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EXPERIENCE OF SURVIVAL OF THE NORTHERN PEOPLE AND NATURAL FACTORS SECURING ADAPTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF KAMCHATKA
REGION
Selminskaya O.V., Konstantinova T.A., Muradov S.V.
One of the main ecological problems is the problem of adaptation, as far as the main questions of interaction of man and environment are focused in it. Adaptation in physiology can be determined as the process of maintenance of functional state of homeostatic systems and the organism as a whole, securing its preservation, development, capacity for work in non-adequate surroundings.
Kamchatka Region with its climatic geographical conditions is the region of Extreme North that causes the influence on the organism of a man the whole series of negative for health factors. Here are low content of oxygen in the atmosphere, heavy aerodynamic conditions, insufficiency of solar irradiation, and considerable vibrations of geomagnetic earth field, the changing of atmosphere pressure, influence of ionizing radiation and factors tied with volcanic activity.
Combined influence of all these factors demands the tense work of all functional systems of the human organism.
Long and tense process of man’s adaptation to the conditions of the North leads to the deep reorganization of all regulated physiological and exchange processes accompanied with “syndrome of polar tense”. The most important components of this polar syndrome are the syndrome of lipid hyper peroxides, the syndrome of the northern tissue hypoxia, the syndrome of immune deficiency, the syndrome of reactivation-plastic deficiency, the syndrome of psycho emotional tense.
In the complex of adaptation changes in the conditions of the North the most important place is taken by the shifts characterized by strengthening of reactions freely radical oxidation of lipids and insufficiency of antioxidant protection that lead to the reduction of the cellular membrane stability and their vulnerability that is the initial moment of the further metabolite violations on the cellular, tissue and organ
levels.
According to V.P.Kaznacheeva (1976r.) antioxidant activity of North
aborigines’ blood is higher than of newly arrived inhabitants. These facts proves that in the process of evolution of indigenous people the mechanisms of protection from unfavorable factors stimulating freely radical oxidation of lipids were formed. The process of adaptation in the conditions of the North is characterized by quick increase of the role of lipid exchange. North aborigines have the strengthening of lipid exchange due to fat of exogenous origin i.e. lipids of food.
It is beyond the doubt, that the factor of nutrition plays a very important role in the man’s adaptation to the conditions of living. Nutrition belongs to the number of most ancient links between organisms and environment. Albuminous fat nutrition is typical for Kamchatka’s aborigines. The main food ration contains fish, products from sea animals and northern deer. Such character of nutrition determines the dominant use of lipids as more power-consuming assumable material and accompanies with higher activity of lipolitic ferments that satisfies the needs of increased main exchange in the conditions of the North.
Among the newcomers lived in the region for 5 - 7 years it is observed the stable rise of common lipids in the blood, cholesterol and content of LPNP, that reflects the transition of metabolism from carbohydrate to lipid type as the result of complex influence of natural factors and change of nutrition. This leads to the breach of lipid exchange that can lead to the rise of atherosclerotic damages of vessels, development of ischematic diseases of heart, infarction etc. [6]. At the same time lipid albuminous type of exchange is more adequate in the conditions of the region it confirms the data about necessity of preservation of the aborigines’ nutrition.
The analysis of the nutrition peculiarities of aborigines can be used as
specific model for working out the model of balanced nutrition for newly arrived people in the conditions of Kamchatka Region. Meat and tissues of north deer organs containing a great number of vitamin C and protein deserve special attention. The wide use in food fish and sea products that have polien fat acids that promote correction of lipid and energetic exchange and adaptation of newly arrived people to the conditions of region has a great importance.
Nowadays newly arrived people dominate over aborigines in Kamchatka Region. The syndrome of food insufficiency is formed among newly arrived people with increasing of living period in the conditions of the North. One of its demonstrations is hypo vitaminous. It leads to the development of different illnesses and chronic pathological processes. It is very important to use local food factors and biological active additions in the period of adaptation to the new conditions of living for newly-arrived people.
At all times different natural substances were used for widening of adaptation possibilities of a man such as plant extracts, extracts from animal raw materials, medical mud, mineral waters etc. Preparations that have adaptive activity modulate the process of exchange (activate biosynthesis of al bumen, some ferments of carbohydrate and lipid exchanges) hinder oxidative destruction of cellular membrane; activate the work of immune system. Non-specific steadiness of organism to the external influence is raised as a result of it and the adaptation possibilities of the organism in different conditions are enlarged. Academician V.P.Kaznacheev marks that local natural resources are more effective in maintenance and reconstruction of adaptation mechanisms in extreme conditions of the definite region.
In case of long tension of adaptation mechanisms in the man body their emaciation is watched accompanied by the rise of adaptation illnesses. The appearance of pathology as a result of influence non-specific factors is traditionally treated as a theory of “a place of the least opposition”, i.e. illness with a priori weakness of a definite organ or system is developed. However the development of pathology can reflect the peculiarities of
protective adaptation strategy in those cases when organism has to sacrifice the part to provide adaptation to extreme conditions. The somatic variant of this strategy can be hypertensive vascular reaction or the development of paradont illnesses. The pathology of paradont tissues appears on the border of interaction of the man’s organism with the environment, and mechanisms of interactions of macroorganisms of a man with various micro flora of cavity are realized here. That causes the rise of sensitiveness of paradont tissues to the influence on different environment factors and frequent rise of pathology (about 80-90 % of adults). The factors of environment influence on protective mechanisms of cavity and organism as a whole by changing of immune reactivity breach of metabolism in tissues and organs, development of system-formatted illnesses. So, in the researches of Saburova L.B. (1974) concerning epidemiology of paradont illnesses in Kirgizia in the conditions of mountains, it is showed that the prevalence of paradont illnesses among children in mountains in 2,5 times higher than among children who live in the valleys. In appraisal of influence of mountain conditions on the organism, great importance is paid to the factor of hypoxia and shortage of vitamin C. Unfavorable conditions of environment are conductive for development of immune shortage and hypo reactivity. S.P.Yurova (1999) in her experiment showed that in hypo reactivity of immune system a quickly progressive flow of the experimental paradontit, characterized by destructive changing in tissues of gums is observed. Slow progressive flow of paradontit was observed in the control group with normal reactivity. So, almost all rectangular components of “syndrome of polar tense” play an important role in pathogenesis of paradont illnesses that is why this pathology can be discerned as the index of adaptation processes and unadaptation in different groups of population.
The definition of paradontological morbidity level among aborigines of Kamchatka region is of a special interest. It is necessary to emphasize that such researches were not held earlier.
According to I. V. Gritsay (2002), the
provision with doctors of Koryaksky Autonomous Region during the period from 1980 to 1989 was in 1.5 times higher than in Russia. However, the state of aborigines’ health by the beginning of the 90th of the 20th century was not satisfactory.
One of the reasons caused the discrepancy of supplied efforts for creation of healthcare system in the North, is ignorance in ethno-psychological peculiarities of aborigines. The destruction of traditional nutrition system worsened the system of diet in comparison with the ecologically necessary. That brought down the resistibility of the organism and brought to the growth of sickness rate among aborigines. Besides, one more reason of unsatisfactory health of Kamchatka’s aborigines is in the absence of complex estimation of Northern people’s health and its prediction.
The studying of prevalence and character of the flow paradont illnesses among aborigines and newly arrived people of the region will allow to define the difference in given pathology and later and to prove the necessity of varied approach to the treatment and clinical examination of population in the region.
Besides the definition of prevalence paradont illnesses among aborigines and newly arrived people of Kamchatka region, the other direction of our science work is to determine the possibilities of the use of local natural resources for therapy and prophylaxis of given pathology. In particular, on the basis of Regional stomatological polyclinic, and also on the base of such subdivisions of KRAUNTS as laboratories SES and KGPU we investigate the influence of medical mud “Parapel” medication on the inflammatory illnesses of paradont. The most important biomedical qualities of the medication are its antibacterial action in respect of peered coccus and bacteria of intestinal typhus group, and also expressed keratoplastic action. Biologically active substances contained in the given medication do the local immune stimulators in inflammatory diseases. In the treatment process the antiphlogistic effect of the given medication is revealed and nowadays we investigate the influence of “Parapel” upon the pathogenic micro flora of a cavity. We are
also planning to investigate the possibilities of the use of mineral water and sea water for the treatment of paradont inflammatory diseases. The use of sea water is well-motivated not only by its mineral saline composition but by the high content of BAS and specific micro flora, the antagonists for land microorganisms. We should like to emphasis such advantages of natural adaptation facilities before usual chemical therapeutic medications as their availability, good transferability, soft, and at the same time distinct influence on the organism. It makes possible to use natural facilities of the region for the treatment of different illnesses and compensation of the unadaptation process and it is one of the most effective ways of their prevention.
In the conclusion we shall mark that it is necessary to study in a more detailed way a historically laid experience of aborigine’s survival, to keep it and to introduce it into the adaptation practice of the newly-arrived Kamchatka’s people.
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