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HORIZON 6 (i) 2017 : III. Discussions: J. Buzniak : 235-240
ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ • STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY • STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE • ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES
III. ДИСКУССИИ
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "PHENOMENOLOGY AND PRACTICE: THE 2ND CONFERENCE ON TRADITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL MOVEMENT IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE" (SEPTEMBER 8-10, 2016, GDANSK, POLAND)
JAKUB BUZNIAK
M.A. in Philosophy, PhD Student.
University of Gdansk, Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Journalism.
80-309 Gdansk, Poland.
E-mail: jakub.buzniak@gmail.com
The report presents an overview of the International Conference on "Phenomenology and Practice: The 2nd Conference on Traditions and Perspectives of the Phenomenological Movement In Central and Eastern Europe" that took place on September 8-10, 2016 at the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Journalism, University of Gdansk, Poland. The report characterizes the structure of the conference, presents the conference attendees and introduces the main ideas of key lectures given by the guests.
Key words: Phenomenological movement, phenomenology in Central and Eastern Europe, practice.
© JAKUB BUZNIAK, 2017 HORIZON 6 (1) 2017
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЯ И ПРАКТИКА: II-я КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ О ТРАДИЦИЯХ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ И ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЕВРОПЕ» (8-10 СЕНТЯБРЯ 2016 ГОДА, ГДАНЬСК, ПОЛЬША)
ЯКУБ БУЖНЯК
Магистр философии, аспирант.
Университет Гданьска, Институт философии, социологии и журналистики. 80-309 Гданьск, Польша. E-mail: jakub.buzniak@gmail.com
Сообщение представляет собой подробный обзор Международной конференции «Феноменология и практика: II-я конференция о традициях и перспективах феноменологического движения в Центральной и Восточной Европе», прошедшей 8-10 сентября 2016 года в Институте философии, социологии и журналистики Гданьского Университета (Польша). Обзор характеризует структуру конференции, представляет участников конференции, а также главные идеи пленарных докладов, прочитанных гостями конференции. Ключевые слова: Феноменологическое движение, феноменология Центральной и Восточной Европы, практика.
In September 8-10, 2016 University of Gdansk (Poland) organized the international conference entitled Phenomenology and Practice. The 2nd Conference on Traditions and Perspectives of the Phenomenological Movement in Central and Eastern Europe. The conference was organized by a committee, including Krystyna B^benek, Jakub Buzniak, Lukasz Depinski, Dobroslaw Mankowski, Witold Plotka (chair), Aleksandra Szulc, Martyna Zimmermann-Pepol (secretary) and Jagoda Zol^dzka, in cooperation with the Polish Association of Phenomenology. The conference was a continuation of a previous international conference on Horizons Beyond Borders which took place in Budapest (June 17-19, 2015). The Gdansk conference schedule encompassed 25 speakers from 11 countries (including Belgium, Finland, France, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, USA and Italy).
All of the conference attendees had the opportunity to participate in four keynote lectures. During the first day, two of the lectures were presented. The conference was opened with a keynote speech by Carlos Lobo (College International de Philosophie, France). The opening lecture was entitled Idealization of Practice and Idealization in Practice. Or how one can be an Idealist in Ethics without
being an Intellectualist. During his talk Lobo reconstructed Edmund Husserl's phenomenological analysis of practical philosophy. Husserl believed that each theory of practical philosophy must meet the following three primary conditions. Firstly, such theory must concern all aspects of a normative dimension of human life, including comprehending them from the perspective of the individual as well as from the one of the community. Secondly, the theory cannot include any characteristics of a naturalistic theory. And thirdly, it should point out the sources of normative and axiological diversity among societies. In order to justify his thesis, Husserl used the parallelization method. This method follows from the phenomenological method of eidetic variation and description after transcendental reduction. In Lobo's opinion, an important aspect of Husserl's thesis was that the axio-normative sphere is an ideal entity. However, Lobo claimed that idealisation (the thesis that the practical sphere is based on ideal entities) is ambiguous. Firstly, it means that all cognitive activities are based on discovering the ideas. Secondly, it means that these ideas can motivate a human being to do something, or to have different feelings.
