CC BY
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Justyna Gorecka1, Oksana Bilyk2©
e-mail: justyna.gorecka@up.wroc.pl 1 Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science
Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management 37-41 Chelmonskiego Str, 51630 Wroclaw, Polska 2 National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z.
Gzhytskyj, Department of Milk and Milk Products Technology 50 Pekarsky Str, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
MARKET OF VENISON MEAT IN POLAND
Abctract
In the Polish Hunting Association (an organization of hunting) associated more than one hundred thousand hunters. Only in 2009/2010 was shot more than 41 thousand deers, more than 162 thousand roe deers and more than 196 thousand wild boars. By shooting such quantity the wildlife animals was generated approximately 12-14 thousand tons of venison meat. The market prices of game meat in Poland are on a relatively high level, which translates into a limited interest this product in retail. Average Polish consumes just 0.8 kilograms game meat per annum. Due to set up in 2009 the Consortium "Dziczyzna Polska" situation may changed. The aim of this Consortium is to increase the game meat consumption in Poland.
Key words: venison, game meat, game market in Poland, the Consortium "Dziczyzna Polska "
Introduction
Poland is an important producer of venison meat (meat of slaughtered wild animals and wild birds, which is authorized by the veterinary supervision) in Europe. Only in 2009/2010 was shot more than 41 thousand deers, more than 162 thousand roe deers and more than 196 thousand wild boars. Shooting such a big number of wildlife animals was generated approximately 12-14 thousand tons of venison meat. The economic importance has only a few wild species, such as wild boar, deer, roe deer and fallow deer. Meats from other species are eaten occasionally. Number of shot wild animals in Poland presented in tab. 1 [Polski Zwi^zek Lowiecki]. A systematic growth of the population wild boar and cloven-hoofed herbivores in the polish areas since the mid-90s of 20th century is observed. The increase of wild animals population will results in a greater quantity venison meat. It is expected that, for the meat market will be delivered more the meat from wild animals.
Currently, the game meat from Poland is supplied mainly to western markets. Exports account almost 98% polish production of game meat. Consumers of venison meat from Poland are Germany (the largest recipient), French and Italians [Dierzynsko-Cybulko and Fruzinski 1997, Gorecka and Szmanko 2010]. Representatives production plants of game meat and hunting communities are not
© Justyna Gorecka, Oksana Bilyk, 2012
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satisfied with this fact. A large proportion of them, believe that from Polish venison meat should enjoy mainly Polish consumers. About the restoration on the Polish tables and create a professional market of the game meat products in Poland is trying to the Consortium "Dziczyzna Polska". The Consorcium was created on the initiative of the Polish Hunting Association [Popczyk 2009, Rawa 2011, Polski Zwi^zek Lowiecki]. The demand for game meat in Poland is about 0.8 kg per person per year. This is far less than in Western Europe. Wild game is consumed mainly in the group of people connected with the hunting traditions. For the Consortium that it is important information that, the potential increase of demand for venison in Poland is very large [Ratajczak 2011].
Tab. 1.
Shot quantity the some wild animals in Poland [Polski Zwiqtzek Lowiecki].
Shot [heads] / Years
Game species 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10
Wild boars 113178 121015 104412 131544 202683 196627
Deer 31538 32434 31984 32671 37338 41070
Roe deer 137176 132926 123113 127428 144332 162054
Fallow deer 1976 2117 2333 2427 3052 2478
Total 283868 288492 261842 294070 387405 402229
The Consortium "Dziczyzna Polska" consists of five industrial works from Poland (Lenarcik, Stania, Gosciejowice, Kanwil D^bica and Barko) and the company rotating raw material (Lowex). Consortium plans are aimed at on developing its own network of venison collection centres' [Ratajczak 2011]. Since autumn 2009, the Consortium began placing on into the large retail chains the game meat products with logo "Dziczyzna Polska" (pic. 1). The Consortium in order to market develop and popularize consumption the meat game in Poland performs the following tasks: promotion of venison consumption and beautiful traditions, and also rich heritage of the Polish hunting, understanding and respect for the Polish hunters activities. Activities the Consortium "Dziczyzna Polska" is intended to ensure that, to the Polish home, the average inhabitant without any problems, at a reasonable price to could buy game meat and game meat products [Popczyk 2009].
The most important factor of weak demand for venison is the price the game meat and game meat products; it is significantly higher than pork price. As the meat market and the meat products in the premium category has been steadily growing, appears that, from this situation can benefit venison. In addition to high prices at retail, game market problems are: specification of veterinary inspection of meat, purchase of raw materials and the high cost of collection, processing, freezing and intermediaries. Price of 1 kg tenderloin of wild boar can cost about 120 zloty [Ratajczak 2011]. One reason the high price is fact that, the yield a wild boar is 40-45%, while the yield of pork is even 70%
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Pic. 1. Logo the Consortium „Dziczyzna Polska".
The demand for venison in Poland is at 0.8 kg per person per year. The growth potential is very large. The greatest potential lies in the sectors of HoReCa (hotels, restaurants, catering), which are ideal market for the game meat and game meat products [Ratajczak 2011]. You can assume the growing awareness and affluence society will result in, that will be more consumers who will be interested the origin organic food. These expectations can meet the meat of wild animals [Gorecka and Szmanko 2010].
Game meat by reason of specific biological and natural living conditions of wild animals is characterized by valuable nutritional composition [Aidoo and Haworth 1995, Drozd 1997, Marchiori and Felicio 2003, Szmanko et al. 2007, Zmijewski et al. 2007]. It is rich in protein, minerals and vitamins and it has attractive sensory characteristics and contains less fat [Gorecka nad Szmanko 2010]. The unquestionable advantage of the game meat is differences introduced by the herbs present in the diet [Zin et al. 2002]. Game meat is also unique because of its specific structure [Deutz et al. 2000, Korzeniowski and Zmijewski 2001, Gill and Gill 2005, Szmanko and Szczepanski 2007]. It color is darker than meat of slaughter animals and it is most often compared to the less tender [Zmijewski and Korzeniowski 2001]. Some of these meat characteristics may occur in unpredictable intensity, for example: high hardness, male's odor as well as excessive microbiological contamination [Deutz 2000, Gill et al. 2000, Pollard et al. 2002, Naya et al. 2003, Paulsen et al. 2003, Paulsen 2005, Garcia Ruiz et al. 2007, Ziembinska and Krasnowska 2007].
Venison products they sell are currently in large quantities in Poland includes the stews of wild boar, roe deer and red deer. Due to the price and processing capabilities for individual consumption and industrial production, the most valuable are legs and saddles [Rawa 2011]. Due to the amount of raw materials and price, in the Polish market, invariably popular is wild boar. Popularity the wild boar meat depends also on the fact that, wild boars can be hunted during whole year.
In the opinion producers the campaigns promoting consumption of meat from wild animals and Polish hunting traditions, are a major opportunity for significant development of the game meat in Poland. As part of these campaigns, the wild game production plants willing to co-organize the Spalski' Culinary Festival "Oswajamy Dziczyzn^". This festival takes place in October, as part of Poland's largest hunting and equestrian events, which is Hubertus Spalski [Polski Zwi^zek Lowiecki].
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Conclusions
The game meat market in Poland regenerates slowly, but consistently. Purpose created at the initiative of the Polish Hunting Association the Consortium "Dziczyzna Polska" is to make meat from wild animals, which shooting in Poland, to a greater extent than ever before was supplied into the Polish consumers. Time to go back to the traditional Polish cuisine, when the most valuable materials was game meat and game meat products.
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