CC BY
3ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
INTERNET
JALILOVA RAHIMA GURBAN GIRL
Under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Associate Professor of the Academy of Public Administration
Summary: Smart devices/terminals are objects and peripheral components connected through the infrastructure and link layer that enable data exchange between rural and urban operations center. Cars, traffic lights and cameras, water pumps, power grids, household appliances, street lights, and health monitors are examples of things that need to be smart to achieve sustainability, economic and social goals, and ensure significant progress. This is especially important in developing countries. One of the most important and challenging issues in IoT is security and privacy due to a number of threats, cyber-attacks, risks and vulnerabilities. Challenges to device-level privacy include insufficient authorization and authentication, secure software, firmware, web interface, and weak transport layer encryption. Security and privacy issues are very important parameters to develop trust in IoT Systems in various aspects.
Keywords: Internet, industrial components, adoption, economic importance, consumer products, quality goods
The Internet of Things or IoT is a new technology of technical, social and economic importance. Consumer products, quality goods, cars and trucks, industrial components and devices, sensors and other everyday objects are connected by internet connectivity and powerful data analysis capabilities that promise to change the way we live and work.
The Internet of Things is a system that manages interconnected computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, and objects provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transmit data over a network without requiring the use of human skill. The Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines IoT as "a global infrastructure for the information society that enables advanced services by connecting things (physical and virtual) based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies." as defined.
With the widespread adoption of IoT devices and technologies, a major change can be observed in our daily activities. For consumers, new IoT products such as Internet-connected devices, home automation components, and energy management devices provide us with a Smart Home system that provides greater security and energy efficiency.
The pervasive connectivity of devices allows them to share information and control over the Internet, either directly through their IP addresses, through a downstream Internet connection, or indirectly through other telecommunications protocols such as WiFi or Bluetooth.The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that is changing the traditional way of living into a high-tech way of life, enabling communication between electronic devices and sensors through the internet to make our lives easier. Smart city, smart home, pollution control, energy saving are some of such transformations made possible by IoT. Many important research works and studies have been done to improve the technology through IoT. However, there are still many changes and challenges that need to be addressed to achieve the IoT's full potential.
These changes and challenges include various aspects of IoT, such as applications, enabling technologies, social and environmental impacts, etc. should be considered. The main purpose of this review article is to provide a detailed discussion from both technological and social perspectives. The article discusses IoT, the importance of big data and its analysis related to IoT
As IoT evolves, it becomes an important aspect of our lives and is felt everywhere around us. Overall, IoT is an innovation that connects a wide range of smart systems, frameworks, devices and sensors. Moreover, it takes advantage of unimaginable advantages of quantum and nanotechnology in terms of storage, sensing and processing speed. It can be used as a preparatory work before developing new innovative business plans, taking into account security, certainty and interaction. The Internet of Things is applied in the sphere of healthcare. As this modern technology has become widespread amid the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, early data suggests an increase in digital health solutions related to COVID-19. There is a growing demand for specialized IoT health applications such as tele-health consultation, digital diagnostics, remote monitoring and robotic assistance. IoT Healthcare applications help people; reduces waiting time in the emergency room; patients, staff and inventory can be tracked; strengthening drug administration is increasing; availability of essential devices is ensured. IoT has also introduced several wearable devices that make life easier for patients and doctors.
It is also used to monitor critical health conditions in medical centers. Thus, it has changed the entire scenario of the medical field by facilitating it with high technology and smart devices. In addition, IoT developers and researchers are actively involved in improving the lifestyle of disabled and elderly people. IoT has shown a sharp performance in this field and has given a new direction to the normal life of such people. Since these devices and equipments are very affordable in terms of development cost and easily available in normal price range, most of the people use them and can lead a normal life thanks to IoT. Another important aspect of our life is transportation. IoT has brought some new advancements to make it more efficient, convenient and reliable. Smart sensors, drone devices now monitor traffic at various signalized intersections in major cities. Additionally, cars are being marketed with pre-installed sensor devices that can sense upcoming heavy traffic on the map and suggest you an alternative route with less traffic. Therefore, IoT has many things to serve in various aspects of life and technology. We can conclude that IoT has a wide scope both in terms of improving technology and facilitating human work. Next-generation sensor networks help implement more efficient traffic flows for all modes of transport, identify infrastructure gaps and help reduce CO2 emissions.
Currently, it is estimated that more than 50 percent of IoT activity is focused on manufacturing, transportation, smart cities, and consumer applications, but in the future, all industries will be able to benefit from IoT initiatives, highlighting new business models and workflow processes.
