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PROBLEMS OF ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY IN THE OIL INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS
M.M. Malkuta, Student J.A. Loktionova, Student K.A. Maksakova, Student
Supervisor: M.G. Fedotova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Russia, Moscow)
DOLW.24412/2500-1000-2024-3-2-91-93
Abstract. Energy security is one of the components of the national security of the state, therefore, measures aimed at the development of this industry are necessary. The article substantiates the relevance of the study, taking into account the rapidly changing factors that affect national security. The main purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of the oil industry. As a result of the analysis of a number of indicators determining the dynamics and state of development of the oil industry, key problems were identified and appropriate measures aimed at development were proposed.
Keywords: national security, oil industry, exports, petroleum products, sanctions.
Energy security occupies a special place in the structure of the national security of the state. It implies a state of security of the country's economy and society, in which compliance with the requirements for fuel and energy supply to consumers provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation is ensured in order to reduce threats to national security in the energy sector. In turn, the threat to energy security is a combination of conditions and factors that create the possibility of damage to the energy sector of the Russia [4].
The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that under the conditions of sanctions restrictions, the oil industry is of the most im-
portant strategic importance, since it occupies a significant part of the federal budget. The purpose of the study is to identify key problems in the field of energy security and identify the main measures aimed at the sustainable development of the oil industry. As scientific methods of analysis, theoretical ones are used, such as generalization and problem statement and empirical ones, namely monitoring, studying and generalizing experience. To monitor the oil industry, indicators reflecting the dynamics of the development of this industry sector, as well as the structure of exports of petroleum products and crude oil in the overall structure of exports of goods, have been formed as statistical indicators.
600 550
500 450
545,5 555,7 560,8 524
2017
2018 2019
I Oil production with gas condensate
2020
2021
Fig. 1. Oil and gas condensate production in the Russian Federation in 2018-2022, million tons
[1]
During the analyzed time period, we can observe a positive trend in the growth of oil production with gas condensate, with the exception of 2020 and 2021. The reason for the drop was the spread of the COVID-19 virus
infection, quarantine and restrictive measures imposed that complicate production, and a significant decrease in demand for petroleum products had a significant impact, which affects the total amount of oil production.
- Экономические науки -
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
I Petroleum products BTotal exports of goods Total exports of goods
Fig. 2. The structure of exports of petroleum products and crude oil in the total structure of exports of goods in the Russian Federation in 2018-2022, thousand dollars [1]
Analyzing the dynamics of the export structure from 2018 to 2022, we see that the export of petroleum products and crude oil is directly dependent on total exports. So, after two years of growth in the supply of domestic products abroad, in 2019 we can observe a decline in the indicator. This result is explained by the slowdown in the global economy, the presence of trade wars; special attention should be paid to the decline in world energy prices, since they account for the largest share in the structure of total exports. It is also worth noting the incident related to the Druzhba pipeline, which also led to a decrease in demand for Russian products. The further decline in exports in 2020 was due to the coronavirus pandemic and related restrictive measures. Export growth in 2021 is determined by the revival of business activity, as well as the presence of inflation, reflecting its impact on the nominal indicator expressed in monetary units.
It is also worth paying attention to the structure of exports: sales of crude oil and petroleum products occupy the main share in the entire export structure. So in 2018 and 2019, the share in sales was 46.13% and 44.56%, respectively, but it is worth noting a positive downward trend in the share of oil products in the total export structure and by 2021 it already amounted to 36.64. It is worth noting that the sale of crude oil prevails over the sale of petroleum products, which require longer processing, and consequently a high price for sale, which would not be bad for replenishing the country's budget. This situation may indicate a high cost of refining, deterio-
ration of equipment at refineries, obsolescence of technologies and the unprofitability of creating petroleum products, as well as low investment funds.
As a result, the analysis of statistical data showed the presence of the following problems: a decrease in demand for petroleum products, high cost of refining domestic resources, low technology development in the oil refining industry. All these problems can lead to a decrease in the country's competitiveness and a slowdown in technological development in the oil industry. In order to ensure the energy security of our country, it is necessary to take a number of measures supporting this area. Domestic companies have managed to move sales markets, which will have a positive impact on the export of raw materials. There is an active activity to diversify the directions of oil and gas exports. South and Asian destinations are being actively explored. Thus, in 2022, in the port of Primorsk, traditionally focused on oil supplies to Europe, the share of oil supplies to India increased to 64%, while in November 2022 it was 50%. The share of oil supplies to Egypt has increased, as well as other eastern countries. However, the Russian Federation does not abandon the prospects of restoring the export flow to European countries, as stated by the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin in an interview with Tucker Carlson. Another direction for the sale of domestic oil may be to increase the share of processing of raw materials at domestic refineries. For example, Gazprom Neft, which owns the Omsk and Moscow refineries, increased
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refining by 3%, despite the decline in this indicator in the whole country caused by accidents and UAV attacks. The refinery's products will be relevant in the context of sanctions restrictions, in particular, such a refined product as gasoline, European manufacturers of which have left the Russian market, which indicates the prospects of this market niche. The low level of technology development in the oil refining industry is reflected in its unprecedented isolation from industrialized countries (the withdrawal of Western compa-
to Russia of equipment needed in the oil refining sector) [3].
Thus, the Russian Federation has the necessary potential to ensure the country's energy security. Despite the geopolitical confrontation, Russia continues to export oil and petroleum products, a positive trend towards expanding the sales market to the east and the possibility of domestic processing of raw materials at refineries has been revealed. Thus, the Russian Federation has the potential to fight for its energy security.
nies from Russian projects, the ban on exports
References
1. EMISS // Official Statistics. - URL: https://www.fedstat.ru/.
2. Solomonov A.P. «Assessment of the risks of the current global crisis in the oil refining industry» // Bulletin of the University. - 2023. - №2.
3. Pyhov P. A. «Russia's fuel and energy complex under sanctions restrictions» // Moscow Economic Journal. - 2022. - №12.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В НЕФТЯНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИОННЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ
М.М. Малькута, студент Ю.А. Локтионова, студент К.А. Максакова, студент
Научный руководитель: М.Г. Федотова, канд. экон. наук, доцент Российский экономический университет им. Г. В. Плеханова (Россия, г. Москва)
Аннотация. Энергетическая безопасность является одной из составляющих национальной безопасности государства, поэтому необходимы меры, направленные на развитие этой отрасли. В статье обосновывается актуальность исследования с учетом быстро меняющихся факторов, влияющих на национальную безопасность. Основная цель работы - комплексное исследование нефтяной отрасли. В результате анализа ряда показателей, определяющих динамику и состояние развития нефтяной отрасли, были выявлены ключевые проблемы и предложены соответствующие меры, направленные на развитие.
Ключевые слова: национальная безопасность, нефтяная промышленность, экспорт, нефтепродукты, санкции.
