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ARCTIC: THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT, ROLE IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY, TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Batin Eugene Nikolaevich, Astrakhan State Technical University, Astrakhan
E-mail: evgeniy.batin.@mail.ru
Dedov Kirill Viktorovich, Astrakhan State Technical University, Astrakhan
E-mail: kirill97q@mail.ru
Kochegarova Natalya Aleksandrovna,
Astrakhan State Technical University, Astrakhan
E-mail: na-rova@yandex.ru
Abstract. The purpose of this article is consideration of the Arctic fields importance and transport systems, especially for the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Pechora Sea regions. This article reveals value of offshore fields for the world oil and gas industry.
Key words: Arctic, oil and gas industry, transport systems, production, oil fields.
Let’s speak about the main directions of exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the Arctic. In the coming years, the Russian sector of the Arctic will continue to play a leading role in gas production and an increasingly important role in oil production.
In the conditions of an aggravation of the competition between suppliers of gas in the world market there is a need to develop and exploit new gas regions-with a thorough assessment of all possible risks.
In the Pechora Sea the “Gazprom Neft” company brought the field into development from the Prirazlomnaya platform with a single name. It is in the long
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term planned to bring into development of Dolginskoye field. There are three main growth nodes of formation of the new oil production centers in the north of the West Siberian oil-and-gas province.
The first has to be created along the route of the “Zapolyarye— Purpe” oil pipeline in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The extremely important is completion of construction of this oil pipeline, which Transneft conducts effectively. Input in development of the open fields which are settling down near the route of the Zapolyarye — Purpe oil pipeline will allow to increase oil production in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug by 40 — 50 million tons. It is necessary to synchronize on time construction of the oil pipeline and preparation for development of fields along its route.
The second node, also in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, has to be created on the basis of the Novoportovskoye field. In the long term, the Rostovtsev field can be connected to this knot.
The base of the third node is already created. It is huge Vankorsky field brought into development by the Rosneft oil company in the north-west of Krasnoyarskii Krai. It is necessary to accelerate completion of investigation and input in development of 0 the Taguls, Suzun, Lodochnoye fields located in close proximity to Vankor. Then this area steadily will give about 30 million tons of oil in a year for a long time.
In the water area of the Seas Arctic Ocean carrying out regional and the organization of systematic search works has to be a priority of prospecting works. In the western regions of the Arctic shelf where the volume of regional geophysical works is sufficient, it is necessary to create and carry out the program of parametrical drilling.
In some cases, it is necessary to carry out prospecting works and to begin development of fields on the Arctic shelf. In the USAand Norway this work is already conducted. It is begun in Russiaalso.
The Novatek company conducts development of a large Yurkharovsky field on the Tazovsky peninsula since 2003. The western part of a field is on the land, and big -central and east speak rapidly in Taz Bay. The field is developed from the land by horizontal wells. Now annual production on the field is slightly more than 1 billion m3. By 2016, gas production on the field will exceed 6 billion m3 per year.
Gazprom Neft Oil Company began development in the Pechora Sea of Prirazlomnoye field in 2014. Then, it conducts investigation of large Dolginskoye oil field. It is in 110 km from the continental coast. The field was opened in 1999. There was large volume of seismo-prospecting works - 11 thousand km2 seismic exploration of 2D and 1,6 thousand km2 seismic 3D exploration was executed, then three prospecting wells were drilled.
In considerable volumes reserves of oil and gas of water areas of the offshore Russian Seas Arctic Ocean sector will be necessary for Russia for satisfaction as
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internal requirements, and for implementation of the international obligations for global power providing in the second half of the XXI century. But to prepare resource and technological base for this purpose it is necessary to begin already now. It should be noted with satisfaction that the companies "Rosneft", "Gazprom", "Gazprom Neft", "Novatek" effectively work in all these directions. JSC Lukoil innovative technological solutions gives new life to the elder oil industry in the Arctic - to the Yaregsky field.
What about the offshore Arctic fields and its influence to the Russian oil and gas industry? Having in the Arctic regions of Western Siberia a unique source of raw materials, Russia does not have large systems of collecting and transport of hydrocarbonic gases C2 — C4. It possesses non-optimal on the used raw materials (naphtha instead of hydrocarbonic gases C2-C4) petrochemical productions with low powers and their set limited on final raw materials. For this reason, considerable part of raw materials burns, doing harm to environment, making it difficult to import the petrochemical production and sustaining huge economic losses.
The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug produces huge of wet gas, and capacities for its processing and system of transport aren't created, the most valuable raw 0 materials (ethane, propane, buds) are burned. Only in recent years, losses of ethane, propane and buds make 10 — 11 million tons a year. For the last 10 — 15 years, the most valuable raw materials which price in the world markets makes many tens and even hundreds of billions US dollars are burned.
