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REGIONAL AND TRANS REGIONAL ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS DEFINE THE SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY
Shafkarov B. X. Durmanov A. Sh. Kucharov G. O.
Tashkent institute of irrigation and melioration, Uzbekistan
ARTICLE INFO
Received 15 January 2016 Accepted 25 January 2016 Published 28 February 2016
ABSTRACT
The article deals with the priority of ecological problem to any other global problems and its solutions regardless of its coverage, two highlighted issues need deeper understanding
KEYWORDS
Cross-border character, ecological balance, and the future of the region, the issue of natural resources, environment and socioeconomic consequences, regional and trans-boundary environmental issues.
© 2016 The Authors.
Ecological problem of environment one of the global problems which makes the society worry about has already become an international object of international relations. It is mostly increasing among developing countries and prominent organizations.
Ecological problem because of its importance becoming dominant issue among other global problems. No matter the coverage of the ecological problem two main reasons should be taken into account.
Firstly, nowadays World Community understand that not only economical development cannot define the future of the country , it is only one branch of development. According to the conception "Increasing the Human value" which is defined as a main purpose by United Nations Organization human being should be on the center of development and their interests should be taken into account. This means the health, peaceful life and prosperous generation. As our president Islam Karimov said: We will build higher value of human interests, rights and freedom, which is essence of the community.
Secondly, any regional problem is not resolved in a timely manner, can become global. This also concerns the trans boundary and regional problems.
The environment of particular region is a unique organism. It should not be used as source of income by using geopolitical games as ruthless exploitation of other countries. This is a short-sighted policy. Implementation of projects which bring negative effects to all the countries which is situated in the same region, it brings more harm than good.
Such an approach is proper not only for Uzbekistan, but also for the international communities, regional and international organizations and also for progressive countries.
Today Uzbekistan demonstrated the effectiveness of comprehensive solution to the issue of development and also actively participating in implementation of UN conventions on the sphere of ecology. First of all, the rational use of natural resources and the protection of public health in accordance with international norms relating to the national legal framework has been created.
The Rio declaration of Uzbekistan, Kyoto Protocol, the Convention on climate change, the Montreal protocol, the UN Convention on combating see the menu Desertification, the Convention on
Biological diversity, Basel, Bonn, Ramsar conventions on environmental protection and many other headgear to fulfill its obligations to the international treaties coming on the rational use of natural resources, more than 30have been adopted more than 300 laws and other normative documents in the field of environmental protection and sustainable development in the country indicates the number of work carried out.
Uzbekistan is actively participating in the processes of regional cooperation in environmental protection of the Aral Sea problem in Central Asia. The nature protection programs and national actions are being implemented in Uzbekistan. Because of consistent measures in recent years, the production of harmful substances into atmosphere reduced twice and water pollution 2,2 times. Sharply reduced the use of pesticides in agriculture. The introduction of environmentally safe technologies in industry, cleaning equipment modernization is going on.
However, a number of serious cross-border environmental problems in the region has a negative impact on changing the situation completely.
The Tajikistan aluminum plant which had threaten the ecology of our country during the seventieth still having poisoning environment. In 2007 the plant started its job as a State Unitary Enterprise TALCO (Tajikistan Aluminum company) and inhabitants of the region had waited positive changes. But it was done only to improve the rank of the plant in the international arena. Presently used equipment of the plant has already outdated and old, these cause 22-23 thousand tons of pollutants into the atmosphere every year, including more than 200 tons of dangerous substances harmful for human health and the environment in which hydrogen fluoride. The vast majority of these harmful substances in the air flow around, including Denov, Sarosiyo and Uzun districts and bring a danger for the health of around 1 million people.
Today, as a result of the activities of TALCO in the northern districts of Surkhandarya region, the amount of hydrogen fluoride doze reached the highest concentration than average allowable 1.8 -2 times, even in the summer months exceed 3-4 times. The collapse of the economy in this region bringing a bad damage to agriculture. The pollution of atmosphere and water destroying the gardens, and caused sharply decrease crop yield. The concentration of fluoride is higher than allowed, for example: fruits and vegetables have 11-19 times more and wheat 5-6,5 times more.
The livestock has failed also. Results showed that fluoride exceeded in milk about 9-13 times, and in meat 10,9 percent. He conclusion of specialists showed that aluminum plant emissions caused increasing of various chronic diseases among women and children. According to information TALCO is planning to increase the production to 517 tons. It shows that plant emissions will increase to 35-40 percent and will more strongly damage ecology of the region.
The fact is about the fate rate of people. Women and children suffering from various diseases because of didn't changed the outdated equipment. The seminar "Tajiskistan Talco" state enterprise products, and the measures against ecology pollution and human health which held in Tashkent 20-21 August is once again proved above mentioned issue.
The conference has been ensured the welfare of the region as the most important factor in the development of the productivity forces and to apply the principles of the ecosystem. The trans boundary nature of these principles in any decision-making on countries and whole region should be taken into account.
Participants after official visit to Surkhandarya region Sarasiya district, Denov, Uzun and other regions came to counclusion that Tajikistan aluminum plant with its outdated equipment destroying the ecology of the region and causing various chronic illnesses.
Despite Uzbekistan's constant contacts with Tajikistan on above mentioned issue and despite the Declaration EPR and international obligations is (Rio de Janeiro, June 14, 1992) in the framework of bilateral agreements Tajikistan is not following it.
In 1991 Uzbekistan and Tajikistan adopted a joint meeting of the parliamentary groups the reduction of capacity of production of plant, and survive the people's health from ecologic pollution, but this agreement was not implemented.
TALCO emissions caused environmental situation were discussed in the meeting Belgian parliament, the deputies of the Latvian Parliament , the United Nations Organization in Europe and Asia expressed negative opinions, under the auspices of World Bank in 2012 Materials of the audits conducted in the completion of the main sources of production equipment Talco, which causing the ecological pollution.
Nevertheless, materials submitted by Tajikistan at a various levels, including the appeal of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan June 10, 2013. The board of directors of lower house of parliament denied the ecological circumstances of the region. However, experts noted the bad ecological situation of the region. For instance it was investigated that the old people and children were caused fluoride, investigations held in a measuring the distance of plant. According to the observations of 2001 from 46 percent to 16,1 percent changes were found out. In Tursunzoda region children who born with anomalies meet 3 times more than in other regions. It is not normal situation both for Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
Around the world annually 45 million tons of aluminum is produced for example in China 18 million, in Rossia 4 million. In Canada 3 million, In Australia 2 million, In the USA 2 millions. Only in Norway comparing to Tajikistan produces 3 times more aluminum. According to the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Tajikistan produced 290 thousand tons of aluminum this year.
According to the world trade price annual profit of Tajikistan aluminum plant profit consist 600 million US dollars. But the modern equipment cost much more cheaper than this sum. Here appears a question: does the profit costs more than a human life?
British magazine "Earth Times" mentioned that Talco is causing strong pollution of the area and it is surely should be closed.
As noted in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan and central Asian region as an international priority. The interests of the country and the countries of related. Uzbek and Tajik people are in mutual respect and trust ties for centuries. The head of Uzbekistan often claims that Tajik and Uzbek people are closely connected from roots.
At the end we hope that Tajikistan will do immediate measures in preventing the ecology pollution of the region.
