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Karimova N. O. lecturer
Center for Life Safety Training of the Department of Emergency Situations of the Jizzakh region
ELIMINATION OF PROBLEMS CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTERS
Annotation: the consequences of negative anthropogenic influences on the surrounding natural environment and the directions for their elimination are analyzed. Socio-philosophical aspects of minimizing the Global environmental crisis have been analyzed. Sustainable Development Goals and priorities for the Prevention of environmental degradation are covered socio-philosophically.
Keywords: environmental safety, risks, anthropogenic impact, global environmental crisis, man-made systems risk, environmental risk assessment, socio-cultural factors.
A natural disaster is a natural phenomenon that has an extraordinary character and leads to a violation of the normal functioning of the population, the death of people, the destruction and destruction of material goods.
Natural disasters can occur both independently and interdependently: one of them can lead to another. Some of the disasters are often the result of human activity (e.g. forest and peat fires, industrial explosions in mountainous areas, construction of dams, laying (mastering) quarries, which often lead to landslides, snow avalanches, collapse of glaciers, etc.
The 2030 Sustainable Development Programme, which includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted by all UN member states in 2015 and planned to be implemented by 2030, aims to minimize the existing economic, environmental and social problems in the world. In addition to the three global social inequalities, the implementation of a strategy to reduce the negative impact of human activity on nature to zero, through which the elimination of the damage to nature of anthropogenic influences that led to an unprecedented large-scale degradation of the environment consists of priorities.
The shortage of food and other resources, inversely proportional to the increase in population density, on the contrary, the high consumption of food and fossil fuels is the basis of environmental and socio-political problems in the world today. In this regard, it is necessary to take into account the dynamics of factors such as biodiversity conservation, food security and climate change in order to achieve the goals of the Sustainable Development Agenda until 2030. Just as a person's impact on the environment has negative consequences, on the contrary, it manifests itself in the form of global problems that negatively affect the environment, reflecting negative indicators in a person's life.
One of the Global risks is considered an environmental risk, on the example of which we can see all the main features of the risk. All countries of the world
are exposed to it, and only with their joint activities can this problem be solved. In the event of an environmental disaster, no state in the world can defend itself.
Environmental risk is the possibility of adverse changes resulting from negative anthropogenic impacts on the environment, or the consequences of these changes. They are divided into: sociogenic, related to the development, activities of society; geopolitical, based on the doctrine of totalitarian society; environmental, arising from environmental influences; and derived from the domination of ideological theories over cultural phenomena.
At the end of the 20th century, nature became a product of history. U. Beck believes that nature cannot be understood without society, and vice versa. Consequently, his threats became social threats. Due to common fear, there is solidarity between the whole organic world, that is, between animals and nature, and between people. But, nevertheless, modern states are characterized by "alienation of the environment." Officially, they own and manage the economic and social sphere, but in fact they are not controlled, since there is a global threat to life on earth that destroys trade. Hence, there is a contradiction between the desire to maintain production and the desire to get more profit.
Where the risks are recognized as true, the social, political and economic structure of powers is disrupted, politics expands its influence. What was previously outside the sphere of influence of politics fell into this sphere today. Even self-elimination of risks becomes political in nature. The importance of emergency policy is growing. Responsibility must be redistributed. Totalitarianism to protect oneself from danger manifests itself in a management trend. As the risk increases, completely new demands on democracy are being created to prevent this trend. But at the present stage, the risk society is dominated by the trend of post-sanation. Environmental Protection is manifested only at the end of the production process, when harmful substances act.
People react differently to risks. A. V. Baranov identified four types of environmental concern carriers. The first species has a high level of environmental concern that actively protects nature. The second type cares about the ecological situation, but does nothing to change it. The third type is concerned about the state of the environment, but believes that the environmental situation will improve, so he sometimes allows himself to violate environmental regulations. The fourth type does not pose a threat in the state of the environment and does not think about environmental problems.
Currently, there are very few people of the first type, so it is very important to develop an ecological culture. A. K. Marshak distinguishes two types of it: universal and functional-consumer. The first is characteristic of a society with a long historical tradition. In it, the ecological situation is considered as a holistic system, at the level of civilization as a whole. The second type is characteristic of new states, it arose in contrast to the deviant, and appeared at the beginning of the period of destruction of civilization. According to the stages of civilization of the development of society, ecological culture is classified into tribal, collective,
ethnic, religious, individual, planetary and institutional forms. Also, A. K. Marshak defines two types of ecological culture: reproduction, which attempts to preserve society in this ecological culture, and the development of a developing, ecological culture. These species indicate the structure and dynamics of ecological culture.
As a conclusion, it can be said that it is impossible to completely get rid of environmental risks, but you can try to reduce them and prevent the appearance of new ones. This can happen if all states combine their efforts and act in the interests of the whole world. This is important because currently, developed countries are trying to protect only their territories by moving harmful production to developing countries.
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2. Nigmatov A.I. Ekologiya: asosiy atama va iboralarning izohli lug'ati. - T., 2002, 15-16 betlar.
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"Экономика и социум" №2(117)-1 2024
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