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DEPENDING ON SOCIAL FORCES TO PROMOTE THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION
Yuan Peng-Xiang1, Li Yue-Qin1,1.Yu. Okolnishnikova2
1 Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhou Shan City, Zhejiang Province, China
2 South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Social security system is a main content and one of the most important symbols for the construction of Chinese modern society, it is a stabilizer for the society development and the key to guarantee the life quality of social members in our country. But with the increasingly prominent problem in the construction and reform of the social security system, it is urgently needed for the innovation of participants to satisfy the current demands for social security system construction, as a new role, social force's participation is an inevitable trend. Through the interpretation of the concept of social force and social security system, and the relationship between social forces, government and the market, this article points out that the construction of social security system need the participate of social force, and then puts forward six suggestions on how to promote the social security system construction rely on social forces.
Keywords: social forces; government; social security; public services.
Since the reform and opening, "social forces" in China have been "liberated" and boomed over the past years, it not only released social vitality constantly, but also promoted the development of social construction and people's civil rights effectively, thus it played an important role in promoting the social construction, social management innovation and China's governance system transition. Have been liberated for more than 30 years, social forces in China began to "organize" in recent years, and the "organized society forces" began playing a crucial part where "government and market cannot reach" in the social construction, social management and national governance area. The construction of social security system is the main content of the social construction, and the "organized society forces" are one of the main kind of social construction contributors. They should participate in the innovation and improvement of the social security system positively, play a composite role of "cooperate with the government, communicate and integrate all parties, participate in government decision-making, provide public services, supervise and feedback implementation result" to further improve the social security system.
1. Strengthen the cooperation with the government, further promote the diversity of participants in the social security system construction field
The main duty of social security system is to safeguard the citizens'right of survival and development, and that is the basic responsibility of government. The main way for government to perform its role is to build up a social security system which covers both the migrant citizens and non-migrant ones.
Social security belongs to the category of "public services", and also "social public domain". It's both part of the responsibility of government and the service scope of the social forces to provide high quality and efficient social security services. In view of that social organizations have the characteristics of non-governmental, depoliticized, public-spirited, and autonomy, they should be actively involved in the
construction and improvement of the social security system, play their positive role in the construction of the public sphere. In the social public realm, the government, market and social organizations are equal and diversity subjects, they have both competition and cooperation relationship among them, thus promote the construction of the public domain. Social organizations' participation in the social security system construction actively leading by the government has three aspects of meaning: The first is easing the burden on the government, saving construction cost; The second is increasing the government's pressure of competition to promote its own construction, innovation and transformation, especially in social security areas; The third is cultivating social organizations, supporting social forces and helping the construction of public society, thus take a subjective part in the field of social security.
On the one hand, the "organized society forces" can be effective supplement for the "government failure "market failure" and the area that government power and market power cannot reach in the social security domain, since "government can hardly do everything well", it is difficult to arranged all of the social affairs, even "vacuum" can be find in some areas in social domains, as "equal partners" [1] of government, "social organizations" must stand out to fill the "vacuum" effectively and beneficially. On the other hand, social forces cooperate with the government, then both devote can themselves to the construction of social security services, social forces can then release their advantages and provide quality and efficient product and services in social pension, health care and poverty relief area. At the same time, the government should strengthen their effort to bring more social organizations in to participate in the social pension, health care and poverty relief work, provide access policies and funding supports and scaled up its purchases of service items.
Yuan Peng-Xiang, Li Yue-Qin, I.Yu. Okolnishnikova
2. Strengthen the relationship between the government and the society, committed to the high coverage level of social security system
The reality is that China's "labor union organizations" have so strong political and governmental color that it cannot play the great role in the social security system like in western countries. For example, In Norway, the labor unions are authorized by workers and represents the interests of the workers, they participate in the "tripartite consultation mechanism" actively thus protect the legal social rights and interests of the workers effectively, which contain their social security interests. At the same time, there are no similar organizations in China mainland working like the "the peasant association" [2] in Taiwan area to perform as representative to farmers or entrusted by farmers to actively participate in the innovation and development of the social security system and through which to safeguard the social security rights and interests of farmers.
As organizations composed of society members, social organizations must take their responsibility, commit to their work of improvement and development the social security system, take the role of "connect up the government, market and citizens", finally safeguard, implement and development the legal rights and interests of the citizens. And China's social organizations should become "functional social organizations" or "functional organizations" that are depoli-ticized, non-governmental, and public-spirited.
