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_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №4/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х_
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 398.9
Khassenova R.T.
Senior Lecturer, Master of Didactics L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Kadyskyzy A.
Senior Lecturer, Master of Pedagogical Science L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Kulakhmetova Zh.T Senior Lecturer, Master of Humanities L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Astana, Kazakhstan
CULTURAL VALUE OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS Annotation
This paper is focused on similarities and differences of idiomatic expressions in the Kazakh, Chinese, English languages and cultural values that these expressions contain.
Key words: culture, mentality, idioms, difference.
Culture as a body of knowledge of common beliefs, behaviors and values appear to be the factor to establish and interpret meaning in both verbal and nonverbal language. It reflects not only the real world around humans and their living conditions, but also nation's social consciousness, way of thinking, lifestyle, traditions, value systems, and world views. The close relation between language, culture, and the integration of culture into language learning are not new phenomena.[1] Ter-Minasova S. Т. states that "language is a treasure trove of the culture. Cultural values are maintained and preserved in vocabulary, grammar rules, idioms, proverbs, folklore, literature, science, and in written and oral discourse".[2] In this term study of the idioms and idiomatic expressions are of a great importance, because they are a source of information about the culture and mentality of people.
Cultural value of idiomatic expressions is in their indisputable authenticity of their contents. By analyzing them, we can trace the history of the country and get acquainted with its customs and traditions. Peterson and Coltrane emphasize that "to achieve desired communication, culturally appropriate language use appear to be a must".[3] The culture of the people whose language is studied in comparison with its own culture and traditions contributes to increasing motivation to learn language, developing needs and interests, as well as a more conscious language learning.
Language is like a culture box, which contains all knowledge, material and spiritual values, accumulated by the people through the centuries, that is why interpretation of the language units like idioms is possible only if we take into consideration not only the language expression but also the individual and social experience, which is reflected by them and the circumstances in which they came to life. The notions of our native culture and mother tongue seem to be something common, existing in all the languages. In fact it is a big mistake. Speaking about a kind person Kazakh says "baurmal", connecting kindheartedness with "liver (baur) " not with "heart" like in Russian, English and many other cultures. In Kazakh culture we say "baurim" naming our little brother, though there is a literary word for it "ini". We say "baurim elzhirep ketti" describing some sensitive situation.
Comparison is an old, modest but very important method of research. It shows the subject from different sides and depth. It adds expressiveness and shows the subject from a new, poetic angle. In some cases to understand idioms we have to explore the extra linguistic factors and etymology. So, for example the Kazakh idiom kari koidyn zhasinday zhasi kaldy, is used to describe old people, which is translated like (it is left to live as long as for an old sheep) is born from the fact of lifetime of sheep. Another example from English to fight like Kilkenny cats takes its
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №4/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х_
origins from the historic fact of bloody fight between Kilkenny and Irishtown in the XVII century which brought to levelling of those two cities to the ground.
Some examples of Kazakh, English and Chinese idioms: Ай мен kyндей с%лу (is beautiful as the moon and the sun) Picture of beauty
(is beautiful as the water); Ине шаншар жер mzo^there is not an inch of room) There is no room to move ffi^^№(there is not an empty seat);
Тебе шашы miK т%ру (same in English:Hair stands on end )
in English: Hair stands on end ); Асцар тауым (my mountain, my supporter) My support, my protection
( same in Kazakh: my mountain, my supporter); I Тертне сыймау (not to get in one's skin) To burst with rage, anger
in English: to burst with rage, anger).
According to Chinese and British peoples' experience and their understanding of the world, there are many similarities in their idioms. Thus, despite the different cultural backgrounds, a lot of sayings are similar in English
and Chinese. As Chinese people do not like snakes, there are many sayings: КШ'^ЯЙ (snake-hearted) ; (monsters). Similarly, the British hate snakes, there are sayings: Take head of the snake in the grass - meaning that there is a snake in the grass, beware of it. Following are the examples of similar sayings in Chinese and English:
^Щ^Щ/Walls have ears/ but different in Kazakh: Yй артында Kici бар(There is a man behind the house)
Here are the similar sayings in Chinese, English and Kazakh:
^^ЛПЙ / To pour oil on the fire /Отца май црю
^МЖШ To kill two birds with one stone/Бiр оцпен ет цоянды ату
ifi^K'^^^Out of sight, out of mind /Кезден кетсе, кещлде болады рмыт
Look before you leap /Абайлап царап ацдып бас On the one hand, we see differences in linguistically specific words that are not translated into other languages. On the other hand, there is a dissonance in cultural notions of different nations on the objects and realities of the surrounding world. In idiomatic expressions are usually reflected notions associated with work, life and culture of the people. They are fully disclosed to the specifics of the national language, its identity. The main purpose of idioms - giving to speech special expressiveness, unique originality, accuracy and imagery that is a guarantee to understanding of national mentality. Language accumulates collective experience of the society, and therefore, understanding of language is the key to understanding the national mentality. Study of idiomatic expressions increases the possibilities to understand more accurately not only the language itself, but also it contributes to a deeper understanding of the culture, history, customs and traditions of the people.
In this paper we explain differences and similarities between the Kazakh, Chinese and English idioms and idiomatic expressions and cultural values which they preserve in order to see how they impact on translation. We seek better translation in order to exchange information well, to communicate with foreigners better, and to prevent them from the cultural shock.
Nowadays, the world demands not only the economic globalization but also the cultural globalization. According to the examples above, we know cultural value performs a dominant role in better understanding the idioms. In a word, there are many idioms containing lots of cultural background information in Kazakh, Chinese and English languages. Cultural factors, cultural mentalities and characteristics of idioms should be considered during the process of learning foreign languages.
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №4/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х_
References
1. Cortazzi M., Jin L.1996. Cultures of learning: Language classrooms in China, in H. Coleman (ed.) Society and the Language Classroom (pp. 169-206). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Ter-Minasova S. T. 2000. Language and Intercultural Communication (Язык и межкультурная коммуникация). Moscow. Slovo.P.13
3. Peterson, E.and Coltrane B. 2003. Culture in second language teaching. http: //www .cal .org/resources/digest/peyton02.html.
© Хасенова Р.Т., А. Кадыскызы., Кулахметова Ж.Т., 2016
УДК 81'282.8
Акулова Мария Евгеньевна
преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков №4 КФУ им. В.И. Вернадского г. Симферополь, РФ E-mail: [email protected]
ЭТНОЛЕКТ И МУЛЬТИЭТНОЛЕКТ КАК ПРОДУКТЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ЯЗЫКОВЫХ СИСТЕМ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА)
Аннотация
Настоящая статья посвящена вопросам изучения этнолектных и мультиэтнолектных языковых вариантов в результате тесного взаимодействия различных языковых систем. В статье дается определение понятий «этнолект» и «мультиэтнолект», приводится подробная классификация этнолектов, определяются предпосылки возникновения немецкого мультиэтнолекта Kiezdeutsch.
Ключевые слова Этнолект, мультиэтнолект, Kiezdeutsch, Kanak-Sprak.
В крупных городах Германии ввиду большого количества населения с миграционным фоном формируются так называемые многоязычные культурные пространства (нем. Kulturräume). Такие культурные пространства сами жители называют «иностранными гетто» (нем. Ausländer-Ghetto). Гетто становится местом, где устанавливаются дальнейшие отношения между немецким обществом и обществом иммигрантов. Мигранты на протяжении нескольких десятилетий пытаются освободиться от негативного отождествления с гастарбайтерами, что является причиной создания новых форм коммуникации [3, с. 58]. Результатом языкового и социально-культурного контакта людей, принадлежащих к различным этническим группам и проживающих на одной территории, являются такие языковые варианты в немецкоязычном пространстве, как Kanak Sprak и Kiezdeutsch. Эти языковые варианты в современной лингвистике называются «этнолект» и «мультиэтнолект» соответственно.
Впервые термин «этнолект» был использован для описания варианта английского языка, используемого потомками европейских иммигрантов в г. Буффало, штат Нью-Йорк. Э. Карлок и В.
Вельк рассматривали этнолект как языковой субстрат определенной этнической группы [см. Carlock & Wölck 1981]. В немецкой лингвистике вопросами этнолектов занимались Я. Андротсопулос, М. Кляйн,
И. Дирим. Под этнолектом, вслед за И. Дирим, понимается форма проявления языка, используемая и ассоциируемая с представителями определенной этнической группы [5, с. 15]. «Старым» этнолектом немецкого языка можно назвать идиш, на котором говорила группа немецких евреев и в котором элементы иврита сочетались с немецкими диалектами и славянскими языками. По сравнению с диалектом и социолектом, где определяющими являются территориальный и социальные признаки, в качестве ключевого