The second key speaker — Dalius Jonkus (Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania) — presented a lecture on The Primacy of Intuition in Phenomenology: Critical Realism or Transcendental Idealism? His talk was focused on the phenomenological concept of intuition presented by Vasili Seseman. Jonkus acknowledged that the concept of intuition plays a crucial role in the phenomenological tradition. Husserl, for instance, believed that cognition begins and ends with intuition. He also believed that a possibility of intuitional knowledge indicates an important aspect of the human mind, namely openness of consciousness. Martin Heidegger, however, questioned the possibility of pure intuition. He believed that direct knowledge is mediated by language and thus, it requires interpretation. Alike Heidegger, Seseman questioned the concept of pure intuition. Jonkus, however, believes that Sesemman questioned the possibility of pure intuition, because he wanted to transform it and give it a new meaning that would be close to the concept of understanding comparable to the hermeneutic tradition (as inspired by Heidegger). In the end, Jonkus concluded that Seseman's understanding of intuition allows us to acknowledge phenomenology as a form of critical realism.
During the next day of the conference Natalia Artemenko (State University of St. Petersburg, Russia) presented a keynote lecture entitled Spet's Project of Hermeneutic Phenomenology. She began her talk with a presentation on the history of the phenomenological movement in Russia. She emphasized that Gustav Spet's work and his book Apperance and Sense (1914) played an important role in Eastern Europe.
In his work Spet presented the concept of constitution inspired by Husserl, however, he reinterpreted it. From Spet's perspective a constitution of human existence was directly connected with historical and ethno-cultural dimensions. Artemenko also pointed out that if one looks from a wider perspective, it is easier to see that the intellectual evolution of Spet and Heidegger is comparable. In the early stage of their philosophical developments they were both highly influenced by Husserl's ideas. They had noticed a need for a modification of the methods and intellectual tools used by Husserl, and they both had followed the same path in order to resolve issues related to phenomenology. Ever since, this method of interpretation is called hermeneutics.
During the last day of the conference, Michael Gubser (James Madison University, United States) presented the last keynote lecture entitled The Definitive No: Phenomenology and Czechoslovak Dissidence in the 1970s. Gubser examined the relations between phenomenology and Czechoslovak dissidence movements, particularly the Charter 77. Gubser noticed that this document was developed to fulfill a need to create a new ethical society which could be independent from both the western liberal trends, and communist ideology. This was inspired by Husserl's Crisis of the European Sciences where he had critically evaluated European culture. The creators of Charter 77 were deeply influenced by phenomenology. Their studies on this subject enabled them to understand a true nature of the communist system, as well as the spiritual condition of Europe in the XX century. In addition, it is worth mentioning that Jan Patocka was the first spokesman of Charter 77. Gubster claimed that as stated by participants of this initiative (i.e. Vaclav Havel), the language of phenomenology and the phenomenological atmosphere enabled Charter 77 signatories to express their hopes and fears.
In addition to the keynote lectures, papers (divided into seven different parallel sections) were presented at the conference. On the first day, conference speakers presented papers divided into three sections. Michal Zvarík (Trnava University, Slovakia) opened a presentation with the paper entitled Polemos and Meaning. On the Actuality of Patocka's Undestanding of Polis. After that, Peter McDowell (Charles Darwin University, Australia) gave a speech entitled Beyond Ressentiment: Lukdcs' Critique of Scheler's Phenomenology. The last paper of this section was Martyna Zimmerman-Pepol's (University of Gdansk, Poland) talk on Czeslaw Znamierowski's Social Ontology: On How to Put Phenomenology Into Practice.
