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INTEGRAL-EXPERT APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF INFOCOMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF INFORMATION SOCIETY
The development of info-communications covers all aspects of human activity and global development, creates new opportunities in the production and consumption of goods and services and influences the economic growth, social development, international division of labor and other aspects of the development of world civilization. The existence of a global information society is impossible without advanced infocommu-nicative infrastructure.
Analysis of the enlarged system of international indicators of development and the shift of the countries to the information society points to three main issues in the evaluation of these processes: the development and progress of info-communication infrastructure, the intensity of the use of communication networks and ICT and readiness for the information society. The next step in the development of the movement indicators towards the information society is to measure the degree of use of ICT in the system of production, management, education and society, as well as the degree of the impact of ICT and the Internet on the formation of social identity in society. On the one hand, ICT start structural changes in most sectors and have a synergistic effect due to the additional initiated innovations, on the other hand, information processes in manufacturing and society have not only positive but also negative effects, which include information offense, privacy virtualization, the loss of human health and a harmonious personality. Therefore, It is important to lead a comprehensive evaluation of the development of info-communications in view of the positive and negative effects in the economic and social spheres on the basis of integrally-expert approach. Complex measurement of development of infocommunications should be conducted in conjunction with the formation of the information society on the basis of an integrated system of indicators reflecting the positive and negative effects of the economic and social aspects that are measured by quantitative and qualitative methods. This methodological approach is based on expert assessments and integrated methods of constructing integrated indicators.
Tatiana Yu. Salyutina,
Doctor of Economic Sciences, professor, the head of the Chair of Communication Economics, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russia, salutina@list.ru
Alexander D. Kuzovkov,
postgraduate of the Chair of Communication Economics, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russia, alexkuzovkov@mail.ru
bywords: information society, infocommunicative technology (ICT), the impact of the use of ICT, social and economic effects, integral index, expert method.
Для цитирования:
Салютина Т.Ю., Кузовков А.Д. Интегрально-экспертный подход к оценке развития инфокоммуникаций и формирования информационного общества // Т-Сотт: Телекоммуникации и транспорт. 2016. Том 10. №11. С. 68-71.
For citation:
Salyutina T.Yu., Kuzovkov A.D. Integral-expert approach to the assessment of infocommunication development and formation of information society. T-Comm. 2016. Vol. 10. No.11, pp. 68-71.
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Under present conditions of socio-economic development of the world's information and information society building processes are the most important areas of economic growth of countries and harmonization of social relations. The process of informatization is a dynamic and structurally growing process occurring in all sectors of the economy and affecting the management system of production and consumption of goods and services, as well as social life [2, 4]. Occurring fundamentally new phenomenon in the national and global economies, regarding processes of information, info-communicative infrastructure and the introduction oflCT in various areas of socio-economic activities, require the development of appropriate methodological and statistical tools.
Measurement of scales, directions and intensity of information society and the use of ICT becomes recently crucial for detection of motion strategy for the information society, monitoring of global development and the "digital gap" between countries and regions. The specific feature of statistical observation, assessment and analysis of the status and development of informatization all over the world is the lack of statistical reporting on most indicators.
The transition to an information society based on the rapid development of info-communications gives rise to the complex problem of mult ¡parametric estimation and forecasting not only the development of info-communicative infrastructure in conjunction with the global economy, but also the prediction of the consequences of the use of ICT and the Internet in economic and social life of the whole society (Fig. 1)
Characteristic features ofthe information society
Formation united infDcommunication sp ace of Ru s s ia es par t o ; [h e glo b al information ' pace Russia's full participation in the processes of information and economic inteaation of resions, countries and peopie:
The es teblishment and do minan« in the economy ofne"¿ technological structures, based on the mas s use of advanced information technologies, computer hardware and telecommunications
Creation and development of information and kno'.vledee market as ■ factor in addition to the markets of natural re sources, Lab o r and capital, satisfaction ofthe actual need s of society in the information pro duct s and services
The increas ing role of information and communication infrastructure in the s ystem of s octal productio n
Increase of the level o t education. scientific and cultural d evelopment by exp wding the possibilities for information exchange systems at the international, national and regional Wets
Creation of an effective system to ensure the rights of citizens and social institutions to free access, dissemination and use of information as an essential condition for democratic development
Fig. I. The characteristic features of the information society in the beginning of the XXI century
Disclosed in Fig. 1, the characteristic features of the Information Society show that the most important indicators of change in
the image of human life and society are: developed in info-communicative environment, the use of ICT in ali spheres of social life and activity, strengthening of human potential based on informatization of education system and skills development.
Further implementation of the goal of improving the quality of life of citizens through the use of ICTs has resulted in the adoption in 2008 of the Strategy for Information Society Development of the Russian Federation "Information Society (20112020)" in 2014, the state program [2], in which the creation of an information society is seen as platform to meet the challenges of a higher level - the modernization of the economy and social relations, providing the constitutional rights for citizens and to release resources for personal development. The program of creation of an information society program presupposes a solution to the six main objectives, as reflected in the subprograms (Fig. 2).
