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45ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF TRIATHLETES AT THE STAGE
OF IMPROVING SPORTS SKILLS
R. R. Niyazova Z. D. Raximova
Uzbekistan State University of Physical Education and Sports
regina. 89 @mail .ru
ABSTRACT
This scientific article analyzes the methodology for assessing the level of physical fitness of triathletes at the stage of improving sports skills, age category U16. A system for monitoring the physical fitness of triathletes is developed, which provides comprehensive, operational, and effective information about the state of physical fitness of an athlete. The results of the tested group of control exercises are described in detail, according to the results of which it is possible to make the necessary adjustments at this stage of preparation. Based on the obtained research data, it is possible to differentiate training loads in the leading and lagging types of triathlon, taking into account the individual profile and the level of special physical fitness of the athlete.
Keywords: sportsmanship, physical fitness, special physical fitness, sportsmanship, muscle strength, vestibular stability, flexibility and coordination abilities, special performance, control system.
INTRODUCTION
Today, there is a sharp leap in the development of triathlon as an Olympic sport in the world, as a result of which competition among gifted athletes has increased, which requires more effective training of high-class athletes, and especially the Olympic reserve. In our opinion, this trend is explained by the entry of new national federations into the World Triathlon Union, especially from the countries of the Asian region.
Currently, it has become obvious that the methodological principles that were successfully used by triathlon coaches and athletes of previous generations no longer meet the conditions of today. According to experts, in the field of triathlon Brownley A., Sysoev I.V., Kulinenkov O.S., Sukhachev E.A., Konovalov V.N. Friel D. and others, the requirements for reliability and stability of technical and tactical skills have increased, the intensity and volume of training loads have increased, the level of physical fitness of athletes has increased [6,7,10,11].
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
Mastering sports skills, according to sports scientists, is based solely on comprehensive physical, special-motor and technical training carried out at all stages of training. At the same time, it is important to ensure such a progressive development of physical, special-motor and functional capabilities of athletes, in which the highest level of sports achievements would occur during adulthood.
Consequently, in the system of training triathletes at the stage of improving sports skills, it is necessary to pay due attention to the development of a high level of motor function, which allows mastering the perfect technique of each of the stages of the triathlon race, i.e. swimming, bike control and running, as well as to contribute to further improvement of motor, intellectual and mental activity management in the process of performing exercises, in order to achieve stable results in all types of triathlon [2,3,5,8].
It should be noted that the process of intensifying the total loads of triathletes due to integral training sets the task of finding and justifying effective ratios and combinations of loads of various preferential orientation, ensuring optimal formation of general and special physical fitness [1,4,9,10].
In the modern scientific and methodological literature there are many works devoted to the study of methods of physical training in highly qualified athletes of various sports. At the same time, this problem is not fully solved in triathlon. Many issues in the training of athletes specializing in triathlon, and in particular juniors 1619 years old (M16 / F16) have not been studied at all. Thus, the search for the most effective and scientifically sound ways to increase and improve the level of physical fitness of triathletes seems very relevant and necessary for the theory and practice of triathlon [3,5,6,7,11,12].
Objective: To assess the level of physical fitness of biathletes at the stage of improving sports skills.
Research methods: analysis of literary sources and scientific and methodological material, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics.
Results: Taking into account the goal of the study, we studied the methodology of physical training and its features among triathletes of the youth national team of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
As you know, the phases of the development of sports form are the basis for the periodization of training and determine the duration, structure of periods and the content of the training process in them. In accordance with the laws of the development of the state of athletic form, the annual cycle of triathletes begins with a preparatory period, which in turn is divided into 2 stages: general preparatory and
special preparatory. It should be taken into account that as the athletes' sports qualifications increase, the duration of the general preparatory stage decreases, and the special preparatory stage increases accordingly.
Thus, at the stage of improving sports skills, according to the ratio of the volumes of the training process, only 8-12% of the annual load is given to the general physical training of triathletes, while 50-62% is given to special physical training, including the swimming segment (22-26%), the cycling segment (16-20%) and the running segment (12-16%), respectively.
However, it should not be forgotten that in triathlon, physical training in general should be carried out throughout the entire macrocycle, but at the same time with a competent variation of its duration and specificity, focusing on the period and tasks of preparation.
DISCUSSION
It is important to understand that general physical training is an integral part of the training process of triathletes, which is a purposeful process of forming physical qualities, which include strength, endurance, flexibility, agility, speed abilities and others. In addition, special physical training, in turn, develops motor skills and abilities, as well as physical abilities of an athlete, focused on the maximum possible degree of their improvement, with the provision of selective development of individual muscle groups bearing the main load when performing competitive exercises. Moreover, it is aimed at increasing the functional capabilities of organs and systems, creating prerequisites for the manifestation of the existing functional potential in specific conditions of competitive activity.
So, by means of pedagogical testing and analysis of competitive indicators, the influence of physical qualities on the performance of triathletes was determined, it was revealed that endurance has a significant impact, as the leading indicator limiting performance, while speed abilities, muscle strength, vestibular stability, flexibility and coordination abilities are in equal progression, while having an average impact on successful performance at the starts (Table 1). The indicators of physical development of athletes, their physique and the structure of training loads were also studied (Table 1). Based on the data obtained, we selected and tested a group of control exercises that allows us to objectively assess the level of general and special physical fitness of young triathletes at a sufficiently high level (Table 2).
The study involved triathletes of the youth national team of the Republic of Uzbekistan, aged 16.3+2.7 years, with sports qualifications from the first adult sports category to the master of sports (n=20).
Table 1
Influence of physical qualities and physique on performance in the sport of triathlon
Physical qualities and physique The level of influence Symbols
Speed abilities 2 average influence
Muscle strength 2 average influence
Vestibular stability 2 average influence
Endurance 3 significant influence
Flexibility 2 average influence
Coordination abilities 2 average influence
Body type 2 average influence
*Symbols:
3 - Significant impact; 2 - average impact; 1 - minor impact
Thus, to assess the speed, we used the 60 m running test, to determine the level of flexibility - twisting straight arms back and forth, with a grip width of no more than 65 cm, speed and strength qualities were recorded on the basis of tests - a long jump from a place and flexion and extension of the arms in a prone position. Whereas special endurance, characterizing the aerobic capacity of the processes of energy supply of muscular activity, was determined using three control exercises: 1) swimming at the maximum possible speed at a distance of 500 m; 2) cycling 4000 m; 3) running at a distance of 3000 m (Table 2). Table 2
Indicators of physical fitness of triathletes at the stage of improving sports
skills
Control exercises Juniors (M16) (n=12) Juniors (F16) (n=8) Validity of differences
Running 60 m (s) 7,6±0,57 8,2±1,2 <0,01
Straight arms back and forth (cm) 52,5±3,4 49,2±2,8 <0,01
Long jump from a standing position (cm) 186±1,3 167±2,1 <0,05
Flexion and 26±3,5 17±2,6 <0,05
extension of the
arms in the prone
position (number
of times)
500m swimming 377±1,3 392±2,1 <0,05
(s)
4000m cycling (s) 287±3,1 332±2,8 <0,01
3000m running 581±0,23 679±0,44 <0,01
(s)
Due to the fact that there is an obvious difference in the level of preparedness between boys and girls in the examined groups, when comparing the average values of indicators, we established differences in intergroup indicators at a reliable level (p<0.05).
RESULTS
Thus, according to the test results, it was revealed that the results in tests at distances in swimming, cycling and running, indirectly reflecting anaerobic capabilities, have a large correlation with the competitive distance (r=0.77, 0.73, 0.80). Correlation analysis allowed us to conclude that the time indicators registered at the start of the sprint distance, in general, poorly correlate with the indicators of general physical training. If the results of the 4000m bike race test have a significant relationship with the results of jumping exercises, then the correlation between the indicators in the 60m run and the indicators of special training turned out to be unreliable (p>0.05). Apparently, in the 3000 m run, the qualities of special endurance are more evident than the qualities of speed and strength endurance. There is a significant correlation between the results in running 3000 m and the results shown in swimming 500 m (p<0.05), since in these types of exercises the results largely depend on the aerobic power of the processes of energy supply of muscular activity of athletes.
The data obtained allowed us to conclude that it is advisable to use the developed control system in the process of physical training of triathletes. A multidimensional statistical analysis of the indicators of general and special physical fitness helped to predict the results of competitions at a distance of super sprint, sprint, and differentiate the assessment of special performance and speed-strength fitness of athletes.
CONCLUSION
From the above, it can be concluded that the success of competitive activity in triathlon directly depends on the laid foundation of physical and special fitness, since by means of general physical training, versatile physical development is acquired, characterized by a high level of physical qualities, the performance of all organs and systems, the coherence of their functions, and special physical training allows you to withstand and adapt to the characteristic training and competitive loads, increasing the functional capabilities of the body in relation to the requirements of the triathlon.
The results of the derived criteria, according to some indicators of general physical and special training, help to assess the approximate result of the sprint and super sprint competitions, in which athletes of the junior 16-19 years old (M16/ F16) category are allowed to compete. In addition, this technique can be used in the preparation of athletes of mass categories.
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