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16
DIURNAL (OR NOCTURNAL) PROMINENCE OF TRANSYEARLY
(VS. YEARLY, HALF-YEARLY AND OTHER) COMPONENTS IN PC5 PULSATIONS
Germaine Cornelissen, Franz Halberg, Agarwal Rajesh K.,
Tamara Breus, Olga Kozireva, Natalya Kleimenova
Aim. To assess the time structure of Pc5 variations to examine whether they are characterized by non-photic components similar to those found in the incidence of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia in Minnesota.
Materials and methods. Daily values of the local ULF index for Ottawa, a station relatively close to Minnesota, were obtained during 1978-1995 (18 years). Local ULF activity in the range of 2-5 mHz (3-8 min) over the whole 24-hour span, as well as over separate day-time and night-time is analyzed by the extended cosinor method. Analyses were carried out on 2-day means after log10-transformation of the data to render their distribution closer to a normal one. Least squares periodograms were prepared in the frequency regions of 1 cycle in 18 years to about 4.5 cycles per year and up to the Nyquist frequency (1 cycle in 4 days). Components corresponding to anticipated spectral peaks were further investigated by nonlinear least squares to obtain point and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for their periods and their respective amplitudes and acrophases.
Results. All three variables are characterized by yearly and half-yearly components, peaking toward the end of May and near the equinoxes, respectively. The about 27-day component corresponding to the solar rotation period is present as a broad spectral peak in all three variables, as are its harmonics, among which the about 2-week component is particularly prominent, invariably exceeding in amplitude that of the about monthly variation. In addition to the year and half-year (Table 1), a transyear with a period of about 1.3 years is observed, corresponding to that seen in solar wind speed, as is a cis-half-year with a period of about 0.42 year (with an amplitude’s CI barely overlapping zero), similar to changes reported in solar flares, as well as an about 7-year component. This model (fixed 1.0- and 0.5-year, adjusted about 7-, 1.3-, and
0.42-year components considered concomitantly) was fitted by nonlinear least squares according to Marquardt's algorithm to each data series. Except for the cis-half-year, and for the half-year in day-time data, that reaches only borderline statistical significance in this composite model, other components, including transyears, can be resolved nonlinearly with statistical significance (Table 1).
Table 1. Nonlinear fit of composite model consisting of fixed 1.0- and 0.5-year and adjusted about 7-, 1.3, and 0.42-year cosine curves to Ottawa's ULF index (2-5 mHz or 3-8 min). LogJ0-transformed 2-day means
Variable Period (years) [95% CI] Amplitude [95% CI]
24-hour 1.0 0.05 [0.02, 0.08]
0.5 0.04 [0.00, 0.07]
7.95 [7.11, 8.79] 0.07 [0.04, 0.10]
1.33 [1.29, 1.37] 0.04 [0.01, 0.07]
.423 [.417, .429] 0.03 [-.00, 0.06]
Day-time 1.0 0.04 [0.01, 0.07]
0.5 0.03 [ -.00, 0.06]
8.13 [7.25, 9.02] 0.07 [0.04, 0.10]
1.33 [1.30, 1.37] 0.05 [0.02, 0.08]
.424 [.417, .430] 0.02 [-.00, 0.05]
Night-time 1.0 0.06 [0.03, 0.09]
0.5 0.05 [0.02, 0.08]
7.81 [6.97, 8.65] 008 [0.05, 0.11]
1.33 [1.29, 1.38] 0.04 [0.00, 0.07]
.423 [.417, .430] 0.03 [-.00, 0.06]
Whereas the year and half-year as well as the about 8-year components are expressed more strongly in the night-time than in the day-time data, the opposite seems to apply in this 18-year series for the transyear.
Discussion. Within-day differences in Pc5 can be aligned with differences in the biosphere, without implying any causal relations. In an elderly man, a half-yearly component in systolic blood pressure is prominent in measurements taken in the evening, but is absent (there is a spectral valley) in measurements taken in the morning during 22 consecutive years. At midlatitudes, melatonin, which has been found to change in association with magnetic storms, is characterized by a half-yearly component in night-time samples and by a calendar-yearly component in day-time samples. In considering environmental-biospheric interactions, the within-day changes in both entities remain the indispensable control information.
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