CC BY
253
JELM410
UDC 657 (075.8)
G. Golubnicha, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, T. Melnik, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv
FINANCIAL REPORTING AND SOURCE DOCUMENTS OF UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES WHEN APPLYING THE IFRS
The theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of changes in financial reporting and source documents specific to Ukrainian enterprises in the new conditions resulting from the application of International Financial Reporting Standards have been analyzed. Also, a conceptual approach of defining the patterns of changes in financial reporting and elements of accounting method has been proposed. The issue of internal quality control of analytical accounting information at various stages of its formation has been researched.
Keywords: financial reporting, source documents, inventory-taking, accounting and analytical information, International Financial Reporting Standards.
Introduction
The Ukraine's joining the global processes of formation and development of globalized business requires the development of appropriate mechanisms to ensure its economic, social, organizational, informational, human, educational, environmental and other needs. The formation of qualitatively new financial reporting of Ukrainian enterprises as a result of implementation of international standards is a complex process of reforming the provision of analytical accounting information to functioning business on the basis of renewal of its limited resources. International experience shows that the practice of forming and disclosing of analytical accounting information and appropriate organization of accounting process has already been regulated by specific methods based on macroeconomic concepts that have general scientific nature. The main provisions of these financial reporting conceptions are deeply intertwined with the emerging conceptions of corporate governance, creating conditions for further development of the accounting and financial reporting theory. The formation of such specific areas as the theory of financial reporting, the history of financial reporting, financial reporting quality control systems in the international scientific community of financial and accounting sciences can serve as an example.
The research of the formation and disclosure of analytical accounting information regarding the basic elements of financial reporting of Ukrainian enterprises does not go beyond the accounting and its theory. The consideration of the subject and the accounting method as well as its specific elements by Ukrainian scientists is still not sufficiently connected with macroeconomic concepts of development of transnational and national systems of financial reporting and local accounting information systems. The processes of standardization and harmonization of financial reporting are studied within the accounting system [1] and the methodological aspects of financial reporting - within the accounting theory [2, 3]. Meanwhile, gradually a change takes place in the understanding of the nature and importance of financial reporting and source documents, as well as a search for new ways of reforming the national accounting and financial reporting system in accordance with international standards at both the methodology level, and the level of organization.
The main emphasis of this study is placed on the analysis of special features of financial reporting, source documents and internal quality control system of analytical accounting information, including the inventory as one of its most important elements, that are characteristic of reproduction and analytical accounting information systems at micro and macro levels.
The aim of the article is to develop the theoretical principles of quality assurance of analytical accounting information of Ukrainian enterprises at various stages of its
formation: within the source documents system, within the financial reporting system, within the system of internal controls and strengthening of disclosure of analytical accounting information contained in source documents and financial statements at micro and macro levels (transnational, international, national and local) in the context of implementation of international standards.
1 Methodological problems of the intended surveys
Since the nineties of the last century the national practice of providing analytical accounting information support for business has been guided by the following initial methodological principles [4]. Firstly, it is a combination of macroeconomic concepts underlying the formation of the information in financial reporting: the concepts of capital in the financial and physical form, the concepts of preserving the capital and forming financial results; a concept of probability of occurrence of economic benefits and related risks to the enterprise; and a concept of assessing the value of basic elements of financial reporting, etc. It should also be noted that in implementing the IFRS a necessity arises to develop new concepts of formation and disclosure of financial information in financial reporting by transnational globalized business management institutions. Thus, the vertical framework of information support for functioning business gets complicated due to disclosure and use of the information contained in financial reporting: transnational macroeconomic concepts (and corresponding groups of interests and needs) - international macroeconomic concepts (and also corresponding groups of interests and needs) - national macroeconomic concepts (and also corresponding groups of interests and needs). The experience of implementing the IFRS in different countries shows that, firstly, the changes are possible in priorities of interests and needs and respective changes in the vertical of their subordination. Secondly, it is necessary to adhere to the general principles of organizing the processes of formation and disclosure of analytical accounting information (accruals, continuity and subordination to the existing local accounting system of the enterprise). Thirdly, there are common features of analytical accounting and financial information regarding the basic elements of financial reporting, such as historicity, qualitative and quantitative limitations. The listed methodological principles are applied to develop specific methods of forming the information in financial reporting of enterprises in order to achieve such basic qualitative characteristics as being understandable for users, appropriateness (essentiality), trustworthiness (true representation, prevalence of essence over the form, neutrality, circumspection) and comparability.