Two other sections Phenomenology and Medicine, and Reinterpreting Phenomenology took place simultaneously. The first section was opened by Anna Alichniewicz (Medical University in Lódz, Poland) with a talk on Phenomenology of
Embodiment in Medicine. The second presentation in this section — Medical Ethics as "Ethics of Relations" — was presented by Katsiaryna Yancheuskaya (European Humanities University, Lithuania). Mara Grinfelde (University of Latvia & Riga Stradins University, Latvia) presented a talk on Phenomenology of Body and its Implications for Medical Practice. During the Reinterpreting Phenomenology section, the first talk was given by Andrei Patkul (St. Petersburg State University, Russia) on The Phenomenological Interpretation of Act in Alexei Chernyakov. The next speaker— Uldis Vëgners (University of Latvia & Riga Stradins University, Latvia) — gave a talk on The Practical Dimension of Time. After that Daniel Roland Sobota (Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland) presented a paper on Towards a Poor Phenomenology: J.Grotowski's Philosophy of Theater.
On the following day, the next two sections were organized — Action and Practice and Phenomenology and Its Other. In addition, a book session on the new (5 (1), 2016) issue of the Horizon Studies in Phenomenology was organized. The issue is dedicated to the tradition and perspectives of the phenomenological movement in Central and Eastern Europe.
The session on Action and Practice started with Simon Bertolini's (University of Parma, Italy) speech on Roman Ingarden: Phenomenology and Ontology of Practice. The next paper — From Praxis to Focal Practices: Karel Kosik's Heideggerian Marxism — was presented by Ivan Landa (Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic). Discussions on this section were finished with Michal Piekarski's (Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Poland) talk entitled Blindness to Normativity and Morphology. The case of Husserl and Wittgenstein. The next section — Phenomenology and Its Other — was opened by Cezary Wozniak (Jagiellonski University, Poland) with his lecture on Discovering the Plane of Immanence with Phenomenology followed by Georgy Chernavin's (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia) talk on The Entselbstverstandlichung: on the Phenomenological Practice of Self-Transformation. Magdalena Holy-tuczaj (Jagiellonian University, Poland) was the next speaker in this section, and she presented a lecture entitled Eco-phenomenology, Heidegger, and Postenvironmentalism. Discussions in this section ended with Petr Prasek's (Charles University & Université Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne, Czech Republic & France) speech entitled On the Possibility of a "Phenomenological Ethics" in Contemporary French Phenomenology.
The last day of the conference discussions focused on two sections Beyond Theory and Confrontations and Discussions. The opening lecture of the first one
was done by Marek Pokropski (Warsaw University, Poland) with his speech entitled Leopold Blaustein's Phenomenology. The next speech was given by Liisa Bourgeot (University of Helsinki, Finland); she presented a paper on Gustav Shpet's Phenomenology of Meaning (in the Context of Husserl's Revisions of Logical Investigations). Discussions on the Confrontations and Discussions section began with Wing-Keung CHIK's (Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium) lecture entitled Estrangement, Freedom and Life: The Estrangement of life and Freedom from the Phenomenological Perspective. After CHIK, Tomasz K^kol (University of Gdansk, Poland) presented a speech on On Empathy. E. Stein and R. Ingarden vs Cognitive Psychology. The last paper of the conference was given by Witold Plotka (University of Gdansk, Poland) who presented a talk on A "Practical Turn" of Phenomenology in Poland: Ingarden, Wojtyla, Tischner.
This year the Phenomenology and Practice conference was the second conference focused on exploring traditions and perspectives of the phenomenological movement in Central and Eastern Europe. The conference discussions, as well as examinations that were conducted by the participants have proven that phenomenology is still an interesting area of research. Presented papers did not focus merely on examining traditional problems and questions, but, more importantly, they aimed at questioning important conditions for postmodern culture. Postmodern culture itself involves human fascination with technical developments and the scientistic approach, but at the same time it still questions the existing norms and values which seem to be objective. In today's world of axiological confusion, a conference on practical aspects of life seems to be very important and valuable. In order to overcome this axiological confusion, it is important to return to the things themselves and their rigorous description. This, as one can expect, will allow the suspension of many, if not all, of the existing prejudices that are embedded in the modern minds of western people.
To conclude, it is worth noting that the next conference regarding the phenomenological tradition in Central and Eastern Europe is planned to take place in 2017 in Riga.