The quality of life of the citizens and business
conditions in the information society
T
Electronic government The Russian market
and government effectiveness
of information and telecommunication technologies
The main directions of fulfillment of Russian state program on the creation of information society
Hie hasic infrastructure of the information society
Safety in the information society
Digital content and cultural heritage
Fig. 2, The objectives of the slate program of the Russian Federation "Information Society (2011-20201"
In the context of the rapid development of scientific and technical progress in the field of info-communications, deepening the convergence process with respect to technology, services, networks and business of various sectors of the economy, increasing the activity of the user's position in the susceptibility of new services and technologies comes new large-scale display of quality parameters of the ICT efficiency. At the high importance of economic evaluation of the effectiveness of ICT implementation is not less valuable is the social effect [2, 3, 4, 51-
We carried out the systématisation of the factors affecting the economic and social efficiency of development of info-communications, the use of ICT and formation of the information society, presented in Fig. 3, it indicates the presence and the need to modernize the system of measurement of efficiency of these processes in the direction of accounting, both positive and negative effects.
The proposed approach to the integrated assessment of the development of info-communications in connection with the formation of an information society is based on a broad understanding of the effectiveness of a process, "leading to some results" [1, 3]. Increases the efficiency of the system as a result of any action of technical, organizational and economic nature is expressed in the whole set of indicators of improvement of the quality of goods, services, working conditions; technical, organizational, intellectual level of work and production; changes in the quality of the productive forces, competitiveness, etc., which
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do nol have cost meters. Efficiency is characterized by a multiplicity of manifestations of the results, both positive and negative.
Fig. 3. A sei of factors of development of info-Communications and the formation of information society
A comprehensive system of assessing the effectiveness of the development of info-communications and formation of the information society has a hierarchical system and includes two blocks of integrated assessments, reflecting the positive and negative effects of the use of 1CT and informatisai on processes (¡-'iii. 4). Integral effective and cost efficiency indicators of development of info-communications and information society are based on a system of private and generalising indicators of economic and social efficiency.
In developing a comprehensive system of assessing the effectiveness of the development of info-communications and the information society it is important to choose private key indicators of efficiency, on the one hand, reflecting the socio-economic consequences of informatization, on the other hand - the degree of coverage of economic activities, social groups and areas of consumption of the info-communicative technologies and services.
Formation of the model of integral evaluation of the effectiveness of the development of info-communications and the information society, taking into account the set of influencing factors, synergetic efleet and the negative effects of informatization based 011 scientific approaches to the formation of integrated indicators, selection of the most adequate to the task methods and the development of methodological tools for provision of expert evaluation of the effectiveness of the development of info-communications and the development of the information society [2, 3, 5].
The use of expert-qualimetric approach, methods of calculation of complex parameters and technology expert survey of the effectiveness of development of info-communications and the information society with the assessment of the significance of general indicators and the expediency of the introduction of a
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model of private indicators, taking into account the positive and negative effects of the consequences of informatization and use of ICT provide a basis for the formation of the model of integral index of the info-communication development effectiveness and the information society in the form of the relative efficiency ratio as the ratio of the integral effective and input indicators, weighted by the weight of the economic and social components of efficiency [ I, 6].
Fig. 4. Complex evaluation system of efficiency development of info-communications and the formation of information society
Integral and summarizing resultative and costly efficiency indicators, in turn, may be calculated based 011 the results of the expert evaluation of particular indicators based on the arithmetic mean (simple and weighted) in absolute terms (in points) or calculated indicators in relative terms, the method of the normalized deviations or normalized values . To confirm the validity of a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the results of info-communications and the information society can make a comparison with the results of a comprehensive assessment of the positive and negative effect on the distance method.
The model of integral index of efficiency of development of info-comniunications and the formation of information society on the basis of points in absolute terms is as follows:
P int._ P 0 tir.ek * ^r.ek + P oii.r so: s * ^ts Ptntjatr PoLrz.ek x "a.iJi + Pob.zsots * "asoti
P^YPixài*
1=1
where Kl1j- development IK.iiO efficiency ratio (relative units); Pmuea Pbitjatr ~ productive and cost effectiveness integrated indicators of the development of IKilO; - generalizing productive and cost indicators of economic efficiency; P0b.rjom Pob.z.sots - generalizing productive and cost indicators of social efficiency; Pl- i-ty private figure in the context of general indicators; dj - i-th value of the private exponent; m - number of ;'-tyh particular indicators; P, - j-ty private
Y
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figure in the context of research clusters; dj — value of the /-research cluster; m - number y-th clusters (types of economic activities - industries, social groups, areas of ICT services consumption).
Methodological ground of the unit complex estimation of efficiency of development of info-communications and the information society consists of four major procedures:
- ground for private development of info-communicative indicators and the formation of information society, reflecting the most significant economic and social indicators of positive and negative effects of informatization;
- construction of models of integral index, based on general indicators, reflecting the positive and negative effects of information in quantitative terms;
- identification of appropriate to cach of the partial indicators of measurement scales for getting by experts unambiguous conclusion about the effectiveness of the development of info-communications and the information society;
- the importance of the establishment of (weight) of private economic and social indicators reflecting the positive and negative effects of information based on the clustering of spheres of economic activity, social groups and areas of consumption information and communication technologies and services;
- building the models of prediction and evaluation of capacity of development of info-communications and formation of the information society.
Thus, the methodological basis of the procedure of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the development of
info-communications and the formation of information society requires not only the support of efficiency indicators that reflect economic and social outcomes and impacts of ICT implementation, methods of processing and presentation of results of expert evaluation, but also the formation of an expert group, development of profile polls, their contents, selection criteria, assessment scales.
References
1. Adjemov Buydinov E. V.. Kuzovkov D. V. The use of expert qualitative method to justify the selection of effective innovations in satellite communication / Telecommunication, 2015. No. 1. Pp. 27-30.
2. The state program "Information society (2011-2020)", approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 1 5 April 2014. No. 313 (previous edition approved 20.10.2010, No. 1815-p)
3. Measuring the information society (summary in Russian). International Telecommunication Union, Plase des Nations. CH-1211. Geneva, Switzerland. 2013. 30 p.
4. Kuzovkova T.A., Volodina E.E.. Kukharenko E.G. The Economics of the telecommunications industry. Textbook for high schools. Moscow, Hot line - Telecom. 2014. 190 p.
5. Salutina T.Y.. Kuzovkov A.D. International and Russian approaches to formation of indicators of information society development, MAI proceedings of the conference "Telecommunication and computing systems". Moscow, lnformpress-94. 2015. Pp. 205-206.
6. Litvak B. Expert technologies in management: the manual. Moscow. Delo. 2004. 400 p.
ИНТЕГРАЛЬНО-ЭКСПЕРТНЫИ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНФОКОММУНИКАЦИИ И ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА
Салютина Татьяна Юрьевна, д.э.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой экономики связи Московского технического университета
связи и информатики, Москва, Россия, salutina@list.ru Кузовков Александр Дмитриевич, аспирант кафедры экономики связи Московского технического университета связи
и информатики, Москва, Россия, alexkuzovkov@mail.ru
Аннотация. Развитие инфокоммуникаций затрагивает все аспекты человеческой деятельности и мирового развития, создает новые возможности в производстве и потреблении товаров и услуг и оказывает влияние на экономический рост, социальное развитие, международное разделение труда и другие аспекты развития мировой цивилизации. Существование мирового информационного общества невозможно без развитой инфокоммуникационной инфраструктуры. Анализ укрупненной системы международных показателей развития и продвижения стран к информационному обществу указывает на три главных акцента в оценке данных процессов: развитие и прогрессивность инфокоммуникационной инфраструктуры, интенсивность использования сетей связи и ИКТ и готовность к информационному обществу. Дальнейший шаг в развитии показателей движения к информационному обществу состоит в измерении степени использования ИКТ в системе производства, управления, образования и социума, а также степени влияния ИКТ и Интернет на формирование социальной личности в обществе. С одной стороны, ИКТ запускают структурные преобразования в большинстве секторов экономики и имеют синергетический эффект вследствие дополнительных инициированных нововведений, с другой стороны, процессы информатизации в производстве и социуме имеют не только положительные, но и отрицательные эффекты, к которым относятся информационные преступления, виртуализации личной жизни человека, потеря здоровья и гармоничности личности. Поэтому необходима комплексная оценка эффективности развития инфокоммуникаций с учетом положительных и отрицательных последствий в экономической и социальной сферах на основе интегрально-экспертного подхода. Комплексное измерение развития инфокоммуникаций должно проводиться во взаимосвязи с формированием информационного общества на основе интегральной системы показателей, отражающих положительные и отрицательные эффекты в экономическом и социальном аспектах, оцениваемые количественными и качественными методами. Данный методический подход базируется на экспертных оценках и интегральных методах построения комплексных показателей.
Ключевые слова: информационное общество, инфокоммуникационные технологии, последствия применения ИКТ, социальный и экономический эффекты, интегральный показатель, экспертный метод.
Литература
1. Аджемов А.С., Буйдинов Е.В., Кузовков Д.В. Применение экспертно-квалиметрического метода для обоснования выбора эффективных инноваций в спутниковой связи // Электросвязь, 2015, № 1. С. 27-30.
2. Государственная программа "Информационное общество (2011-2020 годы)", утвержденная распоряжением Правительства Российской Федерации от 15 апреля 2014 года № 313 (предыдущая редакция утверждена 20.10.2010 г. № 1815-р).
3. Измерение информационного общества (резюме на русск. яз.). International Telecommunication Union. Plase des Nations. CH-1211. Geneva, Switzerland, 2013. 30 с.
4. Кузовкова Т.А., Володина Е.Е., Кухаренко Е.Г. Экономика отрасли инфокоммуникаций. Учебное пособие для вузов. М.: Горячая линия - Телеком, 2014. 190 с.
5. Салютина Т.Ю., Кузовков А.Д. Международные и российские подходы к формированию показателей развития информационного общества / Труды конференции МАИ "Телекоммуникационные и вычислительные системы". М.: Информпресс-94, 2015. С. 205-206.
6. Литвак Б.Г. Экспертные технологии в управлении: Учебное пособие. М.: Дело, 2004. 400 с.