Clear organization of the process of forming the analytical accounting information at the stages of identification, measuring, recording, gathering and generalization [5] is ensured by adherence to the principle of subordination
© Golubnicha G., Melnik Т., 2013
(interdependence). Applying this principle makes it possible to take into account the limits and the structure of specific local accounting systems, which directly affects the scope and quality of the information itself.
Macroeconomic concepts of formation and disclosure of information gradually become a meaningful component of modern methods of accounting process at the enterprise, its organization and management, under the influence of the processes of standardization of accounting and financial reporting systems. The consistency of financial reporting preparation processes under international standards and the functioning of local accounting systems at the enterprise have already been recognized to be appropriate: they should be organized according to the principles and rules of international standards. The transformation of financial reporting of Ukrainian enterprises into financial statements prepared in accordance with international standards, as practice showed at the beginning of the XXI century, was effective just for a short time, it was complicated,
it required significant costs, and its perspective was questioned. Therefore, the transformation did not prove to be a mass versatile tool for forming financial information under international standards. Undoubtedly, the IFRS introduction is a combination of extremely complex processes that occur in business, government regulation, personnel training, activity of professional organizations, as well as in economic science. Hence, further development of improved forms of financial reporting requires scientific tools that would be based on the methodological principles of both the accounting theory and the theory of financial reporting.
Providing analytical accounting information support to the functioning and reproduction of business activity belongs to factors that promote the inflow of foreign investments into the country's economy. The data in Table 1 show a gradual growth in foreign direct investments in Ukraine's economy during 2002-2012. Even the global financial crisis of 20082009 did not cause a decrease in their volumes.
Table 1. Direct foreign investments in the Ukraine's economy over a period from 2002 to 2012
Ser No. Year Amounts (mln USD) Absolute Growth of Investment Volumes (mln USD) Relative Growth of Investment Volumes (% )
1 2002 5339.00 -
2 2003 6128.10 789.10 14.78
3 2004 7596.70 1468.60 23.97
4 2005 10941.60 3344.90 44.03
5 2006 19220.30 8278.70 75.66
6 2007 25737.90 6517.60 33.91
7 2008 35672.90 9935.00 38.60
8 2009 38277.70 2604.80 7.30
9 2010 41907.40 3629.70 9.48
10 2011 47659.10 5751.70 13.73
11 2012 51964.70 4305.60 9.03
Source: Bloomberg Terminal - Access mode:knu.bloomberg@gmail.com [6]
According to Table 1, the largest absolute growth of investments took place in 2008, which in relative indexes corresponded to 38.6%. The growth of foreign investments continued in the crisis year of 2009 (7.3%) and in the aftermath of the global economic crisis - respectively by 9.48%, 13.73% and 9.03%. Comparing the dynamics of foreign investments in 2002-2012 with the process of reforming the national system of accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine, we can state that during these years positive evolutionary changes in accounting and analytical accounting information environment of functioning businesses also took place. The state regulation of processes aimed at improving the national system of accounting and financial reporting in accordance with international requirements, and at ensuring the quality and continuous coverage of investors' needs has acquired a strategic na-
ture. Such measures include, for example, the adoption in late October 2007 of the Strategy of Application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Ukraine, the purpose of which was to promote improvements in the investment climate in Ukraine [7], and further extension of its use up to 2012 [8], as potential investors had to apply great efforts to disclose analytical accounting information contained in the financial statements of Ukrainian enterprises compiled according to the national standards.
