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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Badirzade Gulsum Shamil gizi Azerbaijan Cooperation University Computer engineering and information docent of the technology department DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2024-2195-31-33 BASED ON INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Abstract.
Effective use of the latest achievements of ICT, expansion of the application of digital mechanisms leads to productivity growth, scientific management of the agricultural sector, high-level organization of the processes of growing, stocking and supplying products, transportation, delivery to final consumers, reducing losses and optimizing costs. becomes possible. The possibilities of achieving the tasks set at the expense of modern technologies in increasing the overall efficiency of the agricultural sector and in determining the appropriate solutions to the problems in this field seem more realistic..
Keywords: global, communication, information, technology, adequate, agrarian, context, potential, business.
In the conditions of global challenges, the formation of modern views on the development of the agrarian sector, the increase of its economic efficiency, and the determination of adequate action mechanisms are of strategic importance. This is explained by the fact that the role of the agrarian sector in balancing the country's economic policy and providing the population with important food products is highly valued, and it is through the productive activity of this sector that measures to strengthen food security are implemented. In addition, the agrarian sector performs important functions in the diversification of the economy of each country, in the efficient and productive use of the opportunities of other economic sectors related to this sector. At the same time, the regulation of the development of the agrarian field based on objective realities and the determination of practical action mechanisms, first of all, require the investigation of theoretical problems in this field and the generalization of approaches.
It should be noted that the problems of the agrarian field and the related fields of agriculture are not a new issue. It is possible to note that the problems related to them are continuously investigated at the world level and, by approaching them from their essence, adequate measures are taken. However, in the context of global problems, by approaching these issues from new challenges, the formation of action mechanisms and ensuring the efficiency of practical tools are more urgent. On the other hand, due to the deepening of the development of science and technology, mainly ICT, the issues of intensification of the development of the agricultural sector have come to the fore.
Therefore, the intensive use of ICT mechanisms and the increase of its economic efficiency create additional opportunities for a deeper study of the potential of the agricultural sector and the effective use of these resources. So, in recent decades, a number of problems have been increasing at the global level, and these issues are quite relevant for all countries of the world. On the other hand, among those problems, the issues of food security of the world population can be an example. The fact is that the problem of global food security
stands out among the most important priorities of the millennium People in different regions of the world face serious problems in obtaining food security. Professor E.A. Guliyev writes: "Food security problems attract a lot of attention as one of the most global problems affecting world civilization. Ensuring food security is an important component of the economic security of every country." We believe that the author is right in this matter, as a result of climate changes in recent times, issues related to the formation of food reserves at the world level have become much more complicated, land areas are lacking, dry areas are increasing, and the melting of glaciers results in the loss of agricultural areas.
All this conditions the development of agricultural activities based on high technologies, where the main raw materials of the agrarian field are grown and resources are created. At the same time, the effective use of the latest achievements of ICT, the expansion of the application of digital mechanisms, the increase of productivity, the management of the agricultural sector on scientific grounds, the high level of organization of the processes of growing products, creating reserves and supplying them, transporting them, and delivering them to the final consumers, reducing losses and optimizing costs. becomes possible. The possibilities of achieving the set tasks due to modern technologies in increasing the overall efficiency of the agrarian field and determining the appropriate solutions to the problems in this field seem more realistic. Honored scientist, professor B.Kh. Atashov notes: "The basis of the development strategy of the agricultural sector should be the issues of stimulating the application of the newest achievements of scientific and technical progress in the agricultural sector... The highest effect of scientific and technical progress in agriculture is the use of its newest directions and factors will be provided at the expense of
We are also of the opinion that ICT mechanisms should be given more scope in order to realize the strategic tasks facing the agrarian sector and to identify more efficient ways of solving the problems here, and
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the flexibility and consistency of these works should be ensured as much as possible. Global challenges, especially in recent years, in the new conditions created by global problems replacing each other, increasing the productivity of the agrarian field and efficient functioning of the production facilities put into operation, i.e. production capacities, depend primarily on the supply of raw materials, i.e. the abundance of agricultural products, and for this, increasing productivity, It is important to reduce losses and improve accounting and management mechanisms. Expanding the use of electronic information and management mechanisms, analytical information, and digital technologies can have a wide effect in systematically solving the mentioned issues. The rapid development of technology and innovation markets in the economically developed countries of the world, continuous research, development of productive mechanisms due to the development of new technologies, and measures and approaches to achieve higher results due to automatic management prompt us to think about it. Of course, we will look more broadly at issues related to world experience in the future, but we believe that, based on the problems of the modern era and taking into account new technological challenges, the development of the agricultural sector is quite relevant, and it is precisely from the balanced development of this sector that food security in the world, which is worsening year by year it is possible to achieve some progress in solving the problem All this, in the current global negative effects, more attention should be paid to the issues of using technological innovations, and adequate systematic and consistent measures should be taken in order for high technologies to be of strategic importance in the development of the agricultural sector.
Compared to the 70s of the 20th century, the volume of GDP worldwide has increased more than 20 times at current prices, and more than 4 times at real prices. In recent decades, issues of electronicization of the agricultural sector, the use of electronic services in the direction of effective use of existing resources in this field have attracted attention at the world level. Thus, at the global level, the economic activity related to information technologies is rapidly intensifying, and the share of ICT in the world GDP is at the level of 5.06.0%, but this indicator is predicted to increase to 9.010.0% in the coming years. One of the main reasons for such a rapid increase in the volume of production of goods and services is the rapid development of science and technology. The formation of the world economic system, the expansion of inter-country relations, and the growth of the population also gave impetus to the increase in the volume of production. The transfer of technological innovations from developed countries to developing countries has created conditions for the expansion of production in these countries. Especially from the point of view of ensuring food safety, it is very important to use the possibilities of ICT for the formation of the agricultural sector in accordance with the requirements of the modern world, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view.
Therefore, increasing the efficiency of ICT use in the agricultural field and modeling development goals
based on such technologies, and determining related action mechanisms should be given special attention. Thus, ICT technologies are in great demand in modern times, and their effectiveness is not in doubt, and it is for these reasons that, thanks to the maximum active use of ICT mechanisms, including digital technologies, in the leading countries of the world, a significant part of the efficiency problems in the agricultural sector have been solved and the productive operation of this sector has been achieved. , it became possible to produce more competitive and high-quality food products, as well as semi-finished technical products (cotton, cocoons with sericulture raw materials, etc.). On the other hand, the export of food products in the countries of the world, including the USA, France, Brazil, Israel, Argentina, Canada, Spain, the Netherlands, etc., are distinguished by having a high share in the global export structure. At the same time, in many countries of the world, the sustainable development of agricultural areas and the agricultural sector as a whole and the productive activity of the agricultural sector have not been formed at the level of the requirements of the time.
Thus, most countries of the world direct targeted state investments, allocate financial resources, provide subsidies, use subsidies, define a large number of concessions, including tax concessions, customs concessions, and develop and implement state support mechanisms to support activities in these areas. At the same time, thanks to the flexibility of ICT and the efficiency of electronic transactions, the possibilities of modernizing various areas of the economy, achieving greater success in the efficient organization of economic development processes, first of all, entrepreneurial activity and business processes are increasing. It can be seen that there is a potential for creating more sources of added value and increasing productivity in production processes due to the development of ICT-based entrepreneurial activities. Reports and studies prepared by experts of the European Regional Conference of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization have shown that it is possible to achieve high results due to the elec-tronicization of agriculture. For this purpose, the implementation of innovative methods and approaches at the expense of ICT in agricultural fields and in the agrarian field in general should be ensured. Standards for the organization and regulation of activities in those directions should be developed and conditions for farms to gain experience should be created.
It is possible to emphasize the effective role of ICT in improving the quality indicators of agricultural products and expanding their purchase and sale operations, as well as in the transfer of high technologies and intensification of investment flows. In these processes, the multifunctional and multiplicative effect of ICT emerges, new breath and efficiency opportunities are brought to the activity processes, a fundamental impetus is given to the productive modeling and realization of the use of existing resources and potential opportunities in this or that segment of the agricultural field.
Due to the active application of electronic resources in the agricultural field and the implementation of targeted programs in this regard, it is possible to in-
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crease the production of quality and competitive products and, at the same time, to reduce the costs arising in those processes. N.I. Boltyanskaya and a group of researchers noted the important role of the active use of digital technologies in the strategic development of the agrarian field in taking more effective measures towards the improvement of the quality indicators of the produced products and solving environmental problems.
Despite the author's opinion, we would like to note that in recent decades, interest in the production of organic agricultural products and the creation of ICT-based " smart" greenhouses and farms has been growing in most countries of the world. By the way, "smart" technologies are gradually entering the application phase in Azerbaijan. The new and advanced technologies used have the ability to significantly change the business environment, and in this regard, by reducing the costs of business operations, the potential is formed to direct more funds in the form of investment to business expansion and the transfer of foreign high technologies.
Rapid processing of information, in-depth analysis of competitors' behavior and strategies, timely assessment and consideration of more active segments of similar markets create new opportunities for increasing the efficiency of activities in the agricultural sector. Researcher D.S. Buklagin believes that: "ICT is of particular importance in the timely assessment of important directions of technological and innovation development of the agricultural sector and in taking the necessary measures" [3]. It is possible to note that there is an objective truth in the comments of this researcher, as ICT creates new opportunities for increasing the productivity of the agricultural field, expanding the product range and increasing the volume of additional production chain. At the same time, through ICT, the business environment among the subjects of the agrarian field is organized more effectively, farmers and
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business subjects exchange prompt and useful information on important areas of activity and innovations, and as a result, this or that progressive technology or form of management is adopted more quickly, and productivity increases. high results are obtained in increasing. In addition, new action mechanisms and tools are involved in reducing losses and minimizing risks. According to researchers S.G.Salnikov and N.Y.Tu-khena, technological firms, innovation-technological centers, providers, operators, etc. are more actively among the subjects of ICT. are in focus [1]. As the authors note, the leading subjects of ICT are already in the center of attention in all spheres of society and economy, including the agricultural sphere. On the other hand, subjects of the agricultural sector get additional advantages due to the collection of analytical information base, making reports through various computer programs, drawing up forecasts, in-depth analysis of the real situation in production areas and commodity markets.
In other words, they ensure the improvement of the mechanisms they use in their activities and significantly increase their competitiveness. At the same time, digital technologies and approaches are becoming a leading factor in the activity processes, enterprises and organizations of agriculture, agricultural areas and the agricultural sector as a whole [2]. Thus, more importance is given to digital technologies in the implementation of infrastructure projects in the regions of the country and in areas further from the capital, in the implementation of targeted regional development programs and in the application of information systems.
Reference list:
1. Ahmadov G.A. Application directions of innovations in agriculture.-Baku: ELM,-2010,-484 p
2. Ibrahimov I.H. Economy of the agrarian field. Monograph. Baku, 2016, 655 p.
3. The role of ICT in the economy. Electronic resource, http://www/ictnews.az/read-13343-news -1html