In this regard, it seems to me quite pertinent to propose the steps for solving this problem:
- forbid production of fat gas in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the absence of capacities for its processing and transport of products of processing;
- create in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug capacities for processing of 150 — 180 billion m3 wet gas per year;
- impose a ban (as is done in the USA for many kinds of raw materials) on exports of hydrocarbon gases C2-C4;
- create a system for transport of products of wet gas processing of wet gas (WLFH, ethane, propane-butane fraction) to areas with the developed oil and gas industry, to Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and, perhaps, to the north-west of Russia;
- increase capacities of pyrolysis productions in areas of development of oil and gas industry;
- complete the construction of Novy Urengoy Gas and Chemical Complex, start design and realization of the second stage of the complex;
- process and staticize the general program of development of oil and gas industry.
The experience of the largest gas regions (the USA, Canada, Qatar, Iran, Saudi Arabia, etc.) shows expediency of approach of the enterprises for processing of gas
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and petrochemical productions to places of production of raw materials. It is necessary to provide and consistently to realize diversification of economy of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in this direction.
In the same way it is expedient to organize on a place processing heavy viscous
oils.
Russia has all opportunities, leaning on the raw materials which is available in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, to become the largest producer of petrochemical production and steadily to deliver it on internal and in the long term for foreign markets.
China, for instance, develops such productions and doesn’t feel sorry investments for this purpose, and take the second place in the world for production of oil and gas industry.
Creation of technologies of new generation, equipment, catalysts for oil and gas industry is a direct task and even a call for the Russian Academy of Sciences and its successor - the FASO!
Another problem is transport systems and its development at the Northern Sea route. The development of economy of the Arctic regions of Russia raises problem of 0 development of systems of transport. In this regard, restoration of the means of communication lost in the 90s of the last century and the first years of the XXI century is important. For areas with developed economy (e.g. Arkhangelsk region, the Komi Republic, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the north-west of Krasnoyarsk Krai) necessary to work out a state program and consistently to develop road and railway construction.
Large-scale development of the Northern Sea Route, construction on all ports route and moorings has to become the main direction of development of the Arctic transport system.
The most advanced oil and gas companies already go on this way. So, Oil Company Lukoil Varandey and East Kolguev transport the oil extracted in the Arkhangelsk region via terminals.
The Gazprom Neft company plans to transport the oil extracted on the Novoportovskoye field to Europe by sea via the terminal in Gulf of Ob on the cape Kamenniy. From a field to the terminal the oil pipeline 100 km long will be constructed. Power of a transport complex will make 8,5 million tons of oil a year.
Marine transportation will also be used to deliver oil from the Prirazlomnoye field in the Pechora Sea.
The largest project is realized by the Novatek oil company. In order to transport gas and condensate from the Southern Tambeysky field the company builds plant on liquefaction of gas of "Yamal SPG" and the port of Sabetta on the bank of Gulf of Ob. It is planned to organize transportation of gas, oil and gas condensate through this port and across the Northern Sea Route to countries of Western Europe, North and South
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Americaand to the Pacific Rim. The projected construction period is 2012 — 2017. Arctic airport of the international class, located around plant and seaport, is also under construction. It will accept planes of all types, including heavy transport planes.
It is projected that the railroad also will come to Sabetta.
The Northern Sea Route will be used to carry out transport of hydrocarbons from lower reaches of Yenisei River through Dudinka port, and also from areas in the lower reaches of the Lena River through Tiksi port. The state program of development of the Northern Sea Route, creation of port infrastructure, creation of icebreaking fleet of Russia of new generation is necessary.
In conclusion we’d like to say that the problem of oil and gas deposits development in the Arctic is the key element to the future energy industry. The methods of development of such deposits influence greatly the efficiency of the project and the impact on the environment. The nature of the Arctic is very sensitive and therefore its protection requires the seriousness and professionalism of the staff.
Literature:
0 1. Arctic petroleum geology. Edited by A. M. Spencer, A. F. Embry, D. L. Gautier, et al. / Geological Society Memoir. 2011.
2. Bol’shayanefft’ Timano-Pechory (Big Oil of Timan-Pechora) / By N. N. Gerasimov, N. V. Mel’nikova, A. A. Ievlev, and N. N. Timonina. Ed. by N. V. Mel’nikova. Syktyvkar. 2009.
3. Kontorovich A. E., Epov M. I., Burshtein L. M. et al. Geology and hydrocarbon resources of the shelves of Russia’s Arctic seas and their development prospects // Geol. Geofiz. 2010.
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