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Energy-environmental limits of existence of the regions under the effect of emergency situations of different origin
Section 10. Regional studies and socio-economic geography
Knaub Roman Viktorovich, National Research Tomsk State University, Associate Professor at the Department of Geology and Geography
E-mail: [email protected]
Energy-environmental limits of existence of the regions under the effect of emergency situations of different origin
Abstract: The article presents methodical tools of calculation of energy-environmental limits of existence of the regions under the effect of emergency situations of different origin. The quantitative values of capacity load of emergency situations on the biosphere of the region are established.
Keywords: emergency situations of different origin, energy-environmental limits of existence of the regions.
Introduction. Today, there is no place on the Earth, within any region, where there are no natural, man-induced and biological-social disasters. Herewith, there isn't a unified method of definition of consequences of emergency situations (ES); all calculations are related to monetary estimate of ES consequences expressed in currency units that are subject to inflation. Moreover, it is difficult to compare ES of different origin. To solve this problem, methodical tools of estimation of limits of existence of the regions under the effect of emergency situations of different origin are proposed.
The task of the work is to estimate the consequences of ES of different origin in one measurement unit (capacity) and determine energy-environmental limits ofexistence ofthe regions under the effect of emergency situations of different origin.
Method. All phenomena and processes on our planet, in any region of the world, are of stream-oriented nature in space-time. This determines that all processes and phenomena can be expressed in the stream-oriented nature, in the flow of energy or in capacity [1].
In the context of the above-stated, energy-environmental approach involves the estimation of all processes in any region of the world in measurable values, i.e. units of capacity.
Consequently, there is a way of conversion of monetary units into capacity units. B.E. Bolshakov [1] proposed an equation to convert monetary masses into capacity:
PR =
P
_ r Watt
Pm
(1)
PR - capacity of currency, W/ruble;
Pv/ott - gross regional product expressed in the capacity units, Watt;
Prnm^ - gross regional product expressed in monetary units, rubles.
The author proposes the following equation to convert damage from ES of different origin to capacity units:
P es
DE PR
(2)
- ES capacity expressed in capacity units, kW; - material damage from ES expressed in rubles,
P es
Des ruble;
PR - capacity of currency, W/ruble.
Accordingly, watts are then easily converted into kilowatts and megawatts. Herewith, in production practice, ES of different origin is usually defined as a combined effect of natural and man-induced character. Consequently, the equation of the definition of capacity of ES of combined nature (natural and man-induced ES) will look as follows. Let's call it full capacity:
Nes = Nes„«,+ Nesmn (3)
Nes - full ES capacity expressed in the capacity units, kW;
Nesm - capacity of ES of natural character, kW;
Nssn^n - capacity of ES of man-induced character, kW.
Developing the methodical basics of energy-related estimation of consequences of ES of different origin, the author proposed the following possibilities of ES capacity estimation:
C* = N./S, (4)
where CES - coefficient of capacity load of ES or density of ES capacity;
Nes - full capacity of ES;
S - area of the region.
Different origin of ES is mainly determined by the manifestation of ES of natural and man-induced character. Consequently, general coefficient of capacity load of ES will look as follows:
CgenEs = Cesma, + Cesn„,, (5)
where CgenES - density of ES capacity;
Cesman - density of man-induced ES capacity;
Ces t - density of natural ES capacity.
Section 10. Regional studies and socio-economic geography
To define energy-environmental limits of existence of the regions, including under the effect of emergency situation of different origin, a special parameter «density of full capacity» or anthropogenic load expressed in the capacity units is used. The density of full capacity is determined by the ratio of annual total energy consumption (N) to the area of the region (S) with a measurement unit - kilowatt/square meter [2]. Another important indicator for the presented method is biosphere instability, the ratio of density of full capacity (anthropogenic load) to A.P. Fedotov constant [3], the mean value of which is 15-70 kW/km2.
Taking into account the density of ES capacity, the equation of calculation of biosphere instability will look as follows:
Nbiosph = P + CesI Cf, (6)
where Nbiosph - biosphere instability;
P - density of full capacity or anthropogenic load;
CK - density of ES capacity or coefficient of capacity load of ES;
CF - Fedotov constant (15-70 kW/km2).
To define the limits of existence of the regions considering the effect of ES capacity, we took into account the following values of capacity load on the biosphere of the region:
1) up to 15 kW/km2 - load within norms; 2) from 15 to 70 kW/km2 -permissible load; 3) from 70 to 125 kW/ km2 - significant load; 4) over 125 kW/km2 - environmental catastrophe.
Conclusion. A technical result of the presented method is the availability of criteria for the estimation of the limits of
existence of regions taking into account the effect of ES capacity, simplicity ofcalculation, prognostic element ofES consequences and preservation of the region's sustainable development.
References:
1. Bolshakov B.E. Science of sustainable development. M.: RA.EN, 2011. - 270 p.
2. Knaub R.V Energy-environmental safety from emergency situations of different origin as a basis of the region's sustainable development. Tomsk: Published by TSU, 2014. - 124 p.
3. Fedotov A.P. Development of a global model of the planet Earth. Concentrated report to the Roman Club. M.: Aspect Press, 2008. - 64 p.