For comparison, an example of the Russian Federation can be cited, which also belongs to the countries that allow the IFRS application. Meanwhile, significant attention to the issue of accelerating the IFRS introduction in the country has been paid only in recent years. The data in Table 2 indicate that, despite the volumes, increasing foreign investments in the country is not observed.
Table 2. Direct Foreign Investments in the economy of the Russian Federation over a period from 2000 to 2011
SerNo. Year Amounts Absolute Changes of Investment
(mln USD) Volumes (mln USD)
1 2000 2714.20 -
2 2001 2748.30 34.10
3 2002 3461.10 712.80
4 2003 7958.10 4497.00
5 2004 15444.40 7486.30
6 2005 12885.80 - 2558.60
7 2006 29701.40 16815.60
8 2007 55073.20 25371.80
9 2008 75002.40 19929.20
10 2009 36499.60 - 38502.80
11 2010 43287.70 6788.10
12 2011 52878.50 9590.80
Source: Bloomberg Terminal - Access mode:knu.bloomberg@gmail.com [6]
Thus, further search for new ways of conformity of the national accounting and financial reporting system with the requirements of international standards both from the perspective of theory and from the perspective of practical organization remains topical for many countries, including Ukraine.
2 Regularity of changes in financial reporting of Ukrainian enterprises
2.1 Ensuring a balance between information needs of the Ukrainian economy strategic management in high quality analytical accounting information and IAS and IFRS regarding the contents of information in financial reporting, which is continuous and systematic. Achieving this balance corresponds to the evolutionary direction of reforming the national system of accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine.
In the special foreign economic literature constant scientific debates take place on further development of financial reporting and improvement of standards. The classification of factors that require specific changes in financial reporting according to certain criteria is important to define the areas of financial reporting development. Using such criteria as changes in the distribution of work or further development of socialization of labor, it is possible to identify two main areas of financial reporting development: an evolutionary and a radical one - revolutionary.
The evolutionary one is associated with changes in the distribution of social labor and gradual structural changes in the national goods, resource, and financial markets. Accordingly, a need arises for certain changes in the composition of analytical accounting information associated with new accounting objects, their groups and classes, meeting in this way the growing information needs of the national economy and public administration.
The development of socialization of labor, the emerging new organizational models of economic activity, business and capital, and the gradual seizure of dominant positions by them in a corresponding sector of the economy requires profound changes in financial reporting.
2.2 Ensuring consistency in financial reporting between the content and the amount of financial information - analytical accounting information - tax accounting information. The mechanism of achieving this consistency may be the division of the information contained in financial reporting in the accounting one (analytical accounting and tax accounting), which is variable and additional, by its nature, and financial one (permanent, basic or primary, for example, according to the concept of "the basic elements of financial reporting"). Since 2013, the forms of financial statements of Ukrainian enterprises have become considerably closer to those that meet international requirements concerning the inclusion of mandatory items in the financial statements. [9].
2.3 Providing the interconnection of the quality of analytical accounting information in financial reporting with source documents. The information does not exist in itself, its collection, registration, gathering and processing takes place within a certain system that includes the availability of three components - a source of information, the consumers of information and the broadcasting environment. The source of information is source documents, the consumers of information are external and internal users, and the transmission environment is financial reporting. In this respect, it is the accounting that provides the necessary information for the implementation of all management controls. The external regulation of the enterprises' accounting, expressed in the regulation of the procedure for documenting business transactions, accounting methods in respective areas, procedures for the reporting preparation and filing, taking inventory of assets, capital, liabilities and
documents etc, aims to provide the methodological unity of the enterprises' accounting as a whole, and therefore, the comparability of accounting and reporting information at micro and macro levels.
At the macro level, the regulation of primary accounting is implemented in the form of codes (Article 44, Item 44.1 of the Tax Code of Ukraine), laws of Ukraine ("On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine", Article 9 "Source accounting documents and accounting registers", Article 10 "Taking inventory of assets and liabilities"; the Law of Ukraine "On electronic documents and electronic documents' circulation"), regulations (Regulations on the records' documentary support in the accounting, procedures, instructions, rules, etc.).
At the micro level, the regulation of the primary accounting is carried out by the enterprise itself, guided by external regulators, by creating organizational and administrative documents, personnel documents, general administration documents, development and accounting policies approval documents and documents' circulation schedules.
If the enterprise's management decides to prepare financial reporting according the IFRS, then it is necessary to start with the preparation of the order (regulations) on the new accounting policy. The accounting policy should be developed so that all the financial statements meet all the requirements of each IFRS / IAS used, and the provisions of the Standing Committee for Interpretation of Financial Reporting. The deviation from the standard's requirements is acceptable only on extremely rare occasions, when it is necessary to ensure the trustworthiness of financial reporting.
When organizing the accounting, the order on the accounting policy should:
- Indicate the department that is entrusted to carry out accounting and prepare financial statements, and describe the organizational structure of the department;
- Show the stages of document circulation and the accounting documentation processing technology, also determine which documents regulate the circulation of source documents at the enterprise, describing the procedure for creating them, checking, the procedure and terms for transferring them to the Accounting Department to reflect the transactions in the accounting and to the archive. It is imperative that a reservation is made to specify, which transactions are processed with typical forms of source documents, and which are developed independently;
- Fix the procedure and terms for taking inventory of assets and liabilities of the enterprise.
The IFRS special feature consists in that they often offer two approaches to represent the same transactions. In this case, one approach is basic, and the other - an alternative solution. The company has the right to choose a primary or alternative approach, which is determined by its accounting policy. At that, one approach is basic, and the other one is an alternative solution. The enterprise has the right to choose a basic or an alternative approach, which is determined by its accounting policy.
In most countries, a combination of procedures that make the accounting cycle is the same. These include such issues as documenting transactions, collecting and processing documents, grouping methods, sequence of entries in the registers of synthetic and analytical accounting, procedures for filling in the general ledger and reporting.
According to national accounting standards, as distinct from the IFRS, the transaction cannot be reflected in the accounting without properly executed source document. The definition of the source document in legislation in given in Fig. 1.
Fig.1. Comparative characteristic of the definition of the source document
Source documents should be necessarily reviewed by employees who maintain accounting records, in both substance and form, i.e. checking the availability of required details in the document and compliance of the transaction with current legislation, and logical linking of individual characteristics.
Source Documents, including those on paper and electronic media, for them to become effective must have the following required details: name of the document (form); date and place of execution; name of the enterprise, on which behalf the document is made; the description and scope of the transaction, transaction unit of measurement; positions of the persons responsible for carrying out the transaction and correctness of its documentation; signature or other data enabling to identify the person who has taken part in carrying out the transaction. Depending on the nature of transaction and data processing technology, the source documents can include additional details: State Register identification code of the enterprise or institution, document number, grounds for transaction, data about the document that identifies the recipient, etc.
Along with the source documents in hard copy, electronic documents have the right to exist.
The electronic document is a document in which the information is recorded in the form of electronic data, including the required details of the document [11]. Using electronic documents in civil relations is carried out in accordance with general requirements for performing legal actions established by civil law. Today, electronic document circulation and digital signature have become widespread in the area of banking and commercial transactions of e-commerce, and business entities are able to submit their financial statements electronically. The requirements for the execution and processing of source documents (in hard copy and in electronic form) are the same for all economic entities [5].
Failure by the taxpayer to comply with the requirements established in the legislation for source documents and other documents relating to the calculation and payment of taxes and duties that are maintained electronically, and are required for their recognition by the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Revenues and Duties of Ukraine are the grounds for non-recognition of their supporting documents by such bodies [18].
The documents are made in the Ukrainian language. Along with the Ukrainian language another language can be used according to the provisions of Article 11 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Languages in the Ukrainian SSR" dated October 28, 1989, No. 8312-XI. The documents in a foreign language, which are a basis for making accounting records, should be accompanied with an authentic translation into the Ukrainian language [13].
Employees of enterprises create and submit source documents that belong to the area of responsibility according to the document circulation schedule. The circulation of
documents is a movement of documents at the enterprise from the time of their creation or receipt to completion of their execution or dispatch [3, p. 90]. The document circulation schedule can be made in the form of a scheme or a list of work to be done to create, check and process documents, carried out by each division of the enterprise, as well as by each performer, showing their relationship and work completion time. It should ensure an optimal number of divisions and performers, through which a specific source document passes, to determine a minimum period of its stay at the divisions, and improve the accounting work, strengthening control functions of the accounting and increasing its level of mechanization.
2.4 Providing the interconnection of the analytical accounting information quality in financial reporting by its systematization and generalization in accounting registers. All source documentation confirming certain business transactions must be printed out, grouped according to certain features and timely reflected in the accounting registers.
Accounting registers are special format media (paper, machine) in the form of information, orders, books, logs, data sheets, etc. designed for chronological, systematic or combined accumulation, grouping and summarizing of information from the source documents that have been accepted for accounting [16]. Records of business transactions in accounting registers are called accounting registration.
The interconnection and verification of the accounting documentation can be represented by the following scheme: balance sheet and financial (accounting) statements - General Ledger - consolidated accounting registers - synthetic and analytical accounting registers - consolidated documents (reports of materially-responsible persons, bank statements, source documents' logs) - source documents.
The forms of accounting registers, the order of making entries in them, processing and using necessary information are determined by the corresponding normative documents on the procedure for using them as under:
- Instruction on the forms of memorial slips of budgetary institutions and the procedure for drawing them up: Order of the State Treasury of Ukraine dated July 27, 2000, No. 68, with amendments and additions;
- Methodological recommendations on applying accounting registers: Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine dated December 29, 2000, No. 356 with amendments and additions;
- On approving Methodological Recommendations on applying accounting registers by small enterprises: Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine dated June 25, 2003, No. 422, with amendments and additions;
- Methodological Recommendations on applying accounting registers by small enterprises: Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine dated June 15, 2011, No. 720 -for those who submit a Simplified Financial Statement.
2.5 Ensuring storage, withdrawal and utilization of source documents and accounting registers as a necessary tool for controlling the quality of analytical accounting information in financial reporting of an enterprise. In the course of time a need may arise to verify the correctness of accounting, the legality of transactions, providing the necessary documents to tax, financial, auditing, forensic and investigation authorities to justify the evidence, etc.
According to law, source documents must be stored over a certain period of time and then destroyed or transferred to the archive. In the first place, it is foreseen by the List of standard documents that are created during the activities of the state administration and local governments, other institutions, enterprises and organizations, indicating the duration of document storage, approved by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine dated April 12, 2012, No. 578/5 (hereinafter referred to as the "List No. 578/5"). The calculation of the duration of document storage in compliance with the List No. 578/5 is carried out from January 1st of the year following the year of completion of document circulation. According to Item 44.1 of Tax Code of Ukraine, for tax purposes taxpayers must keep records of income, expenditures and other indicators related to the definition of the object of taxation and/or tax obligations, based on source documents, accounting registers, financial statements and other documents relating to the calculation and payment of taxes and duties, which are to be maintained according to law. Failure of the taxpayer to store source documents and other accounting registers, financial and statistical statements, and other documents related to the calculation and payment of taxes and duties during the period of storage as stipulated by Article 44 of the Tax Code of Ukraine, and/or failure of the taxpayer to provide source documents or their copies to controlling authorities during the tax inspection in cases as specified in this Code, shall be punishable by a fine of 510 UAH. The same actions committed by the taxpayer, to which a penalty was used during the year for the same infringement will be punishable by a fine of 1020 UAH [10].
Completed accounting documents are stored in the archive. The archives depending on the size and nature of the material stored in them are divided into central or general, and local (current). The central archive stores files of completed fiscal years (previous years). Local archives store files of completed transactions in the current reporting period (current year). The subjects of electronic document circulation shall store electronic documents on electronic media in a form that allows checking its integrity of these media. The duration of storage of electronic documents on electronic media should not be less than the period established by law for corresponding documents in hard copies [15].
Source Documents (in hard copies and in electronic form) are formed in files in accordance with the approved file nomenclature of the enterprise. The main factors for making a file are the storage period and the subjects of information contained in the documents.
Enterprises can destroy documents, storage period of which has expired, in coordination with the state archive institutions (List No. 578/5). To select the documents to be destroyed, a special commission of experts (hereinafter referred to as "CE") is established and approved by the head of the enterprise, consisting of the heads of the document management division and archive unit of the enterprise, employees of the respective state archive institution. The Commission conducts a preliminary examination of the documents importance, selects documents for destruction, about which a corresponding Report is made (List No. 578/5). The sequence of document destruction is as follows: a commission is established to examine the importance of documents and the organization of its activi-
ties; approval of the minutes of the CE meeting; drafting the Report; approval of the report at the State Archive; physical destruction of documents (by incineration or transfer to organizations involved in the processing of secondary raw materials). Thus, the quality of analytical accounting information in financial reporting is ensured by source documents and generalization of information in the accounting registers. In order to properly reflect transactions in the accounts, an accountant from any country should solve such problems that include the following: recognition for the transaction that has taken place; valuation to determine its value; classification to determine, where the transaction should be recorded in; documentation to identify which documents to use. Thus, source documents for any economic agent are its integral part, one of the main methods in maintaining accounting and making financial reporting. With the IFRS introduction the topicality of using source documents has not been lost for Ukraine and at the state level it is clearly regulated.
2.6 Inventory-taking as a mandatory internal tool for controlling the quality of analytical accounting information in financial reporting of an enterprise. Not always source documents cover all transactions at the time of their completion (natural losses related to shrinkage, weight loss, using during the storage, transportation, distribution, natural calamities, discrepancies in actual accounting data due to errors, embezzlement, deterioration, misuse, etc). In this regard, there appears an objective need in a method that would provide a possibility to register the listed phenomena and processes. This is achieved by taking inventory that provides the quality of analytical accounting information in financial reporting. In accordance with Article 10 of the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine," in order to ensure the trustworthiness of the accounting data and financial statements the enterprises are obliged to take inventories of assets and liabilities during which their availability, condition and evaluation is verified and confirmed. The objects and frequency of inventory is determined by the owner (manager) of the enterprise, unless its implementation is mandatory under the law. Pursuant to the Procedure for presentation of financial statements, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated February 28, 2000, No. 419, the inventory of assets and liabilities of the enterprise is necessarily performed before the preparation of the annual financial statements.
The results of inventory-taking are presented in the accounting in the following order [17]:
- surplus fixed assets, goods, materials, securities, funds and other property are subject to posting and placing to accounts according to the income generated by the activity or an increase of funding;
- Lack of values within the approved norms of natural loss is written off by the decision of the manager on costs or the reduction of funding;
- Excessive lack of values as well as the loss due to deterioration is attributed to those responsible at the calculated amount of indemnification;
- Excessive costs, lack of material assets and finished products, if the perpetrators have not been found, are attributed to costs or reduction of funding.
Thus, inventory-taking is an important part of accounting methodology as it forms accounting information that will be duly processed and presented in the reporting of the enterprise to internal and external consumers to make management decisions.
According to the IFRS, the objects of inventory-taking procedures are similar to those adopted in Ukrainian law for an inventory object, as an object of accounting, is the same for all accounting systems.
However, the very essence of the objects of accounting and the criteria for their identification in the reporting of Ukrainian enterprises in some cases come into serious contradiction with the IFRS. As a result, firstly, there is a need to take inventory of the property that is not in the financial statements made according to the current Ukrainian legislation, and vice versa, not to take inventory of assets that under the IFRS criteria loose their recognition. Secondly, because of the need for reclassification of a number of assets, the inventory-taking procedures are aimed at the objects accepted in the formation of financial statements prepared under both international and national standards of accounting, but are interpreted in different ways.
Inventory Reports and inventories are source documents. While taking inventory under IAS/ IFRS procedures, the enterprise independently can develop its own inventories (inventory reports). In establishing the objects for inventory-taking procedures under the IFRS it is necessary to take into account not only the changes in the property of the enterprise that have taken place in the transformation of financial statements under the IFRS, but also take into account the articles that influenced this change.
Conclusion
In conditions when the role of financial reporting of business entities is increasing in the information support of globalized business and it becomes a tool that helps meet the public needs, the methodology of financial reporting goes beyond the method of accounting. Moreover, with expansion of analytical accounting information to the limits of financial information the areas and volumes of public information needs are growing as the corresponding interests of certain social groups of consumers, which require further study of the examined issues at the level of transnational corporations, international and national level, as well as at meso level and macro level.
The organization of the media of accounting information requires compliance with features of accounting as a process of formation the evidence. Accounting as a process consists in stating that every economic fact is a phenomenon or process and must be, first of all, recorded on the media as a proof, i.e. as a document. From the source documents, i.e. the proofs of reality, the transactions are subject to mandatory recording (registration) and accumulation in the accounting registers. This means that the accounting registers after corresponding economic facts are recorded and necessary mathematical procedures are completed automatically become the media of accounting information. To ensure the trustworthiness of accounting
Г. Голубнича, канд. екон. наук, доц.,
Т. Мельник, канд. екон. наук, доц.
КНУ імені Тараса Шевченка, Київ
data and financial reporting the enterprises must necessarily take inventory. These peculiarities provide interconnection of the quality of the analytical accounting information in financial reporting with the introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards in Ukraine.
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Received 02.07.13
ФІНАНСОВА ЗВІТНІСТЬ ТА ПЕРВИННА ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЯ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
ПРИ ЗАСТОСУВАННІ МСФЗ
Проаналізовано теоретико-методологічні та практичні аспекти змін у фінансовій звітності й первинній документації, характерні для українських підприємств у нових умовах, пов'язаних із застосуванням міжнародних стандартів фінансової звітності. У тому числі запропоновано концептуальний підхід до визначення закономірностей змін у фінансовій звітності та елементах методу бухгалтерського обліку. Досліджено питання внутрішнього контролю якості обліково-аналітичної інформації на окремих етапах її формування.
Ключові слова: обліково-аналітична інформація, елементи методу бухгалтерського обліку, первинна документація, інвентаризація, фінансова звітність, Міжнародні стандарти фінансової звітності.
Г. Голубничая, канд. экон. наук, доц.,
Т. Мельник, канд. экон. наук, доц.
КНУ имени Тараса Шевченко, Киев
ФИНАНСОВАЯ ОТЧЕТНОСТЬ И ПЕРВИЧНЫЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ УКРАИНСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МСФО
Проведен анализ особенностей финансовой отчетности и первичных документов, которые характерны для украинских предприятий в нових условиях применения международных стандартов финансовой отчетности. В том числе представлен концептуально новый поход, позволяющий выявить тенденции изменений в финансовой отчетности и в специфичных элементах метода бухгалтерського учета. Исследованы теоретико-методологические и практические вопросы внутреннего контроля качества учетноаналитической информации на отдельных етапах ее формирования.
Ключевые слова: финансовая отчетность, первичные документы, инвентаризация, учетно-аналитическая информация, Международные стандарты финансовой отчетности.