The "organized social forces" are some kind of "hub type organizations" [3-8] and "supportive organizations" [9-11], they can act as a coordinating role that build connection between "the government and society" and "market and society". Firstly, they can link the government and society, they can both inform some social security policies of the government to social members and organizations, and efficiently allocate the social security resources and services provided by the government to social members and social organizations to meet their demand; At the same time, they can feedback the demand, opinions and interests of the social members who need them to the government. Secondly, they can set up connection between market and society, both aware of the detail of the public resources the market should allocate, and the demand list that social members need, thus the information can effectively interaction and maximize the effectiveness of the allocation of public social security resources, and through which improve the efficiency use of public resources and expand the coverage of social security system.
3. Integrate all parties, pull together to improve the service efficiency
Social organizations should integrate all party of social forces who participate in the public social security services. The first is build up synergy power to pursuit of scale effect; The second is improve the
Depending on social forces to promote the social security system construction
overall strength of social forces, which not only can avoid unnecessary "competitive internal friction" and "deadweight cost" among the parties, but also can improve the quality of public product, enhance the public service efficiency by strengthen its management. The third is "build up public platforms, leading public discussions", thus not only can attract the demand parties of public social security services actively participate in the discussion to reach their "consensus", but also can organize the supply parties ability to actively participate in discussions to build their "consensus". At the same time we should create conditions to build "public dialogue platforms" to achieve dialogues and interaction between "government, market and society ".
4. Widen participants to improve the scientific degree of social security system
As the subject of social construction, social organizations have both public and professional characteristics, they are not only important forces in the practice of social security, but also the important forces in improve and construction of the social security system, even they are important supporter for the government in the implement of the social security. On the one hand, social organizations' participation in the construction of social security system can make the subject and object of social security diversity, on the other hand, that can make the carrier and funding sources of social security diversity.
The construction and perfection of the social security system belongs to the government's administrative behavior and responsibility, and also it is important content of public services, that should be public and open, "open decisions" improve the scientific, democratization and publicity degree of decision-making through encouraging free airing of views and gathering intelligence. In addition, learn from the experience of western countries, especially Norway's tripartite consultation mechanism, "functional social organization" that are depoliticized, non-governmental, and public-spirited can represent some group of people to actively participate in the "democracy and equality" negotiations leading by the government and market on the issue of public welfare, thus build a Chinese version of "tripartite consultation mechanism" mechanism that leading by the government and with market and social organizations' active involvement' though which to expand the social participation and democracy of public decision-making At the same time, the government needs should build "public consultation platform" (public discussion platform) for the "tripartite consultation mechanism", and improve the "tripartite consultation mechanism" (public consultation mechanisms), expand its "consultation form", and enrich its "consultation content". In addition, the government should encourage and create conditions to support social organizations that are both professional and public to participate in government 's
Вестник ЮУрГУ. Серия «Экономика и менеджмент». 2015. Т. 9, № 1. С. 126-130
Management of Social and Economic Systems
decision making about social security system, that can not only provide professional suggestions to the government to perfect the social security system, but also can reflect the demand and suggestions of the society and its members to the government, via which to improve the democratization and openness of government 's decision-making, improving the scientific and professional level of social security system.
5. Innovation the supply system and mechanism to provide quality and efficient public services
Government's purchasing of public services refers to "government buy public services, which used to provided directly by them, from qualified social service agencies through direct grants or public bidding, and pay the bills according to the quantity and quality provided by the successful bidder" [12]. Its essence is the contractualization of public services. The government's purchasing public services do not means weakening and transformation of the "public service" function, nor does it means the absence of government's responsibility, but the innovation of the government's public service providing mode, improvement of efficiency, reduction of cost and assurance of quality. Government's purchasing of "public services" form social organizations and other social forces is not only beneficial to the transformation of itself, but also kind of social management innovation, and key factors to the maintainence and development of social organizations and other social forces. But at the same time, it's an emerging thing that the government buy public services from social organizations and other social forces, it's a complex long practice process, all relative factors such as the source of funds and the selection of project, the programs purchase and the bidding process, and regulatory feedback, all need to be active and careful promoted.
In addition, the "migrant group" need "mobile public social security services". In view of the "migrant workers become a thing of the past" is a complex long historical process, China's largest mobile group - migrant workers still will exist in the short term, "the citizenization of migrant workers" also needs a process, social security services demanded by migrant workers need particular attention. Construction and innovation of the social security system need pay more attention to build "floating publicity" [13, 14], which pays attention to the occurrence, production and reproduction of "mobile public social security services", "mobile public services" mainly has three layers of meaning, The first meaning is that it's a new kind of public service mode, mainly refers to "the government no longer sit in the service hall or office to handle the progress of public services providing, but proactively walk out of the office area into the grassroots to provide door-to-door services, thus give the service object convenient, efficient, low cost and high quality social services" [15]. The second meaning refers to the mobile and effective allocation of public
resources cross regions; The third meaning refers to the flow and configuration of public resources and public services between urban and rural areas, mainly refers to the allocation of public services and public resources to migrant group, especially migrant workers. "Mobile social security" means the effective flow and reasonable configuration of public social security services and resources between urban and rural areas, among regions, service object, service items, service mode, supply mode and management institution are mobile, and, even more important, the public service resources are flowing; It depends not only on the "nationwide overall development", which mainly means "overall development of both urban and rural areas", in allocating public services and resources, but also depends on the degree and level of "nationwide overall development", namely effect and the success or failure of it.
6. Strengthen the supervision and feedback to promote the construction of social supervision system
Social organizations do not only play the institutional role of "collaborators, participants, communicators, integrators and providers" in the construction and perfect of the social security system, but also they should take the part of "regulators" and "provider of feedback". Some of China's social organizations have certain independence, coupled with its depoliticized, non-governmental, public-spirited, and functional features, they have certain degree of credibility. And the supervision of social forces has become an important way to correct the deviation of public service that cannot be ignored nowadays, even can play "significantly role" when necessary. As a kind of resource, social forces can show their unique and professional advantages in the social security system's implementation and operation mechanism. In terms of supervision and evaluation, we can take advantage of the social organizations and social forces to guarantee transparency and openness of the supervision, and attract more attention and tendency from government on social organizations and social forces: The first is that the government can authorize special social organizations to supervise the operation and fund situation of the social security system from neutral and professional perspective. The second is supervise the social security system by a joint committee consists of experts and scholars, people's representatives and the third party. The third is use some public media organizations and their electronic platforms such as micro-blog and wechat to supervise the social security system. And through which to increase the transparency and openness of the social security system, and formulate feasible rewards and punishment system, in order to accept wider and severer social supervision.
On the one hand, social organizations can supervise the behavior of the government in the construction of social security system, in case the government
Yuan Peng-Xiang, Li Yue-Qin, I.Yu. Okolnishnikova
Depending on social forces to promote the social security system construction
behavior "cross the border" and violate the private space and personal rights of citizens, and also can strengthen the government's norms and constraints; On the other hand, social organizations should take on the work of supervise social forces who undertake the supply of public services for government in order to ensure the quality and efficiency of the public services purchased by government. At the same time, social organizations should give feedback to the government to promote the perfect of social security system. Social organizations can take advantage of their "free movement between the government and society" role to check whether the government put social security policies in place, the reactions of people and issues and problems that do not fit in with actual demand, finally feedback to the government to promote the adjustment of the social security policy and the improvement of the social security system.
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Yuan Peng-Xiang. Postgraduate Student of marine science, Supervisor of aquatic food security lab in Zhejiang Ocean University, xiangzi661822@163.com
Li Yue-Qin, Postgraduate Student of economic and management in Zhejiang Ocean University, 853702883@qq.com
Irina Yurievna Okolnishnikova, Doctor of Science (Economics), dean of the Faculty of Trade and Economics, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, okolnishnikova@yandex.ru.
Received 10 January 2015
Вестник ЮУрГУ. Серия «Экономика и менеджмент». 2015. Т. 9, № 1. С. 126-130
Management of Social and Economic Systems_
УДК 658.114.5(477)+336.14:658.114.5(477)
ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ОТ ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СИЛ В КИТАЕ
Yuan Peng-Xiang1, Li Yue-Qin1, И.Ю. Окольнишникова2
1 Чжэцзянский океанический университет, провинция Чжэцзян (Китай)
2 Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск
Система социальной безопасности - это ядро построения современного общества в Китае, стабилизатор для гармоничного развития и ключ к получению достойного уровня жизни населения. Построение и реформирование системы социальной безопасности сопряжено с выявлением определенных проблем, при решении которых никак не обойтись без участия социальных сил. Данная статья направлена на изучение проблематики взаимодействия системы социальной безопасности и социальных сил, а также взаимосвязь между общественными организациями, правительством и рынком. Автором статьи предложен подход, предполагающий построение системы социальной безопасности Китая при взаимодействии с социальными силами.
Ключевые слова: социальные силы, правительство, социальное обеспечение, коммунальные услуги.
Поступила в редакцию 10 января 2015 г
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ СТАТЬИ
REFERENCE TO ARTICLE
Yuan Peng-Xiang. Depending on social forces to promote the social security system construction / Yuan Peng-Xiang, Li Yue-Qin, И.Ю. Окольнишникова // Вестник ЮУрГУ. Серия «Экономика и менеджмент». - 2015. - Т. 9, № 1. - С. 126-130.
Yuan Peng-Xiang, Li Yue-Qin, Okolnishnikova I.Yu. Depending on Social Forces to Promote the Social Security System Construction. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Economics and Management, 2015, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 126-130.
