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Вестник технологического университета. 2015. Т.18, №18 УДК 537.525.7:621.762
A. A. Khubatkhuzin, I. Sh. Abdullin, V. I. Khristoliubova, А. Rushintsev
ANALYSIS OF PHISICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SPIRAL PUMPS AFTER THE APOLLINARIAN, ANODIZATION, RADIO-FREQUENSY PLASMA OF LOW PRESSURE
Ключевые слова: ВЧплазма, спиральный насос, пониженное давление.
Проведен анализ и сопоставление рассмотренных методов упрочнения поверхности металлов. Получено покрытие на поверхности алюминиевого сплава с помощью анодирования и эпиламинирования, ВЧ плазмы пониженного давления. В результате формирования покрытия на поверхности получено улучшение физико-механических свойств поверхностных слоев металлов и повышение твердости.
Keywords: RFplasma, spiral pump, low pressure.
Methods of hardening of metals are considered. The analysis and comparison of the considered methods is carried out. The covering on a surface of an aluminium alloy by means of anodic treatment and an apollinarian, RF plasma of lowered pressure is received. As a result of covering formation on a surface improvement ofphysical and mechanical properties of metals and hardness increase is received.
Introduction
Trends in the development of industry in the world show that the increase of resources and metal and other material products allows to get the economic and environmental effects, which significantly reduces production costs. One effective way to extend the life of products of mechanical engineering is the modification of the properties of working surfaces exposed to abrasion during operation. The results of research of the processes of deterioration and destruction of various products during their operation have shown that the reliability of the product and the service life depends, and often completely determined by the state of the surface layer [1-3].
Duralumin - the main structural material in aviation and aerospace, as well as in other areas of engineering with high demands to the weight returns. Duralumin is used widely in the vacuum industry, in particular is used in the spiral pump for the spirals inside as the maid detail. Ease, sufficient strength, ease of handling, resistance to corrosion - the main advantages of the material.
To compare and analyze the impact of the effects of processing on the surface of the sample three methods of treatment: anodizing, epollinarian, radio-frequensy plasma of low pressure were selected.
Apollinarian - a process of applying a protective film on the multifunctional friction parts of equipment and details of devices. It is not lubricated or painting. This is a special fluorine-containing surface-active agents (surfactants), epilams that specially applied to the product, after which a thin film is formed. Processing was carried out in accordance with ISO 3001 2008. "Fluorine-containing multi-functional composition SFK-05" was used as epilam. The coating was carried out by "hot method" for an hour [4].
By anodising the aluminum alloy piece was dipped in an acidic electrolyte (aqueous solution of H2SO4) and connected to the positive pole of the current source. The process takes place at a current density of 10-50 mA / cm2 of the details (required voltage source is 50-100 V). The formation of an oxide coating on the surface of the alloy observed with color change from the usual steel gloss to matt green.
A perspective method for the treatment of materials is the effect of radio-frequency plasma of low pressure, which results in ion implantation of atoms of the plasma gas into the metal to a depth of 100 nm. The distinguishing feature of this technology is the use of "cold" plasma: the gas temperature in the plasma flow can be adjusted in the range from 40 to 600 0C [5-7].
It is based on the formation of ion flux with an energy of 10 - 100 eV, due to the formation of positive charge layer at the boundary between the body surface and a quasi-neutral plasma.
Ion energy is sufficient to heal the micropores and microcracks, elimination of fractured and relief layers, formation of compressive residual stress in the surface layer of the sample, and others [8-11].
The use of gas as the working fluid - can handle internal cavity of products.
Experiment and results
In all cases, in order to avoid side effects, treated detailes' parts degreased and dried before treatment.
Baseline characteristics of the studied sample: hardness 0.82 GPa, elastic modulus 32 GPa.
It is set that the hardness of the material increased up to 0.98 GPa, but the elastic properties (elastic modulus, elastic recovery) fell twice after the anodizing. This may happened due to the structure of the anodic oxide, which is obtained porous. Accordingly roughness greatly increased of 3.5 times. Therefore, after the anodization additional measures to clog pores should be applied. Usually detail then is long steamed or boiled in water.
Studies on the effect of epilams showed that the hardness increased in a similar manner to 0.98 GPa. The modulus of elasticity in comparison with the previous method increased by 40% to 45 GPa, elastic recovery factor, however, as in the anodizing was equal to 12%. Roughness after this type of treatment has not been changed.
To investigate the effect of the interaction of low pressure RF plasma to the surface of the material held the third experiment with the plasma of an inert gas, argon, the flow 0.06 g / sec and in a mixture of plasma-chemical gas,
Вестник технологического университета. 2015. Т.18, №18
methane, the flow 0.004 g/s, and argon, the flow 0.06 g/s, was carried out. Chamber pressure was 24-26 Pa.
Features of radio-frequency plasma generator: the power consumption of 0.5-10 kW output frequency 13.56 MHz, the anode current 0.6-0.75 A, the anode voltage 7 kV. In order to concentrate the electric field near the surface of the product the additional negative voltage at a rate of -20 V was fed to. The treatment for a total was about 40 minutes: 20 minutes in argon, for 20 minutes in a mixture of inert and plasmochemical gases. As a result of capacitive radio-frequency discharge hardness from 3,05 ± 0,17 GPa to 3,30 ± 0,29 GPa was improved on the surface of the product. At the same time the modulus of elasticity from 74,16 ± 10,66 GPa to 124,07 ± 17,95 GPa was increased, and the elastic recovery ratio from 17,94 ± 0,78% to 29,89 ± 5,61. The roughness decreased from 302.37 nm to 76.65 nm.
Microhardness and roughness measurement was applied to determination of physical mechanical properties. The relief and surface structure at a submicronic and nanometer scale was investigated by means of the scanning nanohardness gage «NanoScan-3D». On the «NanoScan» base the method of measurement of the hardness, based on measurement and the analysis of dependence of loading at indentation of indenter in a material surface from depth of introduction of an indenter is realized. This method is a cornerstone of the standard of measurement of hardness ISO 14577. The indenter of Berkovich type is applied to mechanical tests. It represents a trihedral diamond pyramid with a corner at top near 142°. The method of a measuring dynamic indentation consists in the following: the indenter is pressed into a sample surface with a constant speed, at the achievement of the set loading the indenter is taken away in the opposite direction. In the course of such test record of values of loading and shift of an indenter corresponding to it is made. Feature: pezorezonanse cantilever tuning fork construction with high bending resistance (~2-104 N/m).
Conclusion
Thus, it revealed that the physical and mechanical characteristics of the spiral pump treated with capacitive radio-frequency plasma discharge, have a high technological and operational characteristics in comparison with the above methods, anodizing and epilaminirovanie. Gas saturation (carbonizing) of surface
layers of metals and alloys at a depth of 1 micron during processing to 40 minutes was obtained, resulting in an increase of strength properties, durability and lifetime of the products. The advantage of ion implantation over other methods of introducing other impurities in solids is the versatility of the process which allows to introduce any element of any material in strictly controlled quantity, as well as set its depth distribution.
The complex approach to the study of surfaces with the use of methods to measure topography, roughness, hardness, wear resistance, modulus of elasticity, elastic recovery coefficient and the thickness of the modified layer in a single instrument was studied and mastered.
References
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© А. Khubatkhuzin - Ph.D., associate professor of Plasma Technology and Nanotechnology of High Molecular Weight Materials Department, KNRTU, al_kstu@mail.ru; 1 Abdullin - Ph.D., professor of Plasma Technology and Nanotechnology of High Molecular Weight Materials Department, KNRTU, abdullin_i@kstu.ru; V. Khristoliubova - Ph.D. student of Plasma Technology and Nanotechnology of High Molecular Weight Materials Department, KNRTU, valllerrriya@mail.ru; A. Rushintsev - master of Garment and Footwear Design Department, KNRTU, valllerrriya@mail.ru
© А. А. Хубатхузин - к. т. н., доц. каф. плазмохимических и нанотехнологий высокомолекулярных материалов, КНИТУ, al_kstu@mail.ru; И. Ш. Абдуллин - д.т.н., проф., зав. каф. плазмохимических и нанотехнологий высокомолекулярных материалов, КНИТУ, abdullin_i@kstu.ru; В. И. Христолюбова - аспирант той же кафедры, valllerrriya@mail.ru; А. А. Рушинцев - магистр каф. конструирования одежды и обуви, КНИТУ, valllerrriya@mail.ru.