Smart devices/terminals are objects and peripheral components connected through the infrastructure and link layer that enable data exchange between rural and urban operations center. Cars, traffic lights and cameras, water pumps, power grids, household appliances, street lights, and health monitors are examples of things that need to be smart to achieve sustainability, economic and social goals, and ensure significant progress. This is especially important in developing countries. One of the most important and challenging issues in IoT is security and privacy due to a number of threats, cyber-attacks, risks and vulnerabilities. Challenges to device-level privacy include insufficient authorization and authentication, secure software, firmware, web interface, and weak transport layer encryption. Security and privacy issues are very important parameters to develop trust in IoT Systems in various aspects.
Security mechanisms must be installed at every layer of the IoT architecture to prevent security threats and attacks. To ensure security and privacy in IoT-based systems, several protocols are developed and effectively deployed at the level of each communication channel.
IoT transforms the traditional civil structure of society into a high-tech structure with the concept of smart city, smart home, smart vehicles and transportation. Various technologies are used such as cloud server technology, wireless sensor networks to be used in conjunction with IoT servers to provide an effective smart city. Another important issue is to think about the ecological aspect of a smart city.
IoT has several advantages in public administration. The Internet of Things has the power to potentially change the world by changing the way government runs the country. IoT can transform the way government collects data by introducing technologies such as mobility, automation and data analytics. Thus, IoT is a network of devices such as embedded sensors and various other devices capable of collecting and transmitting data over a network. State bodies analyze these data. Let's look at IoT applications in public administration. 1. City Management and Planning
- controlling a large city and monitoring its waste management can be tedious and time-consuming. IoT sensors can be placed all over the city so that it is more convenient to monitor the area through them. Thus, it is possible to obtain details and information about the collection of waste in a certain area by means of those sensors;
- similar sensors and applications to the population water system, food supply, social services, transport routes, zoning, mapping, etc. may assist in gathering information about;
- also IoT sensors collect data about citizens in the city and transmit that data to a predefined database.
2. Job opportunities
It is known that there will be more job opportunities in the IT sector as the application field of IoT expands. IoT also creates job opportunities in other sectors such as manufacturing, transportation and logistics. With the help of IoT, government agencies can predict the future of a particular sector and create better job opportunities for the youth of tomorrow.
3. Defense of national borders
The installation and application of IoT across national borders can prevent human trafficking, illegal migration, terrorism, etc. helps to minimize such crimes. IoT sensors and camera surveillance scan the border and deliver real-time data. Drones with cameras help the state remotely monitor the border line. Devices such as sensors, cameras, data processing tools, transmission modes are widely used to secure borders in countries such as France, North Africa and Spain. Overall, IoT helps improve border security and national crime prevention. 4. Smart City
IoT has the ability to manage, monitor and control an entire city. This alone explains the power IoT has and how much it affects human life. Smart cities have technologies like connected public transportation, traffic monitoring and control, water level and flood monitoring, weather monitoring, 24/7 video surveillance, connected street lights and more. Big companies like Cisco, Schneider Electric, Siemens, Microsoft, Huawei are using this technology to create smart, sustainable, tourist-friendly and safe cities.
5. Faster response during emergencies
By placing environmental sensors in various parts of the city, the state can respond quickly in case of fire, flood and other emergencies. Sensors store information about constant physical changes in the environment. This information is sent through a wide network to state-run servers with the help of gateways. Also, if the criminal is on the run, the police can track the car through IoT applications more easily. 6. Water Management System
IoT helps to identify risks in water facilities and water management system. IoT uses sensors and actuators that provide real-time analysis of water bodies in a residential area, city or town. This helps government agencies to plan water supply more efficiently and easily. They can detect problems in the system, then repair and update them more quickly to reduce damage.
IoT prevents the risks of sewage overflows by monitoring water bodies and their supply chain and notifies authorities if there is a disruption in the water flow path. IoT helps save energy, manage water bodies and optimize wastewater treatment plants.
7. E-government services
- IoT helps citizens manage services and plans offered by the government.
- identity card, citizenship documents, property and registration documents, etc. Online applications are applicable for bidding.
- IoT helps both citizens and government by saving time and money in most cases. IoT-based services like My Gov are one of the best examples.
8. Healthcare
Apps like virtual healthcare, smart healthcare facilities help connect thousands of patients with remote doctors. Thus, IoT applications send alerts to doctors if a patient's health deteriorates. IoT sensors monitor the critical health status of patients and send continuous reports to doctors and then advise on precautionary measures.
9. Education
A good education system is a symbol of good governance. By applying IoT to education systems, the government is bridging the gap between students and education. IoT-based applications such as virtual learning, smart boards, smart classrooms help connect students who cannot travel long distances to school. Teachers can track student performance, manage attendance, correct answer sheets, etc. through IoT systems. can easily be controlled.
As a result, problems are solved by using IoT in improving the economy and management systems, including in healthcare, and analyzing data. The processed data is stored in the cloud for future retrieval.
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