark, which is a direct irritation. The frequency of heartbeat also varies from the volume and speed of the song. Previously electronic music was not so high speeds [12].
House, who invented decades ago and was considered at that time, know-how in the field of speed of sound, had a smooth barrel “at speeds of 100-120 BPM (beats per minute). Over time, speed became more and more, in 60-70-ies invented LSD, and electronic music has become synonymous with widespread drug abuse. Nobody at the time thought, not what makes people go to the dance floor. Now we can declare with confidence that the combination of certain sounds and build them into electronic music really brings info-mood. Music is dope. You can easily highlight positive and negative music like trance, very positive music that literally poured into the body and brings to the stars and above [11, 99].
Broken rhythms (Drum/n/Bass, Breaks, IDM), has “his" harmony, this music does not enter into trance (flowing) condition due to frequent and abrupt shifts of sounds that are literally tearing apart. Here is a speed which at sufficient sensitivity and slackness demonstrates the brain that he is not the master of his body. When immersed fully in the dance of the mind does not gives a report on what happens to the body that involuntarily throws out arms and legs under crazy rhythms. Is adjusting to the music.
Kinesthetic literally feels the pounding drums of body power and strength, softness and lightness, speed and space. Thus, we have a close rapport with music composition conveys the atmosphere of the perceived object.
Visual, in theory, should “see" the music. For example, let’s take the trance music. Get into the sound and feeling of escaping from reality, a distortion of reality. The process of “adjustment" under the rhythm accompanied by a feeling of freedom, a sense of infinity of space, at this point, Visual, see picture, synchronized with the audio. Rhythm that carries away into the distance, the dancing is a flying, bouncing, sliding, sound speed structure composition.
From here, you can make the logical conclusion: electronic music can capture your emotions and feelings. And can also serve as an excellent tool for mood swings.
Talking about the influence of electronic music on the consciousness and behavior (i. e. progressive styles and directions-Break Beat, House, D’n’ B, etc.), it should be noted that it directs and guides young people to the rhythm of life, where you want to live today, to achieve real goals and achieve success.
Hip-hop culture and its features. Hip hop is a cultural movement, the main aspects of which it milliseconds (those who read the RAP), DJ, urban arts (graffiti), break dancing and beat-boxing.
The poetry of RAP is based on rhythmic, sometimes content is pushed into the background. Most often the stories in urban style about the decline of the society or of the life of the young working class.
Trying to understand the reasons for the popularity of rap among youth not only to parents, teachers and peers, far from rap culture, but also psychologists, who seek to get to the bottom of any human passions.
Rap, who came to us from ancient times, has a much greater capacity than can be expected on a quick acquaintance with him. Rap’s popularity among young people due to the fact that it allows you to express the ineffable. Note that it is a way of expressing it is ideal for young people.
In this age period, which, by the way, is not limited to the precise age, and can last at least until old age, all the thoughts that come to mind of a young man, seem like it is incredibly important. And the inability to communicate his thoughts to others gives rise to a lot of psychological problems.
RAP is, in fact, the rhythmic speaking any thoughts, lightweight in-form rifmo and slightly dilute the special slang. First, the recitative to decompose any thoughts on the shelves. The view that rappers is not the most intelligent young people, completely denied by psychologists. To rap, and especially not a memorized, and improvise on the go, you need to have a fair level of intelligence.
It turns out that Rep is selected next to young people as a means of expressing their thoughts and communicate them to the wider masses. The benefits of RAP is very solid. This and getting rid of complexes, and help in the successful socialization and mental development.
Surprisingly, in some cases, young people just needed rap therapy. It is through a gradual occurrence in rap culture and attempts at rapping alone, some psychologists offer many youth-specific psychological problems.
III. Features of influence of music on the psyche
Any culture and our whole life is based on the sound. The sounds used for centuries for healing and transformation. From throaty conspiracies shamans’ antiquity to the sublime Gregorian chant in cathedrals, sound and music played an important role in human culture. She comforted in grief, helps you focus, strengthens memory, and facilitates language acquisition. The magic power of sounds can lead a person to despair, forcing a laugh or calm. But the music is a powerful therapeutic tool, a way to deeply affect the physical and mental condition of the person. Not hard to understand why more than half of humanity as a cure for stress is using the right music, today, psychologists explain why.
Study of the neurological effect of sound showed that the human brain reacts to clean sounds quite certain way. Positrons imaging, measures the level of absorption of glucose on cellular level, showed that pure sounds and music without words stimulate increased cellular activity in the right or “not dominant" hemisphere [13, 9].
Music enhances the metabolism in the body, enhances or reduces muscle energy, improves breathing and reduces its correctness, has a significant, but varying impact
on blood volume pulse and blood pressure, thus, provides the physical basis for the genesis of emotions “ [14, 201].
In N. Cherkas emphasizes that “not only music as such, but even simple individual musical tones are produced in the body by physiological changes dramatically.” The author cites data showing that depending on the intensity of the sound and its coloring varies the pressure of blood in the vessels.
In his book “brain, mind and behavior, the authors Bloom F., Lezerson A., Iofst-edter l. give crucial in shaping perceptions and reactions to the perception of music. In their view, the hypothalamus translates the nerve impulse being sent to the ear shells in emotional distress, which in turn passes the reliability of large hemispheres. Thus, the hypothalamus produces the emotional component of musical experiences.
In addition, the hypothalamus performs the role of regulator in biological rhythms, which is important to consider the impact of music and rhythms on the body of the listener. And what is interesting in the hypothalamus is known as the “pleasure Center” Numerous experiments proved the ability of the hypothalamus called the pleasure.
“Taking the music as a special kind ofjet lag, the hypothalamus holds in its memory the most correct combination of musical cycles. Information about what exactly the right formed throughout the person’s life, but her common elements are congenital. As already mentioned, these elements are desired synchronization and certain ratio sound periods “ [15, 236].
In his study on the perception of music V Marahasin and V Cehanovski just noticed the special influence of musical rhythm on the body. As a result of one of these scientists carried out an experiment it was found that the heart rhythm varies substantially depending on the nature of musical perception. “This change was that in each case the electrocardiogram test subject has captured some of the dominant frequency of cardiac activity, caused by playing music. The heart is a very sensitive indicator of the emotional state of the individual, as being under the constant supervision of the central nervous system; it essentially reflects the behavior of the processes occurring in the brain [14, 204].
Music affects person, his mental state. It is not homogeneous. It can be classified according to different bases. Hence the diversity of her influences. In turn, mental States from various music can significantly change how the emotional tone and downwards. The person experiences positive or negative emotions.
What is connection between music and human conditions? In order to facilitate the identification of options for links to music and mental States, let’s ask ourselves: and what is the music?
1. The impact of the music with the aim of improving human health. In this case we are talking about sick people under medical music therapy to improve their health, enhance vitality.
At present, there are various programs which clearly specifies what kind of music are used to treat any disease. This uses a passive listening. But in music therapy and methods of interaction with active forms of behavior patients. The effect of this interaction is much higher. For example, when patients sing or play a musical instrument, or when they are dancing to the music.
2. The impact of music for relaxation, meditation. Studies have shown that up to 20 % of young people use music to relax, calm down.
3. The impact of music in order to optimize the condition. In this case, it is not just about improving mood, but also lowered if there was overexcited. 12-17 % of young people use music for the optimization of their mental state.
4. Use of music to express emotions and feelings. 7-10 % for boys and girls (on different samples) have noted that they often want to relive, sad, sad or even cry.
5. Use of music in order to recharge your batteries. About 3-6 % of boys and girls prefer music to energize, increase their psycho emotional tone.
6. Use of music for fun. 2-8 % reported that they need music for fun, that is, to enhance, encourage positive status.
7. Music out of boredom. For some subjects (2-3 %) the music is as a remedy for boredom.
8. Music for mood. For 1-4 % of young people looking for mood music, the mood in any activity or perform any act, deed.
9. Music for dreams, memories. 1-3 % of young people use music to dream, to remind, that is, music helps to actualize the State having to dreams and memories.
In addition to the above links music and States are more complex relationship, discussed below.
10. Effect of music to self-knowledge. A special kind of condition when using music as a tool of therapy appears to know him/her. This person must be prepared in terms of therapy (for example, a music therapist).
11. Use ofmusic for his spiritual condition. This condition occurs in professional musicians who have mastered the art of improvisation. Improvising musician follows the guidelines in its internal logic. “I was all tense and without end check the ever-changing relationship between the already played and what not yet born,” says the musician. - I believe that putting this game his whole soul. And find out whether it all okay and consonant or have black dips and deep Hollows, giving my existence unnecessary pressure “ [16, 329-332].
Perception of music very individual. It varies depending on the environment, our mood, general psychological and physical condition. The music is divided into many styles with its originality. Consider how some of the musical styles on the human psyche.
1. Slow music in the Baroque (Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, and Corelli) gives a sense of stability, order, security and creates a spiritual stimulating environment that is suitable for classes or work.
2. Classical (Haydn and Mozart) is distinguished by clarity, elegance and transparency. It is capable of improving, memory and spatial perception.
3. The music of the French Impressionists (Debussy, Ravel and Favre) is based on the free-flowing musical moods and impressions. It was nice images as in dreams. A quarter of an hour sweet snooze under such music can awaken your creative impulses.
4. Jazz, blues, reggae and other music and dance forms that are based on distinctive African melodies, can lift your spirits and inspire, give out happiness, dispel sorrow, exacerbate the humor and irony, more communicative.
5. Rumba, Maranga, Macarena have vivid rhythms and impulsivity, which increases the heartbeat, makes breathing more frequent and severe, making the whole body move. Samba, however, is a rare property of Excite and soothing at the same time.
6. Pop music as well as folk melodies provoked movements, creates a sense of well-being.
7. Rock music can awaken the senses, stimulate, relieve stress, reduce pain and reduce the bad effect of loud and sudden noises present in the environment. This music also can create tension, cause dissonance, stress and pain in the body.
8. Quiet background music or modern orchestration, in which there is no clear rhythm, enhances the relaxed ready.
9. Religious and ceremonial music, including drums and of shamans, Church hymns, the temple music can soothe and bring into a State of tranquility. Watching for changes in the status of brain and behavior caused by the sound, speech and music, we can better understand the phenomena that occur with us.
Thus, the music has a strong impact on the psyche and sounding palette only updates the emotions, the feelings, and the human condition.
IV. The program of study
The problem with this study is inadequate knowledge of the contemporary music influence on young people. The clearest influences of rock, electronic music, rap on the most popular youth subcultures, such as hip hop, reivers, rockers.
The aim of this work is to determine the impact of the preferred style of music (rock, rap, electronic music) on young people’s mental health-reivers, rockers, and hip-hopers.
The object of the research is the mental States of representatives of youth subcul-tures-reivers, rockers, hip-hopers.
Subject of research: the influence of rock, rap, electronic music on young people’s mental States-reivers, rockers, hip-hopers.
The hypothesis of the study. The rap music and rave has a stimulating effect and calls a scenically mental States (activity, improving mood, emotional tone).
Rock music contributes to the emergence of asthenia States (fatigue, depression, decreased activity).
In order to achieve the objective and hypothesis testing studies to solve the following tasks:
1. To consider the basic approaches to the study of mental States. Give the psychological characterization of the studied music subcultures. Uncover the psychological characteristics of the influence of music on the human psyche.
2. Investigate the impact of the preferred style of music (rock, rap, electronic music) on the mental condition of the young people who are members of music subcul-tures-rockers, reivers, hip hop.
3. Based on the results of an empirical study using mathematical methods of processing to identify effects of different contemporary styles of music on young people’s mental States, keen on them.
V. Phases of the study
A stage of psychological research is a complex of procedures of the implementation stage of its goals and objectives.
In the first stage we have sampled. To achieve the goal it was important to develop a set of criteria for future respondents. First, we need to explore the adherents of certain youth subcultures (rave culture, rock culture, hip-hop culture). Secondly, the fascination with the studied subcultures must be at least 1 year. The third criterion was the frequency listening interesting styles of music (RAP, electronic music, rock).
It should be noted that half the subjects in this study is not important.
A questionnaire was developed (annex), which had led to the identification of young people are qualified according to the criteria.
In the end, was a group of young people aged 18-30 years old. The number of examinees-36 people. Sample 3 was formed on 12 people (representatives of interest subcultures). Most of the subjects were male (26 people), the remaining 10 people-girls. The social situations of the majority of the examinees are students (30 persons), while the rest work in different spheres.
The sample is representative, as it reflects an accurate model of the investigated range of subcultures.
To motivate people, each received their diagnosis.
In the second phase was defined research methods-experiment and psychological Diagnostics.
The experiment was that mental States have been measured, their quality characteristics to certain destinations and listening to music after listening.
The main goal of the experiment is to identify changes in the mental States of young people under the influence of rock, rap, and electronic music.
As a mathematical method was used Wilcoxon test t [41, 87]. This test allows you to not only focus changes, but their severity. With its help determine whether shift indicators in any one direction, more intense than in the other.
In the third phase identified the Toolkit. The Toolkit is a set of specially developed research instruments, test forms, fixation of results, etc., means of solving research tasks. As the tools were the reply forms examinees, pens, CDs with music.
VI. The procedure for conducting the study
Each sample of the test subjects were asked to populate the test forms. Then each sample test subjects were asked to listen to the music: rap-music-rappers, rockers-rock music, reivers-electronic music. Then it was again tested by the same methods.
After testing, the results were processed and analyzed.
VII. Research methodology
As investigation techniques were used.
1. Self-assessment of emotional States (A. Uessmann, D. Ricks) Purpose: Selfassessment of emotional States.
2. Methods of evaluating the mental activation, interest, emotional stress, tone and comfort (N. Kurgan).
The purpose of the methodology. Study on the general orientation of the mental state of the individual.
3. Scale-thermometer.
Objective methods to evaluate its State-scale health, activity, mood, desire to work, meeting the previous stage.
VIII. Results of the study
The experimental data indicate that listening to music of different styles affects the mental health of young people. In particular, the State has identified the presence and degree of feelings which were caused by certain styles of music.
It should be noted that the research paper as test subjects were representatives of musical subcultures, which was proposed by the music that is characteristic of their subculture: rappers rap-music, rockers-rock music, reivers-electro-music. That is, in this study the preference is a key factor, because it allows revealing the particular interests in any style of music and music subculture.
The study found that rap music has contributed to an increase in the mental activation (t = 2; p < 0,01), reduce mental stress (t = 11; p < 0,05) increase in activity (t = 16; p < 0,05) among young people-rappers.
Increase mental activation from rappers is connected with features of a subculture of anchors. Not by chance the music subculture priorities are break dancing as a form of plastic body and dance, extreme sports, street ball, i. e. active activities.
The rap music is always accompanied by active movements. 7 monitoring has shown that in the process of listening to music-they made motor movement (moving legs, hand movements, head).
Voltage reduction talks about relaxation, calmness, rappers, which is caused by listening to rap music.
Note that rap music for members of the subculture “anchors" is relaxing in nature. Indeed, this type of music can make voltage, because the music of RAP is a rhythmic recitative with clearly defined rhymes. Speech songs contribute to the splash of emotions, if we also include active motions, after some time comes.
The influence of rock-music person is often defined as a negative: it calls aggression, anger, depression, a State of trance, murder, etc. In this study it was found that under the influence of rock music is celebrated the following change experiences mental states: enhancing emotional tone (t = 12,5; p < 0,05) increase of voltage (t = 3,5; p < 0,01), anxiety (t = 6; p < 0,01), (t = 5; p < 0,01) and mood (t = 13; p < 0,05) in rockers.
Increase emotional tone, stress and anxiety associated with the inability ofyoung people to express their emotions outwardly. Rock music is extroverted character. The current rock concerts musicians and listeners are engaged in collective action. Students can express their feelings out, waving the hands, pounding beat of the feet or hands, singing along.
It was determined that listening to electro-music is emotional tone (t = 16,5; p < 0,05) and vigor (temp = 7; p < 0,05), (temp = 11; p < 0,05), and anxiety (temp = 11; p < 0,01), reivers. At the same time increasing voltage (t = 3,5; p < 0.01). After the diagnostics have the impression that this style of music has caused a sense of fatigue, decreased energy and activity. The fact is, in our view, features Electro-music is rhythmic foundations, the use of resonance-high frequency signals, energetic manner of performance, in which a effect increasing accelerating tempo.
Note the positive thing-reducing anxiety, despite its dynamism of this style of music helps relieve stress and relaxation to those it enjoys.
IX. Conclusions and proposals
The theoretical and empirical research and according to the objectives at the outset of work make the following conclusions.
1. Psychological science there is no generally accepted definition, structure and function, mechanism and determinants, classification and methods of research of mental States. So, found in literature define mental state (N. Levites, J. Sosnovikova, etc.) directly or indirectly underline the complexity, multiple components, many tier States rights as a mental phenomenon. It is these features of mental States, is exciting to some time, make them inaccessible object of scientific study.
Since there is some understanding of this phenomenon, there are many approaches to classification.
The literature describes possible effects of music on human mental States (on the psycho-physiological and psychological levels).
Is also the issue of the impact of music on children, adolescents. But the influence of the modern styles of music (RAP, electro, rock) is not sufficiently explored.
The importance of the study of this problem is that the majority of young people are passionate about any aspect of music. Passion music sometimes comes down to the
fact that there is a whole subculture, which certainly affects behavior, values, attitudes, personality traits of the younger generation.
2. To study the influence of the modern styles of music on young people was formed package psycho diagnostically techniques: self-assessment of emotional States, methods of evaluating the mental activation, interest, emotional tonus, tension and superior Scale-thermometer.
3. The study found that music rap contributed to an increase in the activity of rappers. Also, it was found that listening to rap was the reduction of stress in young people-rappers.
4. Listening to music rock has helped to raise the emotional tone, stress, anxiety in rockers. This fact suggests that listening to music the rock has had a stimulating effect on the rockers.
5. Electronic music also had its effects on young people’s emotional sphere-reivers, in particular: reduce the emotional tone. Reivers after listening to music were more tired, calm, but, despite this, there is an increase in internal pressure. Note that to listen to the music at the reivers high rates by State, “emotional tone”, “activity", “good spirits" After the experiment, these States have been low scores, indicating a reduction of the total energy from those who it likes.
References:
1. The method of self-assessment of emotional States (A. Uessman and J. Ricks)/So-nin V. Psycho diagnostically cognition of professional activity. - Spb.: Piter, 2004. -260 with.
2. The psychology of mood. -St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University, 1997. - 400 c.
3. Shabanov L. Socio-psychological characteristics of youth subcultures: social protest or forced marginalization. -Tomsk: Tomsk State University, 2005. - 399.
4. The Elite Steppe Russian rock//elements. - 1993. - № 3. - S. 45-49.
5. The Russian rock. - M.: VNESNSIGMA, 1991. - 150 s.
6. Zayarnaya O. Counterculture. - М.: alternative, 1993. - 245 s.
7. Zal'cinger H. Power rock, or how much musical revolution? - St. Petersburg: INTERLAST, 1993. - 144 p.
8. Sheverdyaev A. V., Alekseev I. S. Audiovisual aspects of rock music on the psychology of young people.//Electronic Appendix to the Yearbook of the Russian Psychological society, psychology and culture, proceedings of the III Congress of APD (25-28 June 2003).
9. Zayarnaya O. Metallers. - Yaroslavl: law books, 1989. - 280 s.
10. That now listens to young people?//http://www.joymusic.ru/node/
11. Shabanov L. V. youth subculture in Russia//Psychological Universum of Noetic person’s education: a collection of articles-Tomsk: “Aquarius”, 1999. - 320 s.
12. The Free Encyclopedia. Electronic music. www.vikipedya.
13. Davletsnina D. M. Musical culture as a factor of formation of spiritual values of students today: Synopsis of the DICs ...Cand. sociol. science. - Kazan, 1999. - 26 c.
14. Marahasin B., Ciechankovcki V. Experiments on the perception of music in terms of Physiology. - Moscow: Nauka, 1987. - 320 c.
15. Bloom F., Lezerson A., Iofstedter l. Brain, mind and behavior. - Moscow: Mir, 2006. - 400 c.
16. Suleimanov R. F. Music and mental states: influence, interaction or assis-tance//psychology of mental states: theory and practice//materials of the first all-Russian scientific-practical Conference. Kazan State University, 13-15 November 2008, part II. - Kazan: JSC “new knowledge”, 2008. - P. 329-332.
Mednikova Anna Igorevna, H. S. Skovoroda Kharkov National Pedagogical University, Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Acc. Prof., Practical Psychology Department
E-mail: yuriymuv@gmail.com
Defense mechanisms and personal self-regulation of the students wish deferent self-attitude traits
Abstract: The paper provides the empirical research data of defensiveness and supraliminal voluntary self-regulation interrelation voluntary of the students with different structural self-attitude traits. Specificity of the defense mechanisms, regulatory processes and regulatory-personal attributes of the 1st, 3rd and 5th year students with different structure of self-attitude have been defined.
Keywords: defense mechanisms, regulatory processes, regulatory-personal attributes, self-attitude, students.
Медникова Анна Игоревна, Харьковский национальный педагогический университет имени Г. С. Сковороды, канд. психол. наук, доцент, кафедра практической психологии
E-mail: yuriymuv@gmail.com
Защитные механизмы и личностная саморегуляция студентов с различными особенностями самоотношения
Аннотация: В статье приводятся данные эмпирического исследования взаимосвязи защитных механизмов личности и осознанной произвольной саморегуляции
